Characterizing Associations and SNP-Environment Interactions for GWAS-Identified Prostate Cancer Risk Markers—Results from BPC3
Identifieur interne : 000A11 ( Ncbi/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000A10; suivant : 000A12Characterizing Associations and SNP-Environment Interactions for GWAS-Identified Prostate Cancer Risk Markers—Results from BPC3
Auteurs : Sara Lindstrom [États-Unis] ; Fredrick Schumacher [États-Unis] ; Afshan Siddiq [Royaume-Uni] ; Ruth C. Travis [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniele Campa [Allemagne] ; Sonja I. Berndt [États-Unis] ; W. Ryan Diver [États-Unis] ; Gianluca Severi [Australie] ; Naomi Allen [Royaume-Uni] ; Gerald Andriole [États-Unis] ; Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita [Pays-Bas] ; Stephen J. Chanock [États-Unis] ; David Crawford [États-Unis] ; J. Michael Gaziano [États-Unis] ; Graham G. Giles [Australie] ; Edward Giovannucci [États-Unis] ; Carolyn Guo [États-Unis] ; Christopher A. Haiman [États-Unis] ; Richard B. Hayes [États-Unis] ; Jytte Halkjaer [Danemark] ; David J. Hunter [États-Unis] ; Mattias Johansson [France, Suède] ; Rudolf Kaaks [Allemagne] ; Laurence N. Kolonel [États-Unis] ; Carmen Navarro [Espagne] ; Elio Riboli [Royaume-Uni] ; Carlotta Sacerdote [Italie] ; Meir Stampfer [États-Unis] ; Daniel O. Stram [États-Unis] ; Michael J. Thun [États-Unis] ; Dimitrios Trichopoulos [États-Unis, Grèce] ; Jarmo Virtamo [Finlande] ; Stephanie J. Weinstein [États-Unis] ; Meredith Yeager [États-Unis] ; Brian Henderson [États-Unis] ; Jing Ma [États-Unis] ; Loic Le Marchand [États-Unis] ; Demetrius Albanes [États-Unis] ; Peter Kraft [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer risk. However, whether these associations can be consistently replicated, vary with disease aggressiveness (tumor stage and grade) and/or interact with non-genetic potential risk factors or other SNPs is unknown. We therefore genotyped 39 SNPs from regions identified by several prostate cancer GWAS in 10,501 prostate cancer cases and 10,831 controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We replicated 36 out of 39 SNPs (P-values ranging from 0.01 to 10−28). Two SNPs located near
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017142
PubMed: 21390317
PubMed Central: 3044744
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, France, Grèce, Italie, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suède, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Attique (région), Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bade-Wurtemberg, Californie, Catalogne, Colorado, District de Karlsruhe, Grand Londres, Géorgie (États-Unis), Hawaï, Hovedstaden, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri (État), Oxfordshire, Piémont, Rhône-Alpes, Victoria (État), État de New York
- Athènes, Barcelone, Copenhague, Heidelberg, Londres, Los Angeles, Lyon, Melbourne, Oxford, Saint-Louis (Missouri), Turin
- Université d'Oxford, Université de Californie du Sud, Université de Melbourne, École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Guo, Carolyn" sort="Guo, Carolyn" uniqKey="Guo C" first="Carolyn" last="Guo">Carolyn Guo</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard B" sort="Hayes, Richard B" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard B." last="Hayes">Richard B. Hayes</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Halkjaer, Jytte" sort="Halkjaer, Jytte" uniqKey="Halkjaer J" first="Jytte" last="Halkjaer">Jytte Halkjaer</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Johansson, Mattias" sort="Johansson, Mattias" uniqKey="Johansson M" first="Mattias" last="Johansson">Mattias Johansson</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolf" sort="Kaaks, Rudolf" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolf" last="Kaaks">Rudolf Kaaks</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N." last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region>
</placeName>
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<author><name sortKey="Navarro, Carmen" sort="Navarro, Carmen" uniqKey="Navarro C" first="Carmen" last="Navarro">Carmen Navarro</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
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<wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Sacerdote, Carlotta" sort="Sacerdote, Carlotta" uniqKey="Sacerdote C" first="Carlotta" last="Sacerdote">Carlotta Sacerdote</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>CPO-Piemonte Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CPO-Piemonte Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stampfer, Meir" sort="Stampfer, Meir" uniqKey="Stampfer M" first="Meir" last="Stampfer">Meir Stampfer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stram, Daniel O" sort="Stram, Daniel O" uniqKey="Stram D" first="Daniel O." last="Stram">Daniel O. Stram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thun, Michael J" sort="Thun, Michael