Emergence of New Norovirus Variants on Spring Cruise Ships and Prediction of Winter Epidemics
Identifieur interne : 000341 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000340; suivant : 000342Emergence of New Norovirus Variants on Spring Cruise Ships and Prediction of Winter Epidemics
Auteurs : Linda Verhoef [Pays-Bas] ; Evelyn Depoortere [Suède] ; Ingeborg Boxman [Pays-Bas] ; Erwin Duizer [Pays-Bas] ; Yvonne Van Duynhoven [Pays-Bas] ; John Harris [Royaume-Uni] ; Christina Johnsen [Danemark] ; Annelies Kroneman [Pays-Bas] ; Soizick Le Guyader [France] ; Wilina Lim [République populaire de Chine] ; Leena Maunula [Finlande] ; Hege Meldal [Norvège] ; Rod Ratcliff [Australie] ; Gábor Reuter [Hongrie] ; Eckart Schreier [Allemagne] ; Joukje Siebenga [Pays-Bas] ; Kirsti Vainio [Norvège] ; Carmen Varela [Espagne] ; Harry Vennema [Pays-Bas] ; Marion Koopmans [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Emerging Infectious Diseases [ 1080-6040 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
A reporting system could provide early warning.
Url:
DOI: 10.3201/eid1402.061567
PubMed: 18258116
PubMed Central: 2600213
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xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Laboratory Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maunula, Leena" sort="Maunula, Leena" uniqKey="Maunula L" first="Leena" last="Maunula">Leena Maunula</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8">University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meldal, Hege" sort="Meldal, Hege" uniqKey="Meldal H" first="Hege" last="Meldal">Hege Meldal</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 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Hungary</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Baranya County Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pécs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreier, Eckart" sort="Schreier, Eckart" uniqKey="Schreier E" first="Eckart" last="Schreier">Eckart Schreier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebenga, Joukje" sort="Siebenga, Joukje" uniqKey="Siebenga J" first="Joukje" last="Siebenga">Joukje Siebenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vainio, Kirsti" sort="Vainio, Kirsti" uniqKey="Vainio K" first="Kirsti" last="Vainio">Kirsti Vainio</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varela, Carmen" sort="Varela, Carmen" uniqKey="Varela C" first="Carmen" last="Varela">Carmen Varela</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 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Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">18258116</idno><idno type="pmc">2600213</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600213</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2600213</idno><idno type="doi">10.3201/eid1402.061567</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001504</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001504</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001364</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001364</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002A11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002A11</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000341</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Emergence of New Norovirus Variants on Spring Cruise Ships and Prediction of Winter Epidemics</title><author><name sortKey="Verhoef, Linda" sort="Verhoef, Linda" uniqKey="Verhoef L" first="Linda" last="Verhoef">Linda Verhoef</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Depoortere, Evelyn" sort="Depoortere, Evelyn" uniqKey="Depoortere E" first="Evelyn" last="Depoortere">Evelyn Depoortere</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><region nuts="2">Svealand</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boxman, Ingeborg" sort="Boxman, Ingeborg" uniqKey="Boxman I" first="Ingeborg" last="Boxman">Ingeborg Boxman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Zutphen, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Zutphen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Zutphen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duizer, Erwin" sort="Duizer, Erwin" uniqKey="Duizer E" first="Erwin" last="Duizer">Erwin Duizer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Duynhoven, Yvonne" sort="Van Duynhoven, Yvonne" uniqKey="Van Duynhoven Y" first="Yvonne" last="Van Duynhoven">Yvonne Van Duynhoven</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, John" sort="Harris, John" uniqKey="Harris J" first="John" last="Harris">John Harris</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Health Protection Agency, London, England</nlm:aff><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Health Protection Agency, London</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsen, Christina" sort="Johnsen, Christina" uniqKey="Johnsen C" first="Christina" last="Johnsen">Christina Johnsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kroneman, Annelies" sort="Kroneman, Annelies" uniqKey="Kroneman A" first="Annelies" last="Kroneman">Annelies Kroneman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Guyader, Soizick" sort="Le Guyader, Soizick" uniqKey="Le Guyader S" first="Soizick" last="Le Guyader">Soizick Le Guyader</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Pays de la Loire</region><region type="old region">Pays de la Loire</region><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, Wilina" sort="Lim, Wilina" uniqKey="Lim W" first="Wilina" last="Lim">Wilina Lim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Public Health Laboratory Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Laboratory Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maunula, Leena" sort="Maunula, Leena" uniqKey="Maunula L" first="Leena" last="Maunula">Leena Maunula</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff8">University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Helsinki, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'Helsinki</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Helsinki</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Uusimaa</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meldal, Hege" sort="Meldal, Hege" uniqKey="Meldal