Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

Identifieur interne : 008E22 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 008E21; suivant : 008E23

Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes

Auteurs : M. Thomas P. Gilbert [Danemark] ; Daniela I. Drautz [États-Unis] ; Arthur M. Lesk [États-Unis] ; Simon Y. W. Ho [Australie] ; Ji Qi [États-Unis] ; Aakrosh Ratan [États-Unis] ; Chih-Hao Hsu [États-Unis] ; Andrei Sher [Russie] ; Love Dalén [Espagne] ; Anders Götherström [Suède] ; Lynn P. Tomsho [États-Unis] ; Snjezana Rendulic [États-Unis] ; Michael Packard [États-Unis] ; Paula F. Campos [Danemark] ; Tatyana V. Kuznetsova [Russie] ; Fyodor Shidlovskiy [Russie] ; Alexei Tikhonov [Russie] ; Eske Willerslev [Danemark] ; Paola Iacumin [Italie] ; Bernard Buigues [France] ; Per G. P. Ericson [Suède] ; Mietje Germonpré [Belgique] ; Pavel Kosintsev [Russie] ; Vladimir Nikolaev [Russie] ; Malgosia Nowak-Kemp [Royaume-Uni] ; James R. Knight [États-Unis] ; Gerard P. Irzyk [États-Unis] ; Clotilde S. Perbost [États-Unis] ; Karin M. Fredrikson [États-Unis] ; Timothy T. Harkins [États-Unis] ; Sharon Sheridan [États-Unis] ; Webb Miller [États-Unis] ; Stephan C. Schuster [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : PMC:2423413

Abstract

We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence. The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, ≈1–2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the 14C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.


Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802315105
PubMed: 18541911
PubMed Central: 2423413