J" uniqKey="Thun M" first="Michael J." last="Thun">Michael J. Thun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Trichopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Trichopoulos">Dimitrios Trichopoulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><addr-line>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie J" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie J" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie J." last="Weinstein">Stephanie J. Weinstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian" sort="Henderson, Brian" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian" last="Henderson">Brian Henderson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, Jing" sort="Ma, Jing" uniqKey="Ma J" first="Jing" last="Ma">Jing Ma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Characterizing Associations and SNP-Environment Interactions for GWAS-Identified Prostate Cancer Risk Markers—Results from BPC3</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, Sara" sort="Lindstrom, Sara" uniqKey="Lindstrom S" first="Sara" last="Lindstrom">Sara Lindstrom</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Fredrick" sort="Schumacher, Fredrick" uniqKey="Schumacher F" first="Fredrick" last="Schumacher">Fredrick Schumacher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siddiq, Afshan" sort="Siddiq, Afshan" uniqKey="Siddiq A" first="Afshan" last="Siddiq">Afshan Siddiq</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Travis, Ruth C" sort="Travis, Ruth C" uniqKey="Travis R" first="Ruth C." last="Travis">Ruth C. Travis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campa, Daniele" sort="Campa, Daniele" uniqKey="Campa D" first="Daniele" last="Campa">Daniele Campa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Berndt, Sonja I" sort="Berndt, Sonja I" uniqKey="Berndt S" first="Sonja I." last="Berndt">Sonja I. Berndt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diver, W Ryan" sort="Diver, W Ryan" uniqKey="Diver W" first="W. Ryan" last="Diver">W. Ryan Diver</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Severi, Gianluca" sort="Severi, Gianluca" uniqKey="Severi G" first="Gianluca" last="Severi">Gianluca Severi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allen, Naomi" sort="Allen, Naomi" uniqKey="Allen N" first="Naomi" last="Allen">Naomi Allen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andriole, Gerald" sort="Andriole, Gerald" uniqKey="Andriole G" first="Gerald" last="Andriole">Gerald Andriole</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bueno De Mesquita, Bas" sort="Bueno De Mesquita, Bas" uniqKey="Bueno De Mesquita B" first="Bas" last="Bueno-De-Mesquita">Bas Bueno-De-Mesquita</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chanock, Stephen J" sort="Chanock, Stephen J" uniqKey="Chanock S" first="Stephen J." last="Chanock">Stephen J. Chanock</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crawford, David" sort="Crawford, David" uniqKey="Crawford D" first="David" last="Crawford">David Crawford</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><addr-line>Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Urologic Oncology, University of Colorado at Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Colorado</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaziano, J Michael" sort="Gaziano, J Michael" uniqKey="Gaziano J" first="J. Michael" last="Gaziano">J. Michael Gaziano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff13"><addr-line>Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC) and Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><addr-line>Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giles, Graham G" sort="Giles, Graham G" uniqKey="Giles G" first="Graham G." last="Giles">Graham G. Giles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><addr-line>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria and the Centre for Molecular, Genetic, Environmental, and Analytic Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff15"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giovannucci, Edward" sort="Giovannucci, Edward" uniqKey="Giovannucci E" first="Edward" last="Giovannucci">Edward Giovannucci</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Carolyn" sort="Guo, Carolyn" uniqKey="Guo C" first="Carolyn" last="Guo">Carolyn Guo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haiman, Christopher A" sort="Haiman, Christopher A" uniqKey="Haiman C" first="Christopher A." last="Haiman">Christopher A. Haiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayes, Richard B" sort="Hayes, Richard B" uniqKey="Hayes R" first="Richard B." last="Hayes">Richard B. Hayes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff17"><addr-line>Division of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Epidemiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halkjaer, Jytte" sort="Halkjaer, Jytte" uniqKey="Halkjaer J" first="Jytte" last="Halkjaer">Jytte Halkjaer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff18"><addr-line>The Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Copenhague</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Hovedstaden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johansson, Mattias" sort="Johansson, Mattias" uniqKey="Johansson M" first="Mattias" last="Johansson">Mattias Johansson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff20"><addr-line>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region>
