Further insights into the durability of Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts: Formation of "hollow" Pt nanoparticles induced by the Kirkendall effect
Identifieur interne : 006F24 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 006F23; suivant : 006F25Further insights into the durability of Pt3Co/C electrocatalysts: Formation of "hollow" Pt nanoparticles induced by the Kirkendall effect
Auteurs : L. Dubau [France] ; J. Durst [France] ; F. Maillard [France] ; L. Guetaz [France] ; M. Chatenet [France] ; J. Andre [France] ; E. Rossinot [France]Source :
- Electrochimica acta [ 0013-4686 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Durée vie, Platine alliage, Alliage binaire, Cobalt alliage, Electrocatalyse, Effet Kirkendall, Nanoparticule, Pile combustible membrane échangeuse proton, Distribution dimension particule, Microscopie électronique balayage transmission, Spectrométrie émission atomique, Spectrométrie ICP, Catalyseur sur support, Carbone, Diffraction RX, Spectrométrie RX dispersion énergie, Dimension particule, Morphologie, Structure surface, Champ sombre annulaire à grand angle.
- Wicri :
- topic : Carbone.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Angle annular dark field, Atomic emission spectrometry, Binary alloy, Carbon, Cobalt alloy, Electrocatalysis, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, Inductive coupling plasma spectrometry, Kirkendall effect, Lifetime, Morphology, Nanoparticle, Particle size, Particle size distribution, Platinum alloy, Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Supported catalyst, Surface structure, X ray diffraction.
Abstract
This paper provides further insights into the degradation mechanisms of nanometer-sized Pt3Co/C particles under various proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating conditions. We confirm that Co atoms are continuously depleted from the mother Pt3Co/C electrocatalyst because they can diffuse from the bulk to the surface of the material. The structure of the Pt-Co/C nanoparticles in the long-term is determined by a balance between Co surface segregation and formation of oxygenated species from water splitting. When the PEMFC is operated at high current density (low cathode potential, below the onset of surface oxide formation from water), a steady-state is reached between the rate of Co dissolution at the surface and Co surface segregation. Consequently, Co and Pt atoms remain homogeneously distributed within the Pt-Co/C particles and the thickness of the Pt-shell is maintained to a small value not detectable by atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. When the PEMFC is operated at low current density (high cathode potential), the formation of surface oxides from water and the resulting "place-exchange" mechanism enhance the rate of diffusion of Co atoms to the surface. Consequently, the fresh Pt3Co/C particles form core/shell particles with thick Pt-shells and Co content < 5 at% and, ultimately, "hollow" Pt nanoparticles (Kirkendall effect). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the formation of "hollow" Pt particles in a PEMFC.
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Dubau</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS/Grenoble INP/Université de Savoie/Université Joseph Fourier, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75</s1><s2>38402 Saint Martin d'Hères</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Saint Martin d'Hères</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Durst, J" sort="Durst, J" uniqKey="Durst J" first="J." last="Durst">J. Durst</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS/Grenoble INP/Université de Savoie/Université Joseph Fourier, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75</s1><s2>38402 Saint Martin d'Hères</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Saint Martin d'Hères</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maillard, F" sort="Maillard, F" uniqKey="Maillard F" first="F." last="Maillard">F. Maillard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS/Grenoble INP/Université de Savoie/Université Joseph Fourier, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75</s1><s2>38402 Saint Martin d'Hères</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Saint Martin d'Hères</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guetaz, L" sort="Guetaz, L" uniqKey="Guetaz L" first="L." last="Guetaz">L. Guetaz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>CEA, LITEN, Département de l'Electricité et de l'Hydrogène pour les Transports, Laboratoire des Composants PEM, 17, Rue des Martyrs</s1><s2>38054 Grenoble</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chatenet, M" sort="Chatenet, M" uniqKey="Chatenet M" first="M." last="Chatenet">M. Chatenet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces, UMR 5279 CNRS/Grenoble INP/Université de Savoie/Université Joseph Fourier, 1130, rue de la piscine, BP 75</s1><s2>38402 Saint Martin d'Hères</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Saint Martin