Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.
Identifieur interne : 002666 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002665; suivant : 002667Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.
Auteurs : Stephane Kremer [France] ; Felix Renard [France] ; Sophie Achard [France] ; Marco A. Lana-Peixoto [Brésil] ; Jacqueline Palace [Royaume-Uni] ; Nasrin Asgari [Danemark] ; Eric C. Klawiter [États-Unis] ; Silvia N. Tenembaum [Argentine] ; Brenda Banwell [États-Unis] ; Benjamin M. Greenberg [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey L. Bennett ; Michael Levy [États-Unis] ; Pablo Villoslada [Espagne] ; Albert Saiz [Espagne] ; Kazuo Fujihara [Japon] ; Koon Ho Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; Sven Schippling ; Friedemann Paul ; Ho Jin Kim [Corée du Sud] ; Jerome De Seze [France] ; Jens T. Wuerfel ; Philippe Cabre ; Romain Marignier [France] ; Thomas Tedder [États-Unis] ; Danielle Van Pelt [Pays-Bas] ; Simon Broadley [Australie] ; Tanuja Chitnis [États-Unis] ; Dean Wingerchuk [États-Unis] ; Lekha Pandit [Inde] ; Maria Isabel Leite [Royaume-Uni] ; Metha Apiwattanakul [Thaïlande] ; Ingo Kleiter [Allemagne] ; Naraporn Prayoonwiwat [Thaïlande] ; May Han [États-Unis] ; Kerstin Hellwig [Allemagne] ; Katja Van Herle [États-Unis] ; Gareth John [États-Unis] ; D Craig Hooper [États-Unis] ; Ichiro Nakashima [Japon] ; Douglas Sato [Japon] ; Michael R. Yeaman [États-Unis] ; Emmanuelle Waubant [États-Unis] ; Scott Zamvil [États-Unis] ; Olaf Stüve [États-Unis] ; Orhan Aktas [Allemagne] ; Terry J. Smith ; Anu Jacob [Royaume-Uni] ; Kevin O'Connor [États-Unis]Source :
- JAMA neurology [ 2168-6157 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Neuromyélite optique.
- utilisation : Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion.
- épidémiologie : Neuromyélite optique.
- Essais cliniques comme sujet, Humains.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- diagnosis : Neuromyelitis Optica.
- epidemiology : Neuromyelitis Optica.
- methods : Clinical Trials as Topic.
- utilization : Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
- Humans.
Abstract
Brain parenchymal lesions are frequently observed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder, but the specific morphological and temporal patterns distinguishing them unequivocally from lesions caused by other disorders have not been identified. This literature review summarizes the literature on advanced quantitative imaging measures reported for patients with NMO spectrum disorder, including proton MR spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, quantitative MR volumetry, and ultrahigh-field strength MRI. It was undertaken to consider the advanced MRI techniques used for patients with NMO by different specialists in the field. Although quantitative measures such as proton MR spectroscopy or magnetization transfer imaging have not reproducibly revealed diffuse brain injury, preliminary data from diffusion-weighted imaging and brain tissue volumetry indicate greater white matter than gray matter degradation. These findings could be confirmed by ultrahigh-field MRI. The use of nonconventional MRI techniques may further our understanding of the pathogenic processes in NMO spectrum disorders and may help us identify the distinct radiographic features corresponding to specific phenotypic manifestations of this disease.
DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0248
PubMed: 26010909
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Lana-Peixoto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>CIEM MS Research Center, University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>CIEM MS Research Center, University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palace, Jacqueline" sort="Palace, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Palace J" first="Jacqueline" last="Palace">Jacqueline Palace</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asgari, Nasrin" sort="Asgari, Nasrin" uniqKey="Asgari N" first="Nasrin" last="Asgari">Nasrin Asgari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense7Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense7Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vejle</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klawiter, Eric C" sort="Klawiter, Eric C" uniqKey="Klawiter E" first="Eric C" last="Klawiter">Eric C. Klawiter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tenembaum, Silvia N" sort="Tenembaum, Silvia N" uniqKey="Tenembaum S" first="Silvia N" last="Tenembaum">Silvia N. Tenembaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, National Pediatric Hospital Dr Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, National Pediatric Hospital Dr Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banwell, Brenda" sort="Banwell, Brenda" uniqKey="Banwell B" first="Brenda" last="Banwell">Brenda Banwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia11Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia11Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Benjamin M" sort="Greenberg, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Greenberg B" first="Benjamin M" last="Greenberg">Benjamin M. Greenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Dallas</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Jeffrey L" sort="Bennett, Jeffrey L" uniqKey="Bennett J" first="Jeffrey L" last="Bennett">Jeffrey L. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora15Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Aurora</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Michael" sort="Levy, Michael" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Michael" last="Levy">Michael Levy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villoslada, Pablo" sort="Villoslada, Pablo" uniqKey="Villoslada P" first="Pablo" last="Villoslada">Pablo Villoslada</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saiz, Albert" sort="Saiz, Albert" uniqKey="Saiz A" first="Albert" last="Saiz">Albert Saiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujihara, Kazuo" sort="Fujihara, Kazuo" uniqKey="Fujihara K" first="Kazuo" last="Fujihara">Kazuo Fujihara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Koon Ho" sort="Chan, Koon Ho" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Koon Ho" last="Chan">Koon Ho Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Department of Medicine, Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>University Department of Medicine, Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schippling, Sven" sort="Schippling, Sven" uniqKey="Schippling S" first="Sven" last="Schippling">Sven Schippling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland21Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland22Neuroscience Center Zurich, Federal Technical High School Zurich, Zurich, S.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">S</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paul, Friedemann" sort="Paul, Friedemann" uniqKey="Paul F" first="Friedemann" last="Paul">Friedemann Paul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany25Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany26Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Ger.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ger</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ho Jin" sort="Kim, Ho Jin" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Ho Jin" last="Kim">Ho Jin Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea28Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea28Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Seze, Jerome" sort="De Seze, Jerome" uniqKey="De Seze J" first="Jerome" last="De Seze">Jerome De Seze</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France30Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 1434), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France31UMR INSERM 1119 and Fédération de médecine translationelle, Strasbourg.</nlm:affiliation><country>France</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France30Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 1434), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France31UMR INSERM 1119 and Fédération de médecine translationelle</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wuerfel, Jens T" sort="Wuerfel, Jens T" uniqKey="Wuerfel J" first="Jens T" last="Wuerfel">Jens T. Wuerfel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany25Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany26Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Ger.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ger</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabre, Philippe" sort="Cabre, Philippe" uniqKey="Cabre P" first="Philippe" last="Cabre">Philippe Cabre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CHU de Fort de France, Martinique.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Martinique</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marignier, Romain" sort="Marignier, Romain" uniqKey="Marignier R" first="Romain" last="Marignier">Romain Marignier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CHU, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHU, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tedder, Thomas" sort="Tedder, Thomas" uniqKey="Tedder T" first="Thomas" last="Tedder">Thomas Tedder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Duke University School of Medicine, Durham</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Pelt, Danielle" sort="Van Pelt, Danielle" uniqKey="Van Pelt D" first="Danielle" last="Van Pelt">Danielle Van Pelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Erasmus MC, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broadley, Simon" sort="Broadley, Simon" uniqKey="Broadley S" first="Simon" last="Broadley">Simon Broadley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Griffith University, Southport, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chitnis, Tanuja" sort="Chitnis, Tanuja" uniqKey="Chitnis T" first="Tanuja" last="Chitnis">Tanuja Chitnis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingerchuk, Dean" sort="Wingerchuk, Dean" uniqKey="Wingerchuk D" first="Dean" last="Wingerchuk">Dean Wingerchuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandit, Lekha" sort="Pandit, Lekha" uniqKey="Pandit L" first="Lekha" last="Pandit">Lekha Pandit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leite, Maria Isabel" sort="Leite, Maria Isabel" uniqKey="Leite M" first="Maria Isabel" last="Leite">Maria Isabel Leite</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apiwattanakul, Metha" sort="Apiwattanakul, Metha" uniqKey="Apiwattanakul M" first="Metha" last="Apiwattanakul">Metha Apiwattanakul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleiter, Ingo" sort="Kleiter, Ingo" uniqKey="Kleiter I" first="Ingo" last="Kleiter">Ingo Kleiter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Ruhr University, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn" sort="Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn" uniqKey="Prayoonwiwat N" first="Naraporn" last="Prayoonwiwat">Naraporn Prayoonwiwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, May" sort="Han, May" uniqKey="Han M" first="May" last="Han">May Han</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellwig, Kerstin" sort="Hellwig, Kerstin" uniqKey="Hellwig K" first="Kerstin" last="Hellwig">Kerstin Hellwig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>St Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>St Josef Hospital, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Herle, Katja" sort="Van Herle, Katja" uniqKey="Van Herle K" first="Katja" last="Van Herle">Katja Van Herle</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>The GJCF, San Diego, California.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The GJCF, San Diego</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John, Gareth" sort="John, Gareth" uniqKey="John G" first="Gareth" last="John">Gareth John</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Mount Sinai Hospital, New York</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooper, D Craig" sort="Hooper, D Craig" uniqKey="Hooper D" first="D Craig" last="Hooper">D Craig Hooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakashima, Ichiro" sort="Nakashima, Ichiro" uniqKey="Nakashima I" first="Ichiro" last="Nakashima">Ichiro Nakashima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Douglas" sort="Sato, Douglas" uniqKey="Sato D" first="Douglas" last="Sato">Douglas Sato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeaman, Michael R" sort="Yeaman, Michael R" uniqKey="Yeaman M" first="Michael R" last="Yeaman">Michael R. Yeaman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, Los Angeles.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waubant, Emmanuelle" sort="Waubant, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Waubant E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Waubant">Emmanuelle Waubant</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, San Francisco.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamvil, Scott" sort="Zamvil, Scott" uniqKey="Zamvil S" first="Scott" last="Zamvil">Scott Zamvil</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, San Francisco.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stuve, Olaf" sort="Stuve, Olaf" uniqKey="Stuve O" first="Olaf" last="Stüve">Olaf Stüve</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Dallas</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aktas, Orhan" sort="Aktas, Orhan" uniqKey="Aktas O" first="Orhan" last="Aktas">Orhan Aktas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Düsseldorf</region><settlement type="city">Düsseldorf</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Terry J" sort="Smith, Terry J" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Terry J" last="Smith">Terry J. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ann Arbor</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacob, Anu" sort="Jacob, Anu" uniqKey="Jacob A" first="Anu" last="Jacob">Anu Jacob</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Walton Center, Liverpool, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Walton Center, Liverpool</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connor, Kevin" sort="O Connor, Kevin" uniqKey="O Connor K" first="Kevin" last="O'Connor">Kevin O'Connor</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26010909</idno><idno type="pmid">26010909</idno><idno type="doi">10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0248</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002B62</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002B62</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002A90</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002A90</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002A90</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002A90</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002617</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002617</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002617</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002666</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.</title><author><name sortKey="Kremer, Stephane" sort="Kremer, Stephane" uniqKey="Kremer S" first="Stephane" last="Kremer">Stephane Kremer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>ICube (UMR 7357, UdS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Fédération de médecine translationelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France2Department of Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ICube (UMR 7357, UdS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Fédération de médecine translationelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France2Department of Radiology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region><region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Renard, Felix" sort="Renard, Felix" uniqKey="Renard F" first="Felix" last="Renard">Felix Renard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique, Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique, Grenoble</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achard, Sophie" sort="Achard, Sophie" uniqKey="Achard S" first="Sophie" last="Achard">Sophie Achard</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique, Grenoble, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automatique, Grenoble</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Grenoble</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lana Peixoto, Marco A" sort="Lana Peixoto, Marco A" uniqKey="Lana Peixoto M" first="Marco A" last="Lana-Peixoto">Marco A. Lana-Peixoto</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>CIEM MS Research Center, University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>CIEM MS Research Center, University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palace, Jacqueline" sort="Palace, Jacqueline" uniqKey="Palace J" first="Jacqueline" last="Palace">Jacqueline Palace</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asgari, Nasrin" sort="Asgari, Nasrin" uniqKey="Asgari N" first="Nasrin" last="Asgari">Nasrin Asgari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense7Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense7Department of Neurology, Vejle Hospital, Vejle</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Vejle</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klawiter, Eric C" sort="Klawiter, Eric C" uniqKey="Klawiