Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

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Cholesterol, Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use, and Breast Cancer Outcome in the BIG 1-98 Study.

Identifieur interne : 004588 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 004587; suivant : 004589

Cholesterol, Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use, and Breast Cancer Outcome in the BIG 1-98 Study.

Auteurs : Signe Borgquist [Australie] ; Anita Giobbie-Hurder [Australie] ; Thomas P. Ahern [Australie] ; Judy E. Garber [Australie] ; Marco Colleoni [Australie] ; István Láng [Australie] ; Marc Debled [Australie] ; Bent Ejlertsen [Australie] ; Roger Von Moos [Australie] ; Ian Smith [Australie] ; Alan S. Coates [Australie] ; Aron Goldhirsch [Australie] ; Manuela Rabaglio [Australie] ; Karen N. Price [Australie] ; Richard D. Gelber [Australie] ; Meredith M. Regan [Australie] ; Beat Thürlimann [Australie]

Source :

RBID : pubmed:28380313

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Abstract

Purpose Cholesterol-lowering medication (CLM) has been reported to have a role in preventing breast cancer recurrence. CLM may attenuate signaling through the estrogen receptor by reducing levels of the estrogenic cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol. The impact of endocrine treatment on cholesterol levels and hypercholesterolemia per se may counteract the intended effect of aromatase inhibitors. Patients and Methods The Breast International Group (BIG) conducted a randomized, phase III, double-blind trial, BIG 1-98, which enrolled 8,010 postmenopausal women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer from 1998 to 2003. Systemic levels of total cholesterol and use of CLM were measured at study entry and every 6 months up to 5.5 years. Cumulative incidence functions were used to describe the initiation of CLM in the presence of competing risks. Marginal structural Cox proportional hazards modeling investigated the relationships between initiation of CLM during endocrine therapy and outcome. Three time-to-event end points were considered: disease-free-survival, breast cancer-free interval, and distant recurrence-free interval. Results Cholesterol levels were reduced during tamoxifen therapy. Of 789 patients who initiated CLM during endocrine therapy, the majority came from the letrozole monotherapy arm (n = 318), followed by sequential tamoxifen-letrozole (n = 189), letrozole-tamoxifen (n = 176), and tamoxifen monotherapy (n = 106). Initiation of CLM during endocrine therapy was related to improved disease-free-survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95; P = .01), breast cancer-free interval (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.97; P = .02), and distant recurrence-free interval (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97; P = .03). Conclusion Cholesterol-lowering medication during adjuvant endocrine therapy may have a role in preventing breast cancer recurrence in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. We recommend that these observational results be addressed in prospective randomized trials.

DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.3116
PubMed: 28380313

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pubmed:28380313

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<title xml:lang="en">Cholesterol, Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use, and Breast Cancer Outcome in the BIG 1-98 Study.</title>
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<name sortKey="Borgquist, Signe" sort="Borgquist, Signe" uniqKey="Borgquist S" first="Signe" last="Borgquist">Signe Borgquist</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Giobbie Hurder, Anita" sort="Giobbie Hurder, Anita" uniqKey="Giobbie Hurder A" first="Anita" last="Giobbie-Hurder">Anita Giobbie-Hurder</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Ahern, Thomas P" sort="Ahern, Thomas P" uniqKey="Ahern T" first="Thomas P" last="Ahern">Thomas P. Ahern</name>
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<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
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<name sortKey="Garber, Judy E" sort="Garber, Judy E" uniqKey="Garber J" first="Judy E" last="Garber">Judy E. Garber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Colleoni, Marco" sort="Colleoni, Marco" uniqKey="Colleoni M" first="Marco" last="Colleoni">Marco Colleoni</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lang, Istvan" sort="Lang, Istvan" uniqKey="Lang I" first="István" last="Láng">István Láng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Debled, Marc" sort="Debled, Marc" uniqKey="Debled M" first="Marc" last="Debled">Marc Debled</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ejlertsen, Bent" sort="Ejlertsen, Bent" uniqKey="Ejlertsen B" first="Bent" last="Ejlertsen">Bent Ejlertsen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Von Moos, Roger" sort="Von Moos, Roger" uniqKey="Von Moos R" first="Roger" last="Von Moos">Roger Von Moos</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Smith, Ian" sort="Smith, Ian" uniqKey="Smith I" first="Ian" last="Smith">Ian Smith</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Coates, Alan S" sort="Coates, Alan S" uniqKey="Coates A" first="Alan S" last="Coates">Alan S. Coates</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Goldhirsch, Aron" sort="Goldhirsch, Aron" uniqKey="Goldhirsch A" first="Aron" last="Goldhirsch">Aron Goldhirsch</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Price, Karen N" sort="Price, Karen N" uniqKey="Price K" first="Karen N" last="Price">Karen N. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Gelber, Richard D" sort="Gelber, Richard D" uniqKey="Gelber R" first="Richard D" last="Gelber">Richard D. Gelber</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Regan, Meredith M" sort="Regan, Meredith M" uniqKey="Regan M" first="Meredith M" last="Regan">Meredith M. Regan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<title xml:lang="en">Cholesterol, Cholesterol-Lowering Medication Use, and Breast Cancer Outcome in the BIG 1-98 Study.</title>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Von Moos, Roger" sort="Von Moos, Roger" uniqKey="Von Moos R" first="Roger" last="Von Moos">Roger Von Moos</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Smith, Ian" sort="Smith, Ian" uniqKey="Smith I" first="Ian" last="Smith">Ian Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
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<name sortKey="Coates, Alan S" sort="Coates, Alan S" uniqKey="Coates A" first="Alan S" last="Coates">Alan S. Coates</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Goldhirsch, Aron" sort="Goldhirsch, Aron" uniqKey="Goldhirsch A" first="Aron" last="Goldhirsch">Aron Goldhirsch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Rabaglio, Manuela" sort="Rabaglio, Manuela" uniqKey="Rabaglio M" first="Manuela" last="Rabaglio">Manuela Rabaglio</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Price, Karen N" sort="Price, Karen N" uniqKey="Price K" first="Karen N" last="Price">Karen N. Price</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Gelber, Richard D" sort="Gelber, Richard D" uniqKey="Gelber R" first="Richard D" last="Gelber">Richard D. Gelber</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
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<name sortKey="Regan, Meredith M" sort="Regan, Meredith M" uniqKey="Regan M" first="Meredith M" last="Regan">Meredith M. Regan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thurlimann, Beat" sort="Thurlimann, Beat" uniqKey="Thurlimann B" first="Beat" last="Thürlimann">Beat Thürlimann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:affiliation>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Signe Borgquist and Judy E. Garber, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Anita Giobbie-Hurder, International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Richard D. Gelber, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, T.H. Chan Harvard School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Karen N. Price, IBCSG Statistical Center and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation; Meredith M. Regan, IBCSG Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Signe Borgquist, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Thomas P. Ahern, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Marco Colleoni and Aron Goldhirsch, IBCSG and European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; István Láng, IBCSG and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary; Marc Debled, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France; Bent Ejlertsen, Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Roger von Moos, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG; Manuela Rabaglio, IBCSG Coordinating Center and Inselspital, Bern; Beat Thürlimann, Breast Center St. Gallen, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research and IBCSG, Bern, Switzerland; Ian Smith, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; and Alan S. Coates, IBCSG and University of Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement>
<region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1527-7755</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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</fileDesc>
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<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Anticholesteremic Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Breast Neoplasms (chemistry)</term>
