Common Breast Cancer-Predisposition Alleles Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Identifieur interne : 000359 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000358; suivant : 000360Common Breast Cancer-Predisposition Alleles Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Auteurs : Antonis C. Antoniou ; Amanda B. Spurdle ; Olga M. Sinilnikova ; Sue Healey ; Karen A. Pooley ; Rita K. Schmutzler ; Beatrix Versmold ; Christoph Engel ; Alfons Meindl ; Norbert Arnold ; Wera Hofmann ; Christian Sutter ; Dieter Niederacher ; Helmut Deissler ; Trinidad Caldes ; Kati K Mpj Rvi ; Heli Nevanlinna ; Jacques Simard ; Jonathan Beesley ; Xiaoqing Chen ; Susan L. Neuhausen ; Timothy R. Rebbeck ; Theresa Wagner ; Henry T. Lynch ; Claudine Isaacs ; Jeffrey Weitzel ; Patricia A. Ganz ; Mary B. Daly ; Gail Tomlinson ; Olufunmilayo I. Olopade ; Joanne L. Blum ; Fergus J. Couch ; Paolo Peterlongo ; Siranoush Manoukian ; Monica Barile ; Paolo Radice ; Csilla I. Szabo ; Lutecia H. Mateus Pereira ; Mark H. Greene ; Gad Rennert ; Flavio Lejbkowicz ; Ofra Barnett-Griness ; Irene L. Andrulis ; Hilmi Ozcelik ; Anne-Marie Gerdes ; Maria A. Caligo ; Yael Laitman ; Bella Kaufman ; Roni Milgrom ; Eitan Friedman ; Susan M. Domchek ; Katherine L. Nathanson ; Ana Osorio ; Gemma Llort ; Roger L. Milne ; Javier Benítez ; Ute Hamann ; Frans B. L. Hogervorst ; Peggy Manders ; Marjolijn J. L. Ligtenberg ; Ans M. W. Van Den Ouweland ; Susan Peock ; Margaret Cook ; Radka Platte ; D. Gareth Evans ; Rosalind Eeles ; Gabriella Pichert ; Carol Chu ; Diana Eccles ; Rosemarie Davidson ; Fiona Douglas ; Andrew K. Godwin ; Laure Barjhoux ; Sylvie Mazoyer ; Hagay Sobol ; Violaine Bourdon ; François Eisinger ; Agnès Chompret ; Corinne Capoulade ; Brigitte Bressac-De Paillerets ; Gilbert M. Lenoir ; Marion Gauthier-Villars ; Claude Houdayer ; Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet ; Georgia Chenevix-Trench ; Douglas F. EastonSource :
- American Journal of Human Genetics [ 0002-9297 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Germline mutations in
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.02.008
PubMed: 18355772
PubMed Central: 2427217
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PMC:2427217Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Common Breast Cancer-Predisposition Alleles Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Mutation Carriers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Antoniou, Antonis C" sort="Antoniou, Antonis C" uniqKey="Antoniou A" first="Antonis C." last="Antoniou">Antonis C. Antoniou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sinilnikova, Olga M" sort="Sinilnikova, Olga M" uniqKey="Sinilnikova O" first="Olga M." last="Sinilnikova">Olga M. Sinilnikova</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Caldes, Trinidad" sort="Caldes, Trinidad" uniqKey="Caldes T" first="Trinidad" last="Caldes">Trinidad Caldes</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Nevanlinna, Heli" sort="Nevanlinna, Heli" uniqKey="Nevanlinna H" first="Heli" last="Nevanlinna">Heli Nevanlinna</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Simard, Jacques" sort="Simard, Jacques" uniqKey="Simard J" first="Jacques" last="Simard">Jacques Simard</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Neuhausen, Susan L" sort="Neuhausen, Susan L" uniqKey="Neuhausen S" first="Susan L." last="Neuhausen">Susan L. Neuhausen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wagner, Theresa" sort="Wagner, Theresa" uniqKey="Wagner T" first="Theresa" last="Wagner">Theresa Wagner</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lynch, Henry T" sort="Lynch, Henry T" uniqKey="Lynch H" first="Henry T." last="Lynch">Henry T. Lynch</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Claudine" sort="Isaacs, Claudine" uniqKey="Isaacs C" first="Claudine" last="Isaacs">Claudine Isaacs</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Blum, Joanne L" sort="Blum, Joanne L" uniqKey="Blum J" first="Joanne L." last="Blum">Joanne L. Blum</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Couch, Fergus J" sort="Couch, Fergus J" uniqKey="Couch F" first="Fergus J." last="Couch">Fergus J. Couch</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Manoukian, Siranoush" sort="Manoukian, Siranoush" uniqKey="Manoukian S" first="Siranoush" last="Manoukian">Siranoush Manoukian</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Barile, Monica" sort="Barile, Monica" uniqKey="Barile M" first="Monica" last="Barile">Monica Barile</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Radice, Paolo" sort="Radice, Paolo" uniqKey="Radice P" first="Paolo" last="Radice">Paolo Radice</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Szabo, Csilla I" sort="Szabo, Csilla I" uniqKey="Szabo C" first="Csilla I." last="Szabo">Csilla I. Szabo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Pereira, Lutecia H Mateus" sort="Pereira, Lutecia H Mateus" uniqKey="Pereira L" first="Lutecia H. Mateus" last="Pereira">Lutecia H. Mateus Pereira</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rennert, Gad" sort="Rennert, Gad" uniqKey="Rennert G" first="Gad" last="Rennert">Gad Rennert</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lejbkowicz, Flavio" sort="Lejbkowicz, Flavio" uniqKey="Lejbkowicz F" first="Flavio" last="Lejbkowicz">Flavio Lejbkowicz</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Barnett Griness, Ofra" sort="Barnett Griness, Ofra" uniqKey="Barnett Griness O" first="Ofra" last="Barnett-Griness">Ofra Barnett-Griness</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L." last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff39"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Gerdes, Anne Marie" sort="Gerdes, Anne Marie" uniqKey="Gerdes A" first="Anne-Marie" last="Gerdes">Anne-Marie Gerdes</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Caligo, Maria A" sort="Caligo, Maria A" uniqKey="Caligo M" first="Maria A." last="Caligo">Maria A. Caligo</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Laitman, Yael" sort="Laitman, Yael" uniqKey="Laitman Y" first="Yael" last="Laitman">Yael Laitman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaufman, Bella" sort="Kaufman, Bella" uniqKey="Kaufman B" first="Bella" last="Kaufman">Bella Kaufman</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Milgrom, Roni" sort="Milgrom, Roni" uniqKey="Milgrom R" first="Roni" last="Milgrom">Roni Milgrom</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"></nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Friedman, Eitan" sort="Friedman, Eitan" uniqKey="Friedman E" first="Eitan" last="Friedman">Eitan Friedman</name>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff43"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Domchek, Susan M" sort="Domchek, Susan M" uniqKey="Domchek S" first="Susan M." last="Domchek">Susan M. Domchek</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nathanson, Katherine L" sort="Nathanson, Katherine L" uniqKey="Nathanson K" first="Katherine L." last="Nathanson">Katherine L. Nathanson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff45"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Osorio, Ana" sort="Osorio, Ana" uniqKey="Osorio A" first="Ana" last="Osorio">Ana Osorio</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llort, Gemma" sort="Llort, Gemma" uniqKey="Llort G" first="Gemma" last="Llort">Gemma Llort</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff47"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Milne, Roger L" sort="Milne, Roger L" uniqKey="Milne R" first="Roger L." last="Milne">Roger L. Milne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benitez, Javier" sort="Benitez, Javier" uniqKey="Benitez J" first="Javier" last="Benítez">Javier Benítez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff48"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamann, Ute" sort="Hamann, Ute" uniqKey="Hamann U" first="Ute" last="Hamann">Ute Hamann</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff49"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hogervorst, Frans B L" sort="Hogervorst, Frans B L" uniqKey="Hogervorst F" first="Frans B. L." last="Hogervorst">Frans B. L. Hogervorst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff50"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Manders, Peggy" sort="Manders, Peggy" uniqKey="Manders P" first="Peggy" last="Manders">Peggy Manders</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff51"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ligtenberg, Marjolijn J L" sort="Ligtenberg, Marjolijn J L" uniqKey="Ligtenberg M" first="Marjolijn J. L." last="Ligtenberg">Marjolijn