H" first="Hege" last="Meldal">Hege Meldal</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ratcliff, Rod" sort="Ratcliff, Rod" uniqKey="Ratcliff R" first="Rod" last="Ratcliff">Rod Ratcliff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reuter, Gabor" sort="Reuter, Gabor" uniqKey="Reuter G" first="Gábor" last="Reuter">Gábor Reuter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Baranya County Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country><wicri:regionArea>Baranya County Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pécs</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schreier, Eckart" sort="Schreier, Eckart" uniqKey="Schreier E" first="Eckart" last="Schreier">Eckart Schreier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Robert Koch Institute, Berlin</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region><settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebenga, Joukje" sort="Siebenga, Joukje" uniqKey="Siebenga J" first="Joukje" last="Siebenga">Joukje Siebenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vainio, Kirsti" sort="Vainio, Kirsti" uniqKey="Vainio K" first="Kirsti" last="Vainio">Kirsti Vainio</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Oslo</settlement><region nuts="2">Østlandet</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varela, Carmen" sort="Varela, Carmen" uniqKey="Varela C" first="Carmen" last="Varela">Carmen Varela</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vennema, Harry" sort="Vennema, Harry" uniqKey="Vennema H" first="Harry" last="Vennema">Harry Vennema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koopmans, Marion" sort="Koopmans, Marion" uniqKey="Koopmans M" first="Marion" last="Koopmans">Marion Koopmans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Emerging Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1080-6040</idno><idno type="eISSN">1080-6059</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A reporting system could provide early warning.</p></div></front><back><div1 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Emerg Infect Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">EID</journal-id><journal-title>Emerging Infectious Diseases</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">1080-6040</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1080-6059</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18258116</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2600213</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">06-1567</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3201/eid1402.061567</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Emergence of New Norovirus Variants on Spring Cruise Ships and Prediction of Winter Epidemics</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">New Norovirus Variants on Spring Cruise Ships and Prediction of Winter Epidemics</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">New Norovirus Variants on Cruise Ships</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Verhoef</surname><given-names>Linda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Depoortere</surname><given-names>Evelyn</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">†</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boxman</surname><given-names>Ingeborg</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duizer</surname><given-names>Erwin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Duynhoven</surname><given-names>Yvonne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnsen</surname><given-names>Christina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">¶</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kroneman</surname><given-names>Annelies</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Le Guyader</surname><given-names>Soizick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">#</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lim</surname><given-names>Wilina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">**</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maunula</surname><given-names>Leena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">††</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meldal</surname><given-names>Hege</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">‡‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ratcliff</surname><given-names>Rod</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">§§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reuter</surname><given-names>Gábor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">¶¶</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schreier</surname><given-names>Eckart</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">##</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Siebenga</surname><given-names>Joukje</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vainio</surname><given-names>Kirsti</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">‡‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Varela</surname><given-names>Carmen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">***</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vennema</surname><given-names>Harry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koopmans</surname><given-names>Marion</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>on behalf of the Food Borne Viruses in Europe Network</collab></contrib><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref><aff id="aff1"><label>*</label>Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>†</label>European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>‡</label>Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Zutphen, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>§</label>Health Protection Agency, London, England</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>¶</label>Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>#</label>Institut Français pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>**</label>Public Health Laboratory Centre, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>††</label>University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>‡‡</label>Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>§§</label>Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>¶¶</label>Baranya County Institute of State Public Health Service, Pécs, Hungary</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>##</label>Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany</aff><aff id="aff13"><label>***</label>Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address for correspondence: Linda Verhoef, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Postbak 22, PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; email: <email xlink:href="linda.verhoef@rivm.nl">linda.verhoef@rivm.