d'Hères</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andre, J" sort="Andre, J" uniqKey="Andre J" first="J." last="Andre">J. Andre</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Axane, 2 rue de Clémencière, BP 15</s1><s2>38360 Sassenage</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Sassenage</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossinot, E" sort="Rossinot, E" uniqKey="Rossinot E" first="E." last="Rossinot">E. Rossinot</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Axane, 2 rue de Clémencière, BP 15</s1><s2>38360 Sassenage</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Sassenage</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Electrochimica acta</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Electrochim. acta</title><idno type="ISSN">0013-4686</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Electrochimica acta</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Electrochim. acta</title><idno type="ISSN">0013-4686</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Angle annular dark field</term><term>Atomic emission spectrometry</term><term>Binary alloy</term><term>Carbon</term><term>Cobalt alloy</term><term>Electrocatalysis</term><term>Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry</term><term>Inductive coupling plasma spectrometry</term><term>Kirkendall effect</term><term>Lifetime</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Nanoparticle</term><term>Particle size</term><term>Particle size distribution</term><term>Platinum alloy</term><term>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells</term><term>Scanning transmission electron microscopy</term><term>Supported catalyst</term><term>Surface structure</term><term>X ray diffraction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Durée vie</term><term>Platine alliage</term><term>Alliage binaire</term><term>Cobalt alliage</term><term>Electrocatalyse</term><term>Effet Kirkendall</term><term>Nanoparticule</term><term>Pile combustible membrane échangeuse proton</term><term>Distribution dimension particule</term><term>Microscopie électronique balayage transmission</term><term>Spectrométrie émission atomique</term><term>Spectrométrie ICP</term><term>Catalyseur sur support</term><term>Carbone</term><term>Diffraction RX</term><term>Spectrométrie RX dispersion énergie</term><term>Dimension particule</term><term>Morphologie</term><term>Structure surface</term><term>Champ sombre annulaire à grand angle</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Carbone</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper provides further insights into the degradation mechanisms of nanometer-sized Pt<sub>3</sub>Co/C particles under various proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operating conditions. We confirm that Co atoms are continuously depleted from the mother Pt<sub>3</sub>Co/C electrocatalyst because they can diffuse from the bulk to the surface of the material. The structure of the Pt-Co/C nanoparticles in the long-term is determined by a balance between Co surface segregation and formation of oxygenated species from water splitting. When the PEMFC is operated at high current density (low cathode potential, below the onset of surface oxide formation from water), a steady-state is reached between the rate of Co dissolution at the surface and Co surface segregation. Consequently, Co and Pt atoms remain homogeneously distributed within the Pt-Co/C particles and the thickness of the Pt-shell is maintained to a small value not detectable by atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. When the PEMFC is operated at low current density (high cathode potential), the formation of surface oxides from water and the resulting "place-exchange" mechanism enhance the rate of diffusion of Co atoms to the surface. Consequently, the fresh Pt<sub>3</sub>Co/C particles form core/shell particles with thick Pt-shells and Co content < 5 at% and, ultimately, "hollow" Pt nanoparticles (Kirkendall effect). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the formation of "hollow" Pt particles in a PEMFC.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li></region><settlement><li>Grenoble</li><li>Saint Martin d'Hères</li><li>Sassenage</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Dubau, L" sort="Dubau, L" uniqKey="Dubau L" first="L." last="Dubau">L. Dubau</name></region><name sortKey="Andre, J" sort="Andre, J" uniqKey="Andre J" first="J." last="Andre">J. Andre</name><name sortKey="Chatenet, M" sort="Chatenet, M" uniqKey="Chatenet M" first="M." last="Chatenet">M. Chatenet</name><name sortKey="Durst, J" sort="Durst, J" uniqKey="Durst J" first="J." last="Durst">J. Durst</name><name sortKey="Guetaz, L" sort="Guetaz, L" uniqKey="Guetaz L" first="L." last="Guetaz">L. Guetaz</name><name sortKey="Maillard, F" sort="Maillard, F" uniqKey="Maillard F" first="F." last="Maillard">F. Maillard</name><name sortKey="Rossinot, E" sort="Rossinot, E" uniqKey="Rossinot E" first="E." last="Rossinot">E. Rossinot</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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