J. L. Ligtenberg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff52"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Den Ouweland, Ans M W" sort="Van Den Ouweland, Ans M W" uniqKey="Van Den Ouweland A" first="Ans M. W." last="Van Den Ouweland">Ans M. W. Van Den Ouweland</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff53"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peock, Susan" sort="Peock, Susan" uniqKey="Peock S" first="Susan" last="Peock">Susan Peock</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cook, Margaret" sort="Cook, Margaret" uniqKey="Cook M" first="Margaret" last="Cook">Margaret Cook</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Platte, Radka" sort="Platte, Radka" uniqKey="Platte R" first="Radka" last="Platte">Radka Platte</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Evans, D Gareth" sort="Evans, D Gareth" uniqKey="Evans D" first="D. Gareth" last="Evans">D. Gareth Evans</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff54"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eeles, Rosalind" sort="Eeles, Rosalind" uniqKey="Eeles R" first="Rosalind" last="Eeles">Rosalind Eeles</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff55"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pichert, Gabriella" sort="Pichert, Gabriella" uniqKey="Pichert G" first="Gabriella" last="Pichert">Gabriella Pichert</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff56"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Carol" sort="Chu, Carol" uniqKey="Chu C" first="Carol" last="Chu">Carol Chu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff57"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eccles, Diana" sort="Eccles, Diana" uniqKey="Eccles D" first="Diana" last="Eccles">Diana Eccles</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff58"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davidson, Rosemarie" sort="Davidson, Rosemarie" uniqKey="Davidson R" first="Rosemarie" last="Davidson">Rosemarie Davidson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff59"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Douglas, Fiona" sort="Douglas, Fiona" uniqKey="Douglas F" first="Fiona" last="Douglas">Fiona Douglas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff60"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Godwin, Andrew K" sort="Godwin, Andrew K" uniqKey="Godwin A" first="Andrew K." last="Godwin">Andrew K. Godwin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff25"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barjhoux, Laure" sort="Barjhoux, Laure" uniqKey="Barjhoux L" first="Laure" last="Barjhoux">Laure Barjhoux</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mazoyer, Sylvie" sort="Mazoyer, Sylvie" uniqKey="Mazoyer S" first="Sylvie" last="Mazoyer">Sylvie Mazoyer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sobol, Hagay" sort="Sobol, Hagay" uniqKey="Sobol H" first="Hagay" last="Sobol">Hagay Sobol</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bourdon, Violaine" sort="Bourdon, Violaine" uniqKey="Bourdon V" first="Violaine" last="Bourdon">Violaine Bourdon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eisinger, Francois" sort="Eisinger, Francois" uniqKey="Eisinger F" first="François" last="Eisinger">François Eisinger</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff61"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chompret, Agnes" sort="Chompret, Agnes" uniqKey="Chompret A" first="Agnès" last="Chompret">Agnès Chompret</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff62"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Capoulade, Corinne" sort="Capoulade, Corinne" uniqKey="Capoulade C" first="Corinne" last="Capoulade">Corinne Capoulade</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bressac De Paillerets, Brigitte" sort="Bressac De Paillerets, Brigitte" uniqKey="Bressac De Paillerets B" first="Brigitte" last="Bressac-De Paillerets">Brigitte Bressac-De Paillerets</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lenoir, Gilbert M" sort="Lenoir, Gilbert M" uniqKey="Lenoir G" first="Gilbert M." last="Lenoir">Gilbert M. Lenoir</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff63"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gauthier Villars, Marion" sort="Gauthier Villars, Marion" uniqKey="Gauthier Villars M" first="Marion" last="Gauthier-Villars">Marion Gauthier-Villars</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Houdayer, Claude" sort="Houdayer, Claude" uniqKey="Houdayer C" first="Claude" last="Houdayer">Claude Houdayer</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stoppa Lyonnet, Dominique" sort="Stoppa Lyonnet, Dominique" uniqKey="Stoppa Lyonnet D" first="Dominique" last="Stoppa-Lyonnet">Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet</name>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" sort="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" uniqKey="Chenevix Trench G" first="Georgia" last="Chenevix-Trench">Georgia Chenevix-Trench</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="pmid">18355772</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2427217</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2427217</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2427217</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.02.008</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Common Breast Cancer-Predisposition Alleles Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Mutation Carriers</title>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff11"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff12"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff13"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff15"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff16"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff19"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff20"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff22"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff23"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff24"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff32"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff30"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff42"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff46"></nlm:aff>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff64"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" sort="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" uniqKey="Chenevix Trench G" first="Georgia" last="Chenevix-Trench">Georgia Chenevix-Trench</name>
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</analytic>
<series><title level="j">American Journal of Human Genetics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0002-9297</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1537-6605</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Germline mutations in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
confer high risks of breast cancer. However, evidence suggests that these risks are modified by other genetic or environmental factors that cluster in families. A recent genome-wide association study has shown that common alleles at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <italic>FGFR2</italic>
(rs2981582), <italic>TNRC9</italic>
(rs3803662), and <italic>MAP3K1</italic>
(rs889312) are associated with increased breast cancer risks in the general population. To investigate whether these loci are also associated with breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers, we genotyped these SNPs in a sample of 10,358 mutation carriers from 23 studies. The minor alleles of SNP rs2981582 and rs889312 were each associated with increased breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers (per-allele hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20–1.45, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 1.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup>
and HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.24, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 0.02) but not in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
carriers. rs3803662 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in both <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers (per-allele HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06–1.20, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>
in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and BRCA2 combined). These loci appear to interact multiplicatively on breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers. The differences in the effects of the <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>MAP3K1</italic>
SNPs between <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