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>238</fpage><lpage>243</lpage><abstract abstract-type="toc"><p>A reporting system could provide early warning.</p></abstract><abstract><p>In June 2006, reported outbreaks of norovirus on cruise ships suddenly increased; 43 outbreaks occurred on 13 vessels. All outbreaks investigated manifested person-to-person transmission. Detection of a point source was impossible because of limited investigation of initial outbreaks and data sharing. The most probable explanation for these outbreaks is increased norovirus activity in the community, which coincided with the emergence of 2 new GGII.4 variant strains in Europe and the Pacific. As in 2002, a new GGII.4 variant detected in the spring and summer corresponded with high norovirus activity in the subsequent winter. Because outbreaks on cruise ships are likely to occur when new variants circulate, an active reporting system could function as an early warning system. Internationally accepted guidelines are needed for reporting, investigating, and controlling norovirus illness on cruise ships in Europe.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author" xml:lang="EN"><title>Keywords: </title><kwd>Norovirus</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>virology</kwd><kwd>outbreaks</kwd><kwd>transmission</kwd><kwd>gastroenteritis</kwd><kwd>communicable diseases</kwd><kwd>surveillance</kwd><kwd>ships</kwd><kwd>research</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li><li>Finlande</li><li>France</li><li>Hongrie</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Suède</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Berlin</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Hovedstaden</li><li>Pays de la Loire</li><li>Svealand</li><li>Uusimaa</li><li>Østlandet</li></region><settlement><li>Berlin</li><li>Copenhague</li><li>Helsinki</li><li>Madrid</li><li>Nantes</li><li>Oslo</li><li>Stockholm</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Helsinki</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Verhoef, Linda" sort="Verhoef, Linda" uniqKey="Verhoef L" first="Linda" last="Verhoef">Linda Verhoef</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Boxman, Ingeborg" sort="Boxman, Ingeborg" uniqKey="Boxman I" first="Ingeborg" last="Boxman">Ingeborg Boxman</name><name sortKey="Duizer, Erwin" sort="Duizer, Erwin" uniqKey="Duizer E" first="Erwin" last="Duizer">Erwin Duizer</name><name sortKey="Koopmans, Marion" sort="Koopmans, Marion" uniqKey="Koopmans M" first="Marion" last="Koopmans">Marion Koopmans</name><name sortKey="Kroneman, Annelies" sort="Kroneman, Annelies" uniqKey="Kroneman A" first="Annelies" last="Kroneman">Annelies Kroneman</name><name sortKey="Siebenga, Joukje" sort="Siebenga, Joukje" uniqKey="Siebenga J" first="Joukje" last="Siebenga">Joukje Siebenga</name><name sortKey="Van Duynhoven, Yvonne" sort="Van Duynhoven, Yvonne" uniqKey="Van Duynhoven Y" first="Yvonne" last="Van Duynhoven">Yvonne Van Duynhoven</name><name sortKey="Vennema, Harry" sort="Vennema, Harry" uniqKey="Vennema H" first="Harry" last="Vennema">Harry Vennema</name></country><country name="Suède"><region name="Svealand"><name sortKey="Depoortere, Evelyn" sort="Depoortere, Evelyn" uniqKey="Depoortere E" first="Evelyn" last="Depoortere">Evelyn Depoortere</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Harris, John" sort="Harris, John" uniqKey="Harris J" first="John" last="Harris">John Harris</name></region></country><country name="Danemark"><region name="Hovedstaden"><name sortKey="Johnsen, Christina" sort="Johnsen, Christina" uniqKey="Johnsen C" first="Christina" last="Johnsen">Christina Johnsen</name></region></country><country name="France"><region name="Pays de la Loire"><name sortKey="Le Guyader, Soizick" sort="Le Guyader, Soizick" uniqKey="Le Guyader S" first="Soizick" last="Le Guyader">Soizick Le Guyader</name></region></country><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lim, Wilina" sort="Lim, Wilina" uniqKey="Lim W" first="Wilina" last="Lim">Wilina Lim</name></noRegion></country><country name="Finlande"><region name="Uusimaa"><name sortKey="Maunula, Leena" sort="Maunula, Leena" uniqKey="Maunula L" first="Leena" last="Maunula">Leena Maunula</name></region></country><country name="Norvège"><region name="Østlandet"><name sortKey="Meldal, Hege" sort="Meldal, Hege" uniqKey="Meldal H" first="Hege" last="Meldal">Hege Meldal</name></region><name sortKey="Vainio, Kirsti" sort="Vainio, Kirsti" uniqKey="Vainio K" first="Kirsti" last="Vainio">Kirsti Vainio</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ratcliff, Rod" sort="Ratcliff, Rod" uniqKey="Ratcliff R" first="Rod" last="Ratcliff">Rod Ratcliff</name></noRegion></country><country name="Hongrie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Reuter, Gabor" sort="Reuter, Gabor" uniqKey="Reuter G" first="Gábor" last="Reuter">Gábor Reuter</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Berlin"><name sortKey="Schreier, Eckart" sort="Schreier, Eckart" uniqKey="Schreier E" first="Eckart" last="Schreier">Eckart Schreier</name></region></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Varela, Carmen" sort="Varela, Carmen" uniqKey="Varela C" first="Carmen" last="Varela">Carmen Varela</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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