<region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region>
<settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff21"><addr-line>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Umeå</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaaks, Rudolf" sort="Kaaks, Rudolf" uniqKey="Kaaks R" first="Rudolf" last="Kaaks">Rudolf Kaaks</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Karlsruhe</region>
<settlement type="city">Heidelberg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kolonel, Laurence N" sort="Kolonel, Laurence N" uniqKey="Kolonel L" first="Laurence N." last="Kolonel">Laurence N. Kolonel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Navarro, Carmen" sort="Navarro, Carmen" uniqKey="Navarro C" first="Carmen" last="Navarro">Carmen Navarro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff24"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Murcia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff25"><addr-line>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riboli, Elio" sort="Riboli, Elio" uniqKey="Riboli E" first="Elio" last="Riboli">Elio Riboli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sacerdote, Carlotta" sort="Sacerdote, Carlotta" uniqKey="Sacerdote C" first="Carlotta" last="Sacerdote">Carlotta Sacerdote</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff26"><addr-line>CPO-Piemonte Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CPO-Piemonte Torino, and Human Genetics Foundation, Torino</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Turin</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Piémont</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stampfer, Meir" sort="Stampfer, Meir" uniqKey="Stampfer M" first="Meir" last="Stampfer">Meir Stampfer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff16"><addr-line>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stram, Daniel O" sort="Stram, Daniel O" uniqKey="Stram D" first="Daniel O." last="Stram">Daniel O. Stram</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thun, Michael J" sort="Thun, Michael J" uniqKey="Thun M" first="Michael J." last="Thun">Michael J. Thun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" sort="Trichopoulos, Dimitrios" uniqKey="Trichopoulos D" first="Dimitrios" last="Trichopoulos">Dimitrios Trichopoulos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff27"><addr-line>Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens, Greece</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Athens</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Athènes</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Attique (région)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Virtamo, Jarmo" sort="Virtamo, Jarmo" uniqKey="Virtamo J" first="Jarmo" last="Virtamo">Jarmo Virtamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff28"><addr-line>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Helsinki</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Stephanie J" sort="Weinstein, Stephanie J" uniqKey="Weinstein S" first="Stephanie J." last="Weinstein">Stephanie J. Weinstein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yeager, Meredith" sort="Yeager, Meredith" uniqKey="Yeager M" first="Meredith" last="Yeager">Meredith Yeager</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henderson, Brian" sort="Henderson, Brian" uniqKey="Henderson B" first="Brian" last="Henderson">Brian Henderson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
<settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ma, Jing" sort="Ma, Jing" uniqKey="Ma J" first="Jing" last="Ma">Jing Ma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Le Marchand, Loic" sort="Le Marchand, Loic" uniqKey="Le Marchand L" first="Loic" last="Le Marchand">Loic Le Marchand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff23"><addr-line>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Hawaï</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albanes, Demetrius" sort="Albanes, Demetrius" uniqKey="Albanes D" first="Demetrius" last="Albanes">Demetrius Albanes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Program in Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff29"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer risk. However, whether these associations can be consistently replicated, vary with disease aggressiveness (tumor stage and grade) and/or interact with non-genetic potential risk factors or other SNPs is unknown. We therefore genotyped 39 SNPs from regions identified by several prostate cancer GWAS in 10,501 prostate cancer cases and 10,831 controls from the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). We replicated 36 out of 39 SNPs (P-values ranging from 0.01 to 10<sup>−28</sup>