carriers point to differences in the biology of <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
breast cancer tumors and confirm the distinct nature of breast cancer in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
mutation carriers.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-comment>/tmp/28271.pmc.28271/meta_AJHG106.xml</pmc-comment>
<pmc-comment>ARTICLE</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Hum Genet</journal-id>
<journal-title>American Journal of Human Genetics</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9297</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1537-6605</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society of Human Genetics</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18355772</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2427217</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">AJHG106</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.02.008</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Common Breast Cancer-Predisposition Alleles Are Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Mutation Carriers</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Antoniou</surname>
<given-names>Antonis C.</given-names>
</name>
<email>antonis@srl.cam.ac.uk</email>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">∗</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spurdle</surname>
<given-names>Amanda B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sinilnikova</surname>
<given-names>Olga M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Healey</surname>
<given-names>Sue</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pooley</surname>
<given-names>Karen A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schmutzler</surname>
<given-names>Rita K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Versmold</surname>
<given-names>Beatrix</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Engel</surname>
<given-names>Christoph</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meindl</surname>
<given-names>Alfons</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff8" ref-type="aff">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arnold</surname>
<given-names>Norbert</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hofmann</surname>
<given-names>Wera</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sutter</surname>
<given-names>Christian</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff11" ref-type="aff">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niederacher</surname>
<given-names>Dieter</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff12" ref-type="aff">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deissler</surname>
<given-names>Helmut</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff13" ref-type="aff">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caldes</surname>
<given-names>Trinidad</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff14" ref-type="aff">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kämpjärvi</surname>
<given-names>Kati</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nevanlinna</surname>
<given-names>Heli</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff15" ref-type="aff">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Simard</surname>
<given-names>Jacques</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff16" ref-type="aff">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beesley</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoqing</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>the Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer</collab>
<xref rid="aff17" ref-type="aff">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Neuhausen</surname>
<given-names>Susan L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff18" ref-type="aff">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rebbeck</surname>
<given-names>Timothy R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff19" ref-type="aff">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname>
<given-names>Theresa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff20" ref-type="aff">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lynch</surname>
<given-names>Henry T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff21" ref-type="aff">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Isaacs</surname>
<given-names>Claudine</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff22" ref-type="aff">22</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weitzel</surname>
<given-names>Jeffrey</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff23" ref-type="aff">23</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ganz</surname>
<given-names>Patricia A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff24" ref-type="aff">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Daly</surname>
<given-names>Mary B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff25" ref-type="aff">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tomlinson</surname>
<given-names>Gail</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff26" ref-type="aff">26</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olopade</surname>
<given-names>Olufunmilayo I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff27" ref-type="aff">27</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blum</surname>
<given-names>Joanne L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff28" ref-type="aff">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Couch</surname>
<given-names>Fergus J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff29" ref-type="aff">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peterlongo</surname>
<given-names>Paolo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff30" ref-type="aff">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manoukian</surname>
<given-names>Siranoush</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff31" ref-type="aff">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barile</surname>
<given-names>Monica</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff32" ref-type="aff">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Radice</surname>
<given-names>Paolo</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff30" ref-type="aff">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szabo</surname>
<given-names>Csilla I.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff33" ref-type="aff">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pereira</surname>
<given-names>Lutecia H. Mateus</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff34" ref-type="aff">34</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">65</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Greene</surname>
<given-names>Mark H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff35" ref-type="aff">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rennert</surname>
<given-names>Gad</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lejbkowicz</surname>
<given-names>Flavio</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barnett-Griness</surname>
<given-names>Ofra</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff36" ref-type="aff">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andrulis</surname>
<given-names>Irene L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">37</xref>
<xref rid="aff38" ref-type="aff">38</xref>
<xref rid="aff39" ref-type="aff">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ozcelik</surname>
<given-names>Hilmi</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff38" ref-type="aff">38</xref>
<xref rid="aff39" ref-type="aff">39</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>OCGN</collab>
<xref rid="aff37" ref-type="aff">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gerdes</surname>
<given-names>Anne-Marie</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff40" ref-type="aff">40</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Caligo</surname>
<given-names>Maria A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff41" ref-type="aff">41</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laitman</surname>
<given-names>Yael</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaufman</surname>
<given-names>Bella</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff43" ref-type="aff">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milgrom</surname>
<given-names>Roni</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">42</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Friedman</surname>
<given-names>Eitan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff42" ref-type="aff">42</xref>