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:2423413

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drautz, Daniela I" sort="Drautz, Daniela I" uniqKey="Drautz D" first="Daniela I." last="Drautz">Daniela I. Drautz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lesk, Arthur M" sort="Lesk, Arthur M" uniqKey="Lesk A" first="Arthur M." last="Lesk">Arthur M. Lesk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ho, Simon Y W" sort="Ho, Simon Y W" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Simon Y. W." last="Ho">Simon Y. W. Ho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Canberra ACT 0200</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Qi, Ji" sort="Qi, Ji" uniqKey="Qi J" first="Ji" last="Qi">Ji Qi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ratan, Aakrosh" sort="Ratan, Aakrosh" uniqKey="Ratan A" first="Aakrosh" last="Ratan">Aakrosh Ratan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hsu, Chih Hao" sort="Hsu, Chih Hao" uniqKey="Hsu C" first="Chih-Hao" last="Hsu">Chih-Hao Hsu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sher, Andrei" sort="Sher, Andrei" uniqKey="Sher A" first="Andrei" last="Sher">Andrei Sher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dalen, Love" sort="Dalen, Love" uniqKey="Dalen L" first="Love" last="Dalén">Love Dalén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gotherstrom, Anders" sort="Gotherstrom, Anders" uniqKey="Gotherstrom A" first="Anders" last="Götherström">Anders Götherström</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tomsho, Lynn P" sort="Tomsho, Lynn P" uniqKey="Tomsho L" first="Lynn P." last="Tomsho">Lynn P. Tomsho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rendulic, Snjezana" sort="Rendulic, Snjezana" uniqKey="Rendulic S" first="Snjezana" last="Rendulic">Snjezana Rendulic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Packard, Michael" sort="Packard, Michael" uniqKey="Packard M" first="Michael" last="Packard">Michael Packard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuznetsova, Tatyana V" sort="Kuznetsova, Tatyana V" uniqKey="Kuznetsova T" first="Tatyana V." last="Kuznetsova">Tatyana V. Kuznetsova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shidlovskiy, Fyodor" sort="Shidlovskiy, Fyodor" uniqKey="Shidlovskiy F" first="Fyodor" last="Shidlovskiy">Fyodor Shidlovskiy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">The Ice Age Museum, All-Russia Exhibition Centre, Pavilion 71, Moscow 129223, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Ice Age Museum, All-Russia Exhibition Centre, Pavilion 71, Moscow 129223</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tikhonov, Alexei" sort="Tikhonov, Alexei" uniqKey="Tikhonov A" first="Alexei" last="Tikhonov">Alexei Tikhonov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St. Petersburg 199034</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iacumin, Paola" sort="Iacumin, Paola" uniqKey="Iacumin P" first="Paola" last="Iacumin">Paola Iacumin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, 43100 Parma, Italy;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, 43100 Parma</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>43100 Parma</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buigues, Bernard" sort="Buigues, Bernard" uniqKey="Buigues B" first="Bernard" last="Buigues">Bernard Buigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff11">2 Avenue de la Pelouse, F-94160 St. Mandé, France;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2 Avenue de la Pelouse, F-94160 St. Mandé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>94160 St. Mandé</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>94160 St. Mandé</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ericson, Per G P" sort="Ericson, Per G P" uniqKey="Ericson P" first="Per G. P." last="Ericson">Per G. P. Ericson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>S-104 05 Stockholm</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Germonpre, Mietje" sort="Germonpre, Mietje" uniqKey="Germonpre M" first="Mietje" last="Germonpré">Mietje Germonpré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kosintsev, Pavel" sort="Kosintsev, Pavel" uniqKey="Kosintsev P" first="Pavel" last="Kosintsev">Pavel Kosintsev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff14">Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8th of March Street, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8th of March Street, Ekaterinburg 620144</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ekaterinburg 620144</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nikolaev, Vladimir" sort="Nikolaev, Vladimir" uniqKey="Nikolaev V" first="Vladimir" last="Nikolaev">Vladimir Nikolaev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Glaciology, 29 Staromonetny per., Moscow 109017, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Glaciology, 29 Staromonetny per., Moscow 109017</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nowak Kemp, Malgosia" sort="Nowak Kemp, Malgosia" uniqKey="Nowak Kemp M" first="Malgosia" last="Nowak-Kemp">Malgosia Nowak-Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff16">Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3PW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knight, James R" sort="Knight, James R" uniqKey="Knight J" first="James R." last="Knight">James R. Knight</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Irzyk, Gerard P" sort="Irzyk, Gerard P" uniqKey="Irzyk G" first="Gerard P." last="Irzyk">Gerard P. Irzyk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perbost, Clotilde S" sort="Perbost, Clotilde S" uniqKey="Perbost C" first="Clotilde S." last="Perbost">Clotilde S. Perbost</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fredrikson, Karin M" sort="Fredrikson, Karin M" uniqKey="Fredrikson K" first="Karin M." last="Fredrikson">Karin M. Fredrikson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harkins, Timothy T" sort="Harkins, Timothy T" uniqKey="Harkins T" first="Timothy T." last="Harkins">Timothy T. Harkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sheridan, Sharon" sort="Sheridan, Sharon" uniqKey="Sheridan S" first="Sharon" last="Sheridan">Sharon Sheridan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miller, Webb" sort="Miller, Webb" uniqKey="Miller W" first="Webb" last="Miller">Webb Miller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuster, Stephan C" sort="Schuster, Stephan C" uniqKey="Schuster S" first="Stephan C." last="Schuster">Stephan C. Schuster</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18541911</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2423413</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2423413</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2423413</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.0802315105</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B15</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B15</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001973</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001973</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002976</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002976</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000401</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000401</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000401</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0027-8424:2008:Gilbert M:intraspecific:phylogenetic:analysis</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">008E22</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gilbert, M Thomas P" sort="Gilbert, M Thomas P" uniqKey="Gilbert M" first="M. Thomas P." last="Gilbert">M. Thomas P. Gilbert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Drautz, Daniela I" sort="Drautz, Daniela I" uniqKey="Drautz D" first="Daniela I." last="Drautz">Daniela I. Drautz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lesk, Arthur M" sort="Lesk, Arthur M" uniqKey="Lesk A" first="Arthur M." last="Lesk">Arthur M. Lesk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ho, Simon Y W" sort="Ho, Simon Y W" uniqKey="Ho S" first="Simon Y. W." last="Ho">Simon Y. W. Ho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff3">Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Macroevolution and Macroecology, School of Botany and Zoology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Canberra ACT 0200</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Qi, Ji" sort="Qi, Ji" uniqKey="Qi J" first="Ji" last="Qi">Ji Qi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ratan, Aakrosh" sort="Ratan, Aakrosh" uniqKey="Ratan A" first="Aakrosh" last="Ratan">Aakrosh Ratan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hsu, Chih Hao" sort="Hsu, Chih Hao" uniqKey="Hsu C" first="Chih-Hao" last="Hsu">Chih-Hao Hsu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sher, Andrei" sort="Sher, Andrei" uniqKey="Sher A" first="Andrei" last="Sher">Andrei Sher</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff4">Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dalen, Love" sort="Dalen, Love" uniqKey="Dalen L" first="Love" last="Dalén">Love Dalén</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff5">Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, 28029 Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gotherstrom, Anders" sort="Gotherstrom, Anders" uniqKey="Gotherstrom A" first="Anders" last="Götherström">Anders Götherström</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, S-752 36 Uppsala</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Uppsala</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Uppsala</settlement>
<region nuts="1">Svealand</region>
<region nuts="1">East Middle Sweden</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tomsho, Lynn P" sort="Tomsho, Lynn P" uniqKey="Tomsho L" first="Lynn P." last="Tomsho">Lynn P. Tomsho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rendulic, Snjezana" sort="Rendulic, Snjezana" uniqKey="Rendulic S" first="Snjezana" last="Rendulic">Snjezana Rendulic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Packard, Michael" sort="Packard, Michael" uniqKey="Packard M" first="Michael" last="Packard">Michael Packard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Campos, Paula F" sort="Campos, Paula F" uniqKey="Campos P" first="Paula F." last="Campos">Paula F. Campos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kuznetsova, Tatyana V" sort="Kuznetsova, Tatyana V" uniqKey="Kuznetsova T" first="Tatyana V." last="Kuznetsova">Tatyana V. Kuznetsova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Paleontology, Faculty of Geology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shidlovskiy, Fyodor" sort="Shidlovskiy, Fyodor" uniqKey="Shidlovskiy F" first="Fyodor" last="Shidlovskiy">Fyodor Shidlovskiy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff8">The Ice Age Museum, All-Russia Exhibition Centre, Pavilion 71, Moscow 129223, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>The Ice Age Museum, All-Russia Exhibition Centre, Pavilion 71, Moscow 129223</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tikhonov, Alexei" sort="Tikhonov, Alexei" uniqKey="Tikhonov A" first="Alexei" last="Tikhonov">Alexei Tikhonov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff9">Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St. Petersburg 199034</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff1">Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ancient Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>DK-2100 Copenhagen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iacumin, Paola" sort="Iacumin, Paola" uniqKey="Iacumin P" first="Paola" last="Iacumin">Paola Iacumin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, 43100 Parma, Italy;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 157/A, 43100 Parma</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>43100 Parma</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buigues, Bernard" sort="Buigues, Bernard" uniqKey="Buigues B" first="Bernard" last="Buigues">Bernard Buigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff11">2 Avenue de la Pelouse, F-94160 St. Mandé, France;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2 Avenue de la Pelouse, F-94160 St. Mandé</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>94160 St. Mandé</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>94160 St. Mandé</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ericson, Per G P" sort="Ericson, Per G P" uniqKey="Ericson P" first="Per G. P." last="Ericson">Per G. P. Ericson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History P.O. Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>S-104 05 Stockholm</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Germonpre, Mietje" sort="Germonpre, Mietje" uniqKey="Germonpre M" first="Mietje" last="Germonpré">Mietje Germonpré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="2">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
<settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kosintsev, Pavel" sort="Kosintsev, Pavel" uniqKey="Kosintsev P" first="Pavel" last="Kosintsev">Pavel Kosintsev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff14">Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8th of March Street, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 202 8th of March Street, Ekaterinburg 620144</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ekaterinburg 620144</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nikolaev, Vladimir" sort="Nikolaev, Vladimir" uniqKey="Nikolaev V" first="Vladimir" last="Nikolaev">Vladimir Nikolaev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Glaciology, 29 Staromonetny per., Moscow 109017, Russia;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Science, Department of Glaciology, 29 Staromonetny per., Moscow 109017</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Moscou</settlement>
<region>District fédéral central</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nowak Kemp, Malgosia" sort="Nowak Kemp, Malgosia" uniqKey="Nowak Kemp M" first="Malgosia" last="Nowak-Kemp">Malgosia Nowak-Kemp</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="aff16">Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Oxford OX1 3PW</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Knight, James R" sort="Knight, James R" uniqKey="Knight J" first="James R." last="Knight">James R. Knight</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Irzyk, Gerard P" sort="Irzyk, Gerard P" uniqKey="Irzyk G" first="Gerard P." last="Irzyk">Gerard P. Irzyk</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perbost, Clotilde S" sort="Perbost, Clotilde S" uniqKey="Perbost C" first="Clotilde S." last="Perbost">Clotilde S. Perbost</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff17">454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Connecticut</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>454 Life Sciences, 20 Commercial Street, Branford</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fredrikson, Karin M" sort="Fredrikson, Karin M" uniqKey="Fredrikson K" first="Karin M." last="Fredrikson">Karin M. Fredrikson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harkins, Timothy T" sort="Harkins, Timothy T" uniqKey="Harkins T" first="Timothy T." last="Harkins">Timothy T. Harkins</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sheridan, Sharon" sort="Sheridan, Sharon" uniqKey="Sheridan S" first="Sharon" last="Sheridan">Sharon Sheridan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff18">Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis, IN 46250-0414</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Indiana</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Roche Diagnostics Corporation, 9115 Hague Road, Indianapolis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miller, Webb" sort="Miller, Webb" uniqKey="Miller W" first="Webb" last="Miller">Webb Miller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schuster, Stephan C" sort="Schuster, Stephan C" uniqKey="Schuster S" first="Stephan C." last="Schuster">Stephan C. Schuster</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="aff2">Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park, PA 16802;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, 310 Wartik Building, University Park</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>We report five new complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of Siberian woolly mammoth (
<italic>Mammuthus primigenius</italic>
), sequenced with up to 73-fold coverage from DNA extracted from hair shaft material. Three of the sequences present the first complete mtDNA genomes of mammoth clade II. Analysis of these and 13 recently published mtDNA genomes demonstrates the existence of two apparently sympatric mtDNA clades that exhibit high interclade divergence. The analytical power afforded by the analysis of the complete mtDNA genomes reveals a surprisingly ancient coalescence age of the two clades, ≈1–2 million years, depending on the calibration technique. Furthermore, statistical analysis of the temporal distribution of the
<sup>14</sup>
C ages of these and previously identified members of the two mammoth clades suggests that clade II went extinct before clade I. Modeling of protein structures failed to indicate any important functional difference between genomes belonging to the two clades, suggesting that the loss of clade II more likely is due to genetic drift than a selective sweep.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 008E22 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 008E22 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Asie
   |area=    AustralieFrV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Merge
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:2423413
   |texte=   Intraspecific phylogenetic analysis of Siberian woolly mammoths using complete mitochondrial genomes
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:18541911" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Merge/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Tue Dec 5 10:43:12 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 5 14:07:20 2024