A Molecular Epidemiological Study of var Gene Diversity to Characterize the Reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in Humans in Africa
Identifieur interne : 006621 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 006620; suivant : 006622A Molecular Epidemiological Study of var Gene Diversity to Characterize the Reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum in Humans in Africa
Auteurs : Donald S. Chen [États-Unis] ; Alyssa E. Barry [États-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; Aleksandra Leliwa-Sytek [États-Unis] ; Terry-Ann Smith [États-Unis] ; Ingrid Peterson [États-Unis] ; Stuart M. Brown [États-Unis] ; Florence Migot-Nabias [France] ; Philippe Deloron [France] ; Moses M. Kortok [Kenya] ; Kevin Marsh [Kenya] ; Johanna P. Daily [États-Unis] ; Daouda Ndiaye [Sénégal] ; Ousmane Sarr [Sénégal] ; Souleymane Mboup [Sénégal] ; Karen P. Day [États-Unis, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The reservoir of
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016629
PubMed: 21347415
PubMed Central: 3036650
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PMC:3036650Le document en format XML
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Gene Diversity to Characterize the Reservoir of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
in Humans in Africa</title>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Molecular Epidemiological Study of <italic>var</italic>
Gene Diversity to Characterize the Reservoir of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
in Humans in Africa</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, Donald S" sort="Chen, Donald S" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Donald S." last="Chen">Donald S. Chen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barry, Alyssa E" sort="Barry, Alyssa E" uniqKey="Barry A" first="Alyssa E." last="Barry">Alyssa E. Barry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Monash University, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Leliwa Sytek, Aleksandra" sort="Leliwa Sytek, Aleksandra" uniqKey="Leliwa Sytek A" first="Aleksandra" last="Leliwa-Sytek">Aleksandra Leliwa-Sytek</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Smith, Terry Ann" sort="Smith, Terry Ann" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Terry-Ann" last="Smith">Terry-Ann Smith</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Peterson, Ingrid" sort="Peterson, Ingrid" uniqKey="Peterson I" first="Ingrid" last="Peterson">Ingrid Peterson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Brown, Stuart M" sort="Brown, Stuart M" uniqKey="Brown S" first="Stuart M." last="Brown">Stuart M. Brown</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Migot Nabias, Florence" sort="Migot Nabias, Florence" uniqKey="Migot Nabias F" first="Florence" last="Migot-Nabias">Florence Migot-Nabias</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Deloron, Philippe" sort="Deloron, Philippe" uniqKey="Deloron P" first="Philippe" last="Deloron">Philippe Deloron</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris 5, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Kortok, Moses M" sort="Kortok, Moses M" uniqKey="Kortok M" first="Moses M." last="Kortok">Moses M. Kortok</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, Kenya</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Marsh, Kevin" sort="Marsh, Kevin" uniqKey="Marsh K" first="Kevin" last="Marsh">Kevin Marsh</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Daily, Johanna P" sort="Daily, Johanna P" uniqKey="Daily J" first="Johanna P." last="Daily">Johanna P. Daily</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ndiaye, Daouda" sort="Ndiaye, Daouda" uniqKey="Ndiaye D" first="Daouda" last="Ndiaye">Daouda Ndiaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sarr, Ousmane" sort="Sarr, Ousmane" uniqKey="Sarr O" first="Ousmane" last="Sarr">Ousmane Sarr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mboup, Souleymane" sort="Mboup, Souleymane" uniqKey="Mboup S" first="Souleymane" last="Mboup">Souleymane Mboup</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11"><addr-line>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Sénégal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dakar</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Day, Karen P" sort="Day, Karen P" uniqKey="Day K" first="Karen P." last="Day">Karen P. Day</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
<region type="country">Angleterre</region>
<region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region>
<settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>The reservoir of <italic>Plasmodium</italic>
infection in humans has traditionally been defined by blood slide positivity. This study was designed to characterize the local reservoir of infection in relation to the diverse <italic>var</italic>
genes that encode the major surface antigen of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic>
blood stages and underlie the parasite's ability to establish chronic infection and transmit from human to mosquito.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p>We investigated the molecular epidemiology of the <italic>var</italic>
multigene family at local sites in Gabon, Senegal and Kenya which differ in parasite prevalence and transmission intensity. 1839 distinct <italic>var</italic>
gene types were defined by sequencing DBLα domains in the three sites. Only 76 (4.1%) <italic>var</italic>
types were found in more than one population indicating spatial heterogeneity in <italic>var</italic>
types across the African continent. The majority of <italic>var</italic>
types appeared only once in the population sample. Non-parametric statistical estimators predict in each population at minimum five to seven thousand distinct <italic>var</italic>
types. Similar diversity of <italic>var</italic>
types was seen in sites with different parasite prevalences.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p><italic>Var</italic>
population genomics provides new insights into the epidemiology of <italic>P. falciparum</italic>
in Africa where malaria has never been conquered. In particular, we have described the extensive reservoir of infection in local African sites and discovered a unique <italic>var</italic>
population structure that can facilitate superinfection through minimal overlap in <italic>var</italic>
repertoires among parasite genomes. Our findings show that <italic>var</italic>
typing as a molecular surveillance system defines the extent of genetic complexity in the reservoir of infection to complement measures of malaria prevalence. The observed small scale spatial diversity of <italic>var</italic>
genes suggests that <italic>var</italic>
genetics could greatly inform current malaria mapping approaches and predict complex malaria population dynamics due to the import of <italic>var</italic>
types to areas where no widespread pre-existing immunity in the population exists.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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