<xref rid="aff43" ref-type="aff">43</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The Swedish <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
study collaborators</collab>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Domchek</surname>
<given-names>Susan M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff45" ref-type="aff">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nathanson</surname>
<given-names>Katherine L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff45" ref-type="aff">45</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Osorio</surname>
<given-names>Ana</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff46" ref-type="aff">46</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Llort</surname>
<given-names>Gemma</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff47" ref-type="aff">47</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Milne</surname>
<given-names>Roger L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff48" ref-type="aff">48</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benítez</surname>
<given-names>Javier</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff46" ref-type="aff">46</xref>
<xref rid="aff48" ref-type="aff">48</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hamann</surname>
<given-names>Ute</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff49" ref-type="aff">49</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hogervorst</surname>
<given-names>Frans B.L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff50" ref-type="aff">50</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manders</surname>
<given-names>Peggy</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff51" ref-type="aff">51</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ligtenberg</surname>
<given-names>Marjolijn J.L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff52" ref-type="aff">52</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van den Ouweland</surname>
<given-names>Ans M.W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff53" ref-type="aff">53</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>The DNA-HEBON collaborators</collab>
<xref rid="aff44" ref-type="aff">44</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peock</surname>
<given-names>Susan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cook</surname>
<given-names>Margaret</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Platte</surname>
<given-names>Radka</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname>
<given-names>D. Gareth</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff54" ref-type="aff">54</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eeles</surname>
<given-names>Rosalind</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff55" ref-type="aff">55</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pichert</surname>
<given-names>Gabriella</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff56" ref-type="aff">56</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chu</surname>
<given-names>Carol</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff57" ref-type="aff">57</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eccles</surname>
<given-names>Diana</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff58" ref-type="aff">58</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davidson</surname>
<given-names>Rosemarie</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff59" ref-type="aff">59</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Douglas</surname>
<given-names>Fiona</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff60" ref-type="aff">60</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>EMBRACE</collab>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Godwin</surname>
<given-names>Andrew K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff25" ref-type="aff">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barjhoux</surname>
<given-names>Laure</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mazoyer</surname>
<given-names>Sylvie</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sobol</surname>
<given-names>Hagay</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">61</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bourdon</surname>
<given-names>Violaine</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">61</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eisinger</surname>
<given-names>François</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff61" ref-type="aff">61</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chompret</surname>
<given-names>Agnès</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff62" ref-type="aff">62</xref>
<xref rid="fn2" ref-type="fn">66</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Capoulade</surname>
<given-names>Corinne</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff63" ref-type="aff">63</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bressac-de Paillerets</surname>
<given-names>Brigitte</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff63" ref-type="aff">63</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lenoir</surname>
<given-names>Gilbert M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff63" ref-type="aff">63</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gauthier-Villars</surname>
<given-names>Marion</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff64" ref-type="aff">64</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houdayer</surname>
<given-names>Claude</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff64" ref-type="aff">64</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stoppa-Lyonnet</surname>
<given-names>Dominique</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff64" ref-type="aff">64</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>GEMO</collab>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chenevix-Trench</surname>
<given-names>Georgia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Easton</surname>
<given-names>Douglas F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>on behalf of CIMBA</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><addr-line><sup>1</sup>
Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><addr-line><sup>2</sup>
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><addr-line><sup>3</sup>
Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon/Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><addr-line><sup>4</sup>
Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Signalisation et Cancer, UMR5201 CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><addr-line><sup>5</sup>
Cancer Research UK, Human Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><addr-line><sup>6</sup>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Molecular Gynaeco-Oncology, University of Cologne, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><addr-line><sup>7</sup>
Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><addr-line><sup>8</sup>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Technical University, Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><addr-line><sup>9</sup>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><addr-line><sup>10</sup>
Institute of Human Genetics, Charite-University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><addr-line><sup>11</sup>
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><addr-line><sup>12</sup>
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><addr-line><sup>13</sup>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulm, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><addr-line><sup>14</sup>
Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15"><addr-line><sup>15</sup>
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16"><addr-line><sup>16</sup>
Canada Research Chair in Oncogenetics, Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec and Laval University</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17"><addr-line><sup>17</sup>
Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18"><addr-line><sup>18</sup>
Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19"><addr-line><sup>19</sup>
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20"><addr-line><sup>20</sup>
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21"><addr-line><sup>21</sup>
Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff22"><addr-line><sup>22</sup>
Fisher Center for Familial Cancer Research, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff23"><addr-line><sup>23</sup>
City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff24"><addr-line><sup>24</sup>
UCLA Schools of Medicine & Public Health, and the UCLA Familial Cancer Registry of the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff25"><addr-line><sup>25</sup>
Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff26"><addr-line><sup>26</sup>
University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff27"><addr-line><sup>27</sup>
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff28"><addr-line><sup>28</sup>
Baylor-Sammons Cancer Center, Dallas, Texas, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff29"><addr-line><sup>29</sup>
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff30"><addr-line><sup>30</sup>
Unit of Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori and IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff31"><addr-line><sup>31</sup>
Medical Genetics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff32"><addr-line><sup>32</sup>
Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff33"><addr-line><sup>33</sup>
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff34"><addr-line><sup>34</sup>
Laboratory of Population Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff35"><addr-line><sup>35</sup>
Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff36"><addr-line><sup>36</sup>
CHS National Cancer Control Center and Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff37"><addr-line><sup>37</sup>
Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Cancer Care Ontario, and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff38"><addr-line><sup>38</sup>
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff39"><addr-line><sup>39</sup>
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff40"><addr-line><sup>40</sup>
Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff41"><addr-line><sup>41</sup>
Division of Surgical, Molecular and Ultrastructural Pathology, Department of Oncology, University of Pisa and Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff42"><addr-line><sup>42</sup>
The Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff43"><addr-line><sup>43</sup>
Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff44"><addr-line><sup>44</sup>
See Acknowledgments</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff45"><addr-line><sup>45</sup>
Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff46"><addr-line><sup>46</sup>
Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff47"><addr-line><sup>47</sup>
Genetic Counselling Unit, Prevention and Cancer Control Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff48"><addr-line><sup>48</sup>
Genotyping Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff49"><addr-line><sup>49</sup>
Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff50"><addr-line><sup>50</sup>
Family Cancer Clinic, Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff51"><addr-line><sup>51</sup>
Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff52"><addr-line><sup>52</sup>
Department of Human Genetics and Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff53"><addr-line><sup>53</sup>
Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff54"><addr-line><sup>54</sup>
Academic Unit of Medical Genetics and Regional Genetics Service, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff55"><addr-line><sup>55</sup>
Translational Cancer Genetics Team, The Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff56"><addr-line><sup>56</sup>
Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff57"><addr-line><sup>57</sup>
Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff58"><addr-line><sup>58</sup>
Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff59"><addr-line><sup>59</sup>
Ferguson-Smith Centre for Clinical Genetics, Glasgow, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff60"><addr-line><sup>60</sup>
Institute of Human Genetics, Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff61"><addr-line><sup>61</sup>
INSERM UMR599, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Département d'Oncologie Génétique, Marseille 13275, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff62"><addr-line><sup>62</sup>
Oncological Genetics, Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff63"><addr-line><sup>63</sup>
CNRS FRE2939, Department of Genetics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff64"><addr-line><sup>64</sup>
Institut Curie, Genetics Department, Université Paris-Descartes, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>∗</label>
Corresponding author <email>antonis@srl.cam.ac.uk</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn1"><label>65</label>
<p>Present address: University of Miami, Sylvester Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn2"><label>66</label>
<p>Deceased.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>11</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>82</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>937</fpage>
<lpage>948</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>21</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>13</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2008 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All right reserved..</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2008</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>The American Society of Human Genetics</copyright-holder>
<license><p>This document may be redistributed and reused, subject to <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/authorsview.authors/supplementalterms1.0">certain conditions</ext-link>
.</p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Germline mutations in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
confer high risks of breast cancer. However, evidence suggests that these risks are modified by other genetic or environmental factors that cluster in families. A recent genome-wide association study has shown that common alleles at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <italic>FGFR2</italic>
(rs2981582), <italic>TNRC9</italic>
(rs3803662), and <italic>MAP3K1</italic>
(rs889312) are associated with increased breast cancer risks in the general population. To investigate whether these loci are also associated with breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers, we genotyped these SNPs in a sample of 10,358 mutation carriers from 23 studies. The minor alleles of SNP rs2981582 and rs889312 were each associated with increased breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers (per-allele hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.20–1.45, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 1.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup>
and HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.02–1.24, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 0.02) but not in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
carriers. rs3803662 was associated with increased breast cancer risk in both <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers (per-allele HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.06–1.20, p<sub>trend</sub>
= 5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>
in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and BRCA2 combined). These loci appear to interact multiplicatively on breast cancer risk in <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers. The differences in the effects of the <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>MAP3K1</italic>
SNPs between <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
carriers point to differences in the biology of <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
breast cancer tumors and confirm the distinct nature of breast cancer in <italic>BRCA1</italic>
mutation carriers.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-wrap><fig id="fig1"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Study-Specific Estimates of the Per-Allele Hazard Ratio for SNP rs2981582 in <italic>FGFR2</italic>
</p>
<p>The area of the square is proportional to the inverse of the variance of the estimate. Horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Study-Specific Estimates of the Per-Allele Hazard Ratio for SNP rs3803662 in <italic>TNRC9</italic>
</p>
<p>The area of the square is proportional to the inverse of the variance of the estimate. Horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr2"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>Study-Specific Estimates of the Per-Allele Hazard Ratio for SNP rs889312 in <italic>MAP3K1</italic>
</p>
<p>The area of the square is proportional to the inverse of the variance of the estimate. Horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr3"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig4"><label>Figure 4</label>
<caption><p>Cumulative Risk of Breast Cancer among <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Mutation Carriers by Combined <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>TNRC9</italic>
Genotype under a Multiplicative Model for the Joint Effects of the Loci</p>
<p>The combined <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>TNRC9</italic>
genotypes are as follows: <italic>FGFR2</italic>
= GG, GA, or AA; <italic>TNRC9</italic>
= CC, CT, or TT. “Average” represents the cumulative breast cancer risk over all possible modifying effects among <italic>BRCA2</italic>
mutation carriers born after 1950. The minor allele frequencies for the <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>TNRC9</italic>
SNPs were assumed to be 0.39 and 0.26, respectively.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="gr4"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl1"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Number of <italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Mutation Carriers by Study</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Study</th>
<th>Country<xref rid="tblfn1" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>
</th>
<th>BRCA1</th>
<th>BRCA2</th>
<th>BRCA1 and BRCA2</th>
<th>Genotyping platform</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>EMBRACE</td>
<td>U.K. and Eire</td>
<td>658</td>
<td>471</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO)</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>167</td>
<td>205</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>122</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman, MALDI-TOF MS, Biplex</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC)</td>
<td>U.S.A.</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>41</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Genetic Modifiers of cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (GEMO)</td>
<td>France</td>
<td>1102</td>
<td>554</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>German Consortium of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC)</td>
<td>Germany</td>
<td>568</td>
<td>280</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>BIORAD iCycler</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Hospital Clinico San Carlos (HCSC)</td>
<td>Spain</td>
<td>90</td>
<td>78</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Helsinki Breast Cancer Study (HBCS)</td>
<td>Finland</td>
<td>102</td>
<td>104</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>In</italic>
terdisciplinary <italic>He</italic>
alth <italic>R</italic>
esearch <italic>I</italic>
nternational <italic>T</italic>
eam <italic>Br</italic>
east <italic>Ca</italic>
ncer <italic>S</italic>
usceptibility (INHERIT BRCAs)</td>
<td>Quebec-Canada</td>
<td>72</td>
<td>82</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>kConFab</td>
<td>Australia</td>
<td>426</td>
<td>353</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Modifiers and Genetics in Cancer (MAGIC)</td>
<td>U.S.A.</td>
<td>683</td>
<td>378</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>MAYO</td>
<td>U.S.A.</td>
<td>108</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Milan Breast Cancer Study Group (MBCSG)</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>251</td>
<td>135</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>National Cancer Institute (NCI)</td>
<td>U.S.A.</td>
<td>147</td>
<td>50</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>National Israeli Cancer Control Center (NICCC)</td>
<td>Israel</td>
<td>283</td>
<td>160</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Ontario Cancer Genetics Network (OCGN)</td>
<td>Canada</td>
<td>195</td>
<td>143</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Odense University Hospital(OUH)</td>
<td>Denmark</td>
<td>106</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Pisa Breast Cancer Study (PBCS)</td>
<td>Italy</td>
<td>54</td>
<td>30</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Sheeba Medical Centre (SMC)-Tel Hashomer</td>
<td>Israel</td>
<td>283</td>
<td>101</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Taqman</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>SWE-BRCA</td>
<td>Sweden</td>
<td>426</td>
<td>127</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Mod-SQuaD</td>
<td>Czech Republic</td>
<td>138</td>
<td>37</td>
<td>0</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>University of Pennsylvania (UPENN)</td>
<td>U.S.A.</td>
<td>271</td>
<td>124</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HEriditary Breast and Ovarian study Netherlands (DNA-HEBON)</td>
<td>The Netherlands</td>
<td>489</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>iPLEX<xref rid="tblfn2" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Total</td>
<td></td>
<td>6791</td>
<td>3557</td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn1"><label>a</label>
<p>Coordinating center.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn2"><label>b</label>
<p>Indicates that samples were genotyped at a central location (Queensland Institute of Medical Research).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl2"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Patient Characteristics</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th>
<th></th>
<th colspan="2"><italic>BRCA1</italic>
<xref rid="tblfn3" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>
<hr></hr>
</th>
<th colspan="2"><italic>BRCA2</italic>
<hr></hr>
</th>
</tr>
<tr><th>Characteristic</th>
<th>Total</th>
<th>Unaffected</th>
<th>Breast Cancer</th>
<th>Unaffected</th>
<th>Breast Cancer</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>Number</td>
<td>10,358</td>
<td>3300</td>
<td>3501</td>
<td>1574</td>
<td>1983</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Person-years follow-up</td>
<td>440,252</td>
<td>140,541</td>
<td>14,2734</td>
<td>69,778</td>
<td>87,199</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Median age at censure (IQR)</td>
<td>41 (34–49)</td>
<td>41 (33–50)</td>
<td>40 (34–46)</td>
<td>43 (34–52)</td>
<td>43 (37–50)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6">Age at Censure, N (%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><30</td>
<td align="char">1222 (10.8)</td>
<td align="char">499 (15.1)</td>
<td align="char">320 (9.1)</td>
<td align="char">196 (12.5)</td>
<td align="char">107 (5.4)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>30–39</td>
<td align="char">3436 (33.2)</td>
<td align="char">958 (29.0)</td>
<td align="char">1416 (40.5)</td>
<td align="char">443 (28.1)</td>
<td align="char">619 (31.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>40–49</td>
<td align="char">3305 (31.9)</td>
<td align="char">946 (28.7)</td>
<td align="char">1200 (12.1)</td>
<td align="char">428 (27.2)</td>
<td align="char">731 (36.9)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>50–59</td>
<td align="char">1683 (16.3)</td>
<td align="char">584 (17.7)</td>
<td align="char">423 (12.1)</td>
<td align="char">295 (18.7)</td>
<td align="char">381 (19.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>60–69</td>
<td align="char">562 (5.4)</td>
<td align="char">208 (6.3)</td>
<td align="char">109 (3.1)</td>
<td align="char">135 (8.6)</td>
<td align="char">110 (5.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>70+</td>
<td align="char">250 (2.4)</td>
<td align="char">105 (3.2)</td>
<td align="char">33 (0.9)</td>
<td align="char">77 (4.9)</td>
<td align="char">35 (1.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6">Year of Birth, N (%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><1920</td>
<td align="char">92 (0.9)</td>
<td align="char">25 (0.8)</td>
<td align="char">32 (0.9)</td>
<td align="char">20 (1.3)</td>
<td align="char">15 (0.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>1920–1929</td>
<td align="char">383 (3.7)</td>
<td align="char">93 (2.8)</td>
<td align="char">140 (4.0)</td>
<td align="char">48 (3.0)</td>
<td align="char">102 (5.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>1930–1939</td>
<td align="char">963 (9.3)</td>
<td align="char">246 (7.4)</td>
<td align="char">335 (9.6)</td>
<td align="char">138 (8.8)</td>
<td align="char">244 (12.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>1940–1949</td>
<td align="char">2066 (20.0)</td>
<td align="char">511 (15.5)</td>
<td align="char">836 (23.9)</td>
<td align="char">228 (14.5)</td>
<td align="char">491 (24.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>1950–1959</td>
<td align="char">2913 (28.1)</td>
<td align="char">804 (24.4)</td>
<td align="char">1,122 (32.0)</td>
<td align="char">368 (23.4)</td>
<td align="char">619 (31.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>1960+</td>
<td align="char">3741 (38.0)</td>