<term>Breast Neoplasms (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</term>
<term>Cholesterol (blood)</term>
<term>Disease-Free Survival</term>
<term>Double-Blind Method</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Follow-Up Studies</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Hypercholesterolemia (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Mastectomy, Segmental</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local (prevention & control)</term>
<term>Nitriles (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Proportional Hazards Models</term>
<term>Radiotherapy, Adjuvant</term>
<term>Receptors, Estrogen (analysis)</term>
<term>Receptors, Progesterone (analysis)</term>
<term>Tamoxifen (administration & dosage)</term>
<term>Triazoles (administration & dosage)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Anticholestérolémiants (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Cholestérol (sang)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hypercholestérolémie (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Mastectomie partielle</term>
<term>Modèles de hasards proportionnels</term>
<term>Méthode en double aveugle</term>
<term>Nitriles (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Protocoles de polychimiothérapie antinéoplasique (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Radiothérapie adjuvante</term>
<term>Récepteurs des oestrogènes (analyse)</term>
<term>Récepteurs à la progestérone (analyse)</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale ()</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Survie sans rechute</term>
<term>Tamoxifène (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Traitement médicamenteux adjuvant</term>
<term>Triazoles (administration et posologie)</term>
<term>Tumeurs du sein ()</term>
<term>Tumeurs du sein (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Études de suivi</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en">
<term>Nitriles</term>
<term>Tamoxifen</term>
<term>Triazoles</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en">
<term>Receptors, Estrogen</term>
<term>Receptors, Progesterone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en">
<term>Cholesterol</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en">
<term>Anticholesteremic Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Nitriles</term>
<term>Tamoxifène</term>
<term>Triazoles</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Récepteurs des oestrogènes</term>
<term>Récepteurs à la progestérone</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en">
<term>Breast Neoplasms</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en">
<term>Breast Neoplasms</term>
<term>Hypercholesterolemia</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en">
<term>Neoplasm Recurrence, Local</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Cholestérol</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en">
<term>Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Hypercholestérolémie</term>
<term>Tumeurs du sein</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Anticholestérolémiants</term>
<term>Protocoles de polychimiothérapie antinéoplasique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Chemotherapy, Adjuvant</term>
<term>Disease-Free Survival</term>
<term>Double-Blind Method</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Follow-Up Studies</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mastectomy, Segmental</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Proportional Hazards Models</term>
<term>Radiotherapy, Adjuvant</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Mastectomie partielle</term>
<term>Modèles de hasards proportionnels</term>
<term>Méthode en double aveugle</term>
<term>Radiothérapie adjuvante</term>
<term>Récidive tumorale locale</term>
<term>Sujet âgé</term>
<term>Survie sans rechute</term>
<term>Traitement médicamenteux adjuvant</term>
<term>Tumeurs du sein</term>
<term>Études de suivi</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Purpose Cholesterol-lowering medication (CLM) has been reported to have a role in preventing breast cancer recurrence. CLM may attenuate signaling through the estrogen receptor by reducing levels of the estrogenic cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol. The impact of endocrine treatment on cholesterol levels and hypercholesterolemia per se may counteract the intended effect of aromatase inhibitors. Patients and Methods The Breast International Group (BIG) conducted a randomized, phase III, double-blind trial, BIG 1-98, which enrolled 8,010 postmenopausal women with early-stage, hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer from 1998 to 2003. Systemic levels of total cholesterol and use of CLM were measured at study entry and every 6 months up to 5.5 years. Cumulative incidence functions were used to describe the initiation of CLM in the presence of competing risks. Marginal structural Cox proportional hazards modeling investigated the relationships between initiation of CLM during endocrine therapy and outcome. Three time-to-event end points were considered: disease-free-survival, breast cancer-free interval, and distant recurrence-free interval. Results Cholesterol levels were reduced during tamoxifen therapy. Of 789 patients who initiated CLM during endocrine therapy, the majority came from the letrozole monotherapy arm (n = 318), followed by sequential tamoxifen-letrozole (n = 189), letrozole-tamoxifen (n = 176), and tamoxifen monotherapy (n = 106). Initiation of CLM during endocrine therapy was related to improved disease-free-survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95; P = .01), breast cancer-free interval (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.97; P = .02), and distant recurrence-free interval (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97; P = .03). Conclusion Cholesterol-lowering medication during adjuvant endocrine therapy may have a role in preventing breast cancer recurrence in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. We recommend that these observational results be addressed in prospective randomized trials.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
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