). Two SNPs located near <italic>KLK3</italic>
associated with PSA levels showed differential association with Gleason grade (rs2735839, P = 0.0001 and rs266849, P = 0.0004; case-only test), where the alleles associated with decreasing PSA levels were inversely associated with low-grade (as defined by Gleason grade <8) tumors but positively associated with high-grade tumors. No other SNP showed differential associations according to disease stage or grade. We observed no effect modification by SNP for association with age at diagnosis, family history of prostate cancer, diabetes, BMI, height, smoking or alcohol intake. Moreover, we found no evidence of pair-wise SNP-SNP interactions. While these SNPs represent new independent risk factors for prostate cancer, we saw little evidence for effect modification by other SNPs or by the environmental factors examined.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gronberg, H" uniqKey="Gronberg H">H Gronberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duggan, D" uniqKey="Duggan D">D Duggan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Sl" uniqKey="Zheng S">SL Zheng</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knowlton, M" uniqKey="Knowlton M">M Knowlton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benitez, D" uniqKey="Benitez D">D Benitez</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Giles, Gg" uniqKey="Giles G">GG Giles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guy, M" uniqKey="Guy M">M Guy</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eeles, Ra" uniqKey="Eeles R">RA Eeles</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Giles, Gg" uniqKey="Giles G">GG Giles</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Olama, Aa" uniqKey="Olama A">AA Olama</name>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gudmundsson, J" uniqKey="Gudmundsson J">J Gudmundsson</name>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gudmundsson, J" uniqKey="Gudmundsson J">J Gudmundsson</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gudmundsson, J" uniqKey="Gudmundsson J">J Gudmundsson</name>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gudmundsson, J" uniqKey="Gudmundsson J">J Gudmundsson</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Fc" uniqKey="Hsu F">FC Hsu</name>
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</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
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</biblStruct>
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<li>Australie</li>
<li>Danemark</li>
<li>Espagne</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Grèce</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Angleterre</li>
<li>Attique (région)</li>
<li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>Californie</li>
<li>Catalogne</li>
<li>Colorado</li>
<li>District de Karlsruhe</li>
<li>Grand Londres</li>
<li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li>
<li>Hawaï</li>
<li>Hovedstaden</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Missouri (État)</li>
<li>Oxfordshire</li>
<li>Piémont</li>
<li>Rhône-Alpes</li>
<li>Victoria (État)</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
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<settlement><li>Athènes</li>
<li>Barcelone</li>
<li>Copenhague</li>
<li>Heidelberg</li>
<li>Londres</li>
<li>Los Angeles</li>
<li>Lyon</li>
<li>Melbourne</li>
<li>Oxford</li>
<li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li>
<li>Turin</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université d'Oxford</li>
<li>Université de Californie du Sud</li>
<li>Université de Melbourne</li>
<li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li>
</orgName>
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<name sortKey="Hunter, David J" sort="Hunter, David J" uniqKey="Hunter D" first="David J." last="Hunter">David J. Hunter</name>
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<name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
<name sortKey="Kraft, Peter" sort="Kraft, Peter" uniqKey="Kraft P" first="Peter" last="Kraft">Peter Kraft</name>
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<name sortKey="Stampfer, Meir" sort="Stampfer, Meir" uniqKey="Stampfer M" first="Meir" last="Stampfer">Meir Stampfer</name>
<name sortKey="Stampfer, Meir" sort="Stampfer, Meir" uniqKey="Stampfer M" first="Meir" last="Stampfer">Meir Stampfer</name>
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<name sortKey="Travis, Ruth C" sort="Travis, Ruth C" uniqKey="Travis R" first="Ruth C." last="Travis">Ruth C. Travis</name>
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