<td align="char">1,621 (49.1)</td>
<td align="char">1,036 (29.6)</td>
<td align="char">772 (49.0)</td>
<td align="char">512 (25.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6">Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy (RRSO)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="6"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>No RRSO</td>
<td align="char">6613 (63.8)</td>
<td align="char">2,032 (61.6)</td>
<td align="char">2369 (67.7)</td>
<td align="char">928 (59.0)</td>
<td align="char">1284 (64.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>RRSO</td>
<td align="char">577 (5.6)</td>
<td align="char">318 (9.6)</td>
<td align="char">85 (2.4)</td>
<td align="char">119 (7.6)</td>
<td align="char">55 (2.8)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Missing</td>
<td align="char">3168 (30.6)</td>
<td align="char">950 (28.8)</td>
<td align="char">1047 (29.9)</td>
<td align="char">527 (33.4)</td>
<td align="char">644 (32.5)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>IQR: Interquartile range.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn3"><label>a</label>
<p>Includes the ten females who have mutations in both BRCA1 and BRCA2.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl3"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Genotype Frequencies by Mutation and Disease Status and Hazard-Ratio Estimates</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th>
<th></th>
<th>Unaffected (%)</th>
<th>Affected (%)</th>
<th>HR<xref rid="tblfn4" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>
</th>
<th>95% CI</th>
<th>p Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td colspan="7"><italic>FGFR2</italic>
rs2981582</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
</td>
<td>GG</td>
<td align="char">1547 (36.0)</td>
<td align="char">1647 (33.0)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>GA</td>
<td align="char">2051 (47.7)</td>
<td align="char">2407 (48.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.10</td>
<td align="char">1.01–1.20</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">703 (16.3)</td>
<td align="char">936 (18.8)</td>
<td align="char">1.24</td>
<td align="char">1.11–1.38</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00045</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.11</td>
<td align="char">1.05–1.17</td>
<td>0.000095</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA1</italic>
</td>
<td>GG</td>
<td align="char">1021 (35.5)</td>
<td align="char">1114 (35.3)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>GA</td>
<td align="char">1376 (47.9)</td>
<td align="char">1487 (47.2)</td>
<td align="char">0.99</td>
<td align="char">0.89–1.10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">477 (16.6)</td>
<td align="char">553 (17.5)</td>
<td align="char">1.05</td>
<td align="char">0.92–1.20</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.65</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.02</td>
<td align="char">0.95–1.09</td>
<td>0.60</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA2</italic>
</td>
<td>GG</td>
<td align="char">526 (36.9)</td>
<td align="char">533 (29.0)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>GA</td>
<td align="char">675 (47.3)</td>
<td align="char">920 (50.1)</td>
<td align="char">1.35</td>
<td align="char">1.17–1.57</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">226 (15.8)</td>
<td align="char">383 (20.9)</td>
<td align="char">1.72</td>
<td align="char">1.41–2.09</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>9.9 × 10<sup>−8</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.32</td>
<td align="char">1.20–1.45</td>
<td>1.7 × 10<sup>−8</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><italic>TNRC9</italic>
rs3803662</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>BRCA1 and BRCA2</td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">2244 (50.3)</td>
<td align="char">2422 (47.6)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CT</td>
<td align="char">1831 (41.1)</td>
<td align="char">2173 (42.7)</td>
<td align="char">1.13</td>
<td align="char">1.04–1.22</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>TT</td>
<td align="char">382 (8.6)</td>
<td align="char">497 (9.7)</td>
<td align="char">1.28</td>
<td align="char">1.11–1.46</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.00027</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.13</td>
<td align="char">1.06–1.20</td>
<td>5 × 10<sup>−5</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA1</italic>
</td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">1542 (50.9)</td>
<td align="char">1571 (48.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CT</td>
<td align="char">1238 (40.8)</td>
<td align="char">1384 (42.4)</td>
<td align="char">1.11</td>
<td align="char">1.01–1.22</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>TT</td>
<td align="char">251 (8.3)</td>
<td align="char">308 (9.4)</td>
<td align="char">1.24</td>
<td align="char">1.04–1.46</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.017</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.11</td>
<td align="char">1.03–1.19</td>
<td>0.0043</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA2</italic>
</td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">702 (49.2)</td>
<td align="char">851 (46.5)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CT</td>
<td align="char">593 (41.6)</td>
<td align="char">789 (43.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.15</td>
<td align="char">1.00–1.32</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>TT</td>
<td align="char">131 (9.2)</td>
<td align="char">189 (10.3)</td>
<td align="char">1.32</td>
<td>1.04-1.67</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.033</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.15</td>
<td align="char">1.03–1.27</td>
<td>0.009</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><italic>MAP3K1</italic>
rs889312</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="7"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA1</italic>
and <italic>BRCA2</italic>
</td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">2440 (50.5)</td>
<td align="char">2711 (49.9)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AC</td>
<td align="char">1963 (40.7)</td>
<td align="char">2195 (40.4)</td>
<td align="char">1.02</td>
<td align="char">0.94–1.10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">426 (8.8)</td>
<td align="char">530 (9.8)</td>
<td align="char">1.08</td>
<td align="char">0.95–1.22</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.53</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.03</td>
<td align="char">0.97–1.09</td>
<td>0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA1</italic>
</td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">1637 (50.0)</td>
<td align="char">1743 (50.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AC</td>
<td align="char">1329 (40.6)</td>
<td align="char">1394 (40.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td align="char">0.91–1.09</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">306 (9.4)</td>
<td align="char">332 (9.6)</td>
<td align="char">0.98</td>
<td align="char">0.84–1.15</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.98</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">0.99</td>
<td align="char">0.93–1.06</td>
<td>0.86</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><italic>BRCA2</italic>
</td>
<td>AA</td>
<td align="char">803 (51.6)</td>
<td align="char">968 (49.2)</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>AC</td>
<td align="char">634 (40.7)</td>
<td align="char">801 (40.7)</td>
<td align="char">1.08</td>
<td align="char">0.94–1.24</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>CC</td>
<td align="char">120 (7.7)</td>
<td align="char">198 (10.1)</td>
<td align="char">1.32</td>
<td align="char">1.05–1.66</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>2-df test</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td>0.049</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>Per allele</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td align="char">1.12</td>
<td align="char">1.02–1.24</td>
<td>0.020</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn4"><label>a</label>
<p>In all cases, where significant, the effect is consistent with a multiplicative model in which each copy of the disease allele confers the estimated, per-allele HR.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap position="float" id="tbl4"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>HR Estimates for the Combined Genotypes of SNPs in <italic>FGFR2</italic>
and <italic>TNRC9</italic>
among <italic>BRCA2</italic>
Carriers under a Multiplicative Model and under a Fully Saturated Model</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tbody><tr><td>FGFR2/TNRC9 Genotype</td>
<td>HR Multiplicative Model<xref rid="tblfn5" ref-type="table-fn">a</xref>
</td>
<td>HR Fully Saturated Model</td>
<td>Predicted Genotype Distribution<xref rid="tblfn6" ref-type="table-fn">b</xref>
(%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="4"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GG/CC</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td align="char">1.00</td>
<td align="char">20.4</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GG/CT</td>
<td align="char">1.16</td>
<td align="char">1.05</td>
<td align="char">14.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GG/TT</td>
<td align="char">1.35</td>
<td align="char">1.23</td>
<td align="char">2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GA/CC</td>
<td align="char">1.29</td>
<td align="char">1.25</td>
<td align="char">26.1</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GA/CT</td>
<td align="char">1.50</td>
<td align="char">1.44</td>
<td align="char">18.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>GA/TT</td>
<td align="char">1.75</td>
<td align="char">1.72</td>
<td align="char">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>AA/CC</td>
<td align="char">1.67</td>
<td align="char">1.41</td>
<td align="char">8.3</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>AA/CT</td>
<td align="char">1.94</td>
<td align="char">2.08</td>
<td align="char">5.9</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>AA/TT</td>
<td align="char">2.26</td>
<td align="char">2.08</td>
<td align="char">1.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn5"><label>a</label>
<p>Multiplicative model, per-allele HRs. <italic>FGFR2</italic>
: 1.29 (95%CI: 1.17–1.43); <italic>TNRC9</italic>
: 1.16 (95%CI: 1.04–1.30).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tblfn6"><label>b</label>
<p>Assuming a minor allele frequency of 0.39 for <italic>FGFR2</italic>
(rs rs2981582) and 0.26 for <italic>TNRC9</italic>
(rs rs3803662).<xref rid="bib10" ref-type="bibr"><sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-wrap>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Andrulis, Irene L" sort="Andrulis, Irene L" uniqKey="Andrulis I" first="Irene L." last="Andrulis">Irene L. Andrulis</name>
<name sortKey="Antoniou, Antonis C" sort="Antoniou, Antonis C" uniqKey="Antoniou A" first="Antonis C." last="Antoniou">Antonis C. Antoniou</name>
<name sortKey="Arnold, Norbert" sort="Arnold, Norbert" uniqKey="Arnold N" first="Norbert" last="Arnold">Norbert Arnold</name>
<name sortKey="Barile, Monica" sort="Barile, Monica" uniqKey="Barile M" first="Monica" last="Barile">Monica Barile</name>
<name sortKey="Barjhoux, Laure" sort="Barjhoux, Laure" uniqKey="Barjhoux L" first="Laure" last="Barjhoux">Laure Barjhoux</name>
<name sortKey="Barnett Griness, Ofra" sort="Barnett Griness, Ofra" uniqKey="Barnett Griness O" first="Ofra" last="Barnett-Griness">Ofra Barnett-Griness</name>
<name sortKey="Beesley, Jonathan" sort="Beesley, Jonathan" uniqKey="Beesley J" first="Jonathan" last="Beesley">Jonathan Beesley</name>
<name sortKey="Benitez, Javier" sort="Benitez, Javier" uniqKey="Benitez J" first="Javier" last="Benítez">Javier Benítez</name>
<name sortKey="Blum, Joanne L" sort="Blum, Joanne L" uniqKey="Blum J" first="Joanne L." last="Blum">Joanne L. Blum</name>
<name sortKey="Bourdon, Violaine" sort="Bourdon, Violaine" uniqKey="Bourdon V" first="Violaine" last="Bourdon">Violaine Bourdon</name>
<name sortKey="Bressac De Paillerets, Brigitte" sort="Bressac De Paillerets, Brigitte" uniqKey="Bressac De Paillerets B" first="Brigitte" last="Bressac-De Paillerets">Brigitte Bressac-De Paillerets</name>
<name sortKey="Caldes, Trinidad" sort="Caldes, Trinidad" uniqKey="Caldes T" first="Trinidad" last="Caldes">Trinidad Caldes</name>
<name sortKey="Caligo, Maria A" sort="Caligo, Maria A" uniqKey="Caligo M" first="Maria A." last="Caligo">Maria A. Caligo</name>
<name sortKey="Capoulade, Corinne" sort="Capoulade, Corinne" uniqKey="Capoulade C" first="Corinne" last="Capoulade">Corinne Capoulade</name>
<name sortKey="Chen, Xiaoqing" sort="Chen, Xiaoqing" uniqKey="Chen X" first="Xiaoqing" last="Chen">Xiaoqing Chen</name>
<name sortKey="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" sort="Chenevix Trench, Georgia" uniqKey="Chenevix Trench G" first="Georgia" last="Chenevix-Trench">Georgia Chenevix-Trench</name>
<name sortKey="Chompret, Agnes" sort="Chompret, Agnes" uniqKey="Chompret A" first="Agnès" last="Chompret">Agnès Chompret</name>
<name sortKey="Chu, Carol" sort="Chu, Carol" uniqKey="Chu C" first="Carol" last="Chu">Carol Chu</name>
<name sortKey="Cook, Margaret" sort="Cook, Margaret" uniqKey="Cook M" first="Margaret" last="Cook">Margaret Cook</name>
<name sortKey="Couch, Fergus J" sort="Couch, Fergus J" uniqKey="Couch F" first="Fergus J." last="Couch">Fergus J. Couch</name>
<name sortKey="Daly, Mary B" sort="Daly, Mary B" uniqKey="Daly M" first="Mary B." last="Daly">Mary B. Daly</name>
<name sortKey="Davidson, Rosemarie" sort="Davidson, Rosemarie" uniqKey="Davidson R" first="Rosemarie" last="Davidson">Rosemarie Davidson</name>
<name sortKey="Deissler, Helmut" sort="Deissler, Helmut" uniqKey="Deissler H" first="Helmut" last="Deissler">Helmut Deissler</name>
<name sortKey="Domchek, Susan M" sort="Domchek, Susan M" uniqKey="Domchek S" first="Susan M." last="Domchek">Susan M. Domchek</name>
<name sortKey="Douglas, Fiona" sort="Douglas, Fiona" uniqKey="Douglas F" first="Fiona" last="Douglas">Fiona Douglas</name>
<name sortKey="Easton, Douglas F" sort="Easton, Douglas F" uniqKey="Easton D" first="Douglas F." last="Easton">Douglas F. Easton</name>
<name sortKey="Eccles, Diana" sort="Eccles, Diana" uniqKey="Eccles D" first="Diana" last="Eccles">Diana Eccles</name>
<name sortKey="Eeles, Rosalind" sort="Eeles, Rosalind" uniqKey="Eeles R" first="Rosalind" last="Eeles">Rosalind Eeles</name>
<name sortKey="Eisinger, Francois" sort="Eisinger, Francois" uniqKey="Eisinger F" first="François" last="Eisinger">François Eisinger</name>
<name sortKey="Engel, Christoph" sort="Engel, Christoph" uniqKey="Engel C" first="Christoph" last="Engel">Christoph Engel</name>
<name sortKey="Evans, D Gareth" sort="Evans, D Gareth" uniqKey="Evans D" first="D. Gareth" last="Evans">D. Gareth Evans</name>
<name sortKey="Friedman, Eitan" sort="Friedman, Eitan" uniqKey="Friedman E" first="Eitan" last="Friedman">Eitan Friedman</name>
<name sortKey="Ganz, Patricia A" sort="Ganz, Patricia A" uniqKey="Ganz P" first="Patricia A." last="Ganz">Patricia A. Ganz</name>
<name sortKey="Gauthier Villars, Marion" sort="Gauthier Villars, Marion" uniqKey="Gauthier Villars M" first="Marion" last="Gauthier-Villars">Marion Gauthier-Villars</name>
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<name sortKey="Hogervorst, Frans B L" sort="Hogervorst, Frans B L" uniqKey="Hogervorst F" first="Frans B. L." last="Hogervorst">Frans B. L. Hogervorst</name>
<name sortKey="Houdayer, Claude" sort="Houdayer, Claude" uniqKey="Houdayer C" first="Claude" last="Houdayer">Claude Houdayer</name>
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<name sortKey="K Mpj Rvi, Kati" sort="K Mpj Rvi, Kati" uniqKey="K Mpj Rvi K" first="Kati" last="K Mpj Rvi">Kati K Mpj Rvi</name>
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<name sortKey="Nathanson, Katherine L" sort="Nathanson, Katherine L" uniqKey="Nathanson K" first="Katherine L." last="Nathanson">Katherine L. Nathanson</name>
<name sortKey="Neuhausen, Susan L" sort="Neuhausen, Susan L" uniqKey="Neuhausen S" first="Susan L." last="Neuhausen">Susan L. Neuhausen</name>
<name sortKey="Nevanlinna, Heli" sort="Nevanlinna, Heli" uniqKey="Nevanlinna H" first="Heli" last="Nevanlinna">Heli Nevanlinna</name>
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<name sortKey="Radice, Paolo" sort="Radice, Paolo" uniqKey="Radice P" first="Paolo" last="Radice">Paolo Radice</name>
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<name sortKey="Van Den Ouweland, Ans M W" sort="Van Den Ouweland, Ans M W" uniqKey="Van Den Ouweland A" first="Ans M. W." last="Van Den Ouweland">Ans M. W. Van Den Ouweland</name>
<name sortKey="Versmold, Beatrix" sort="Versmold, Beatrix" uniqKey="Versmold B" first="Beatrix" last="Versmold">Beatrix Versmold</name>
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<name sortKey="Weitzel, Jeffrey" sort="Weitzel, Jeffrey" uniqKey="Weitzel J" first="Jeffrey" last="Weitzel">Jeffrey Weitzel</name>
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</tree>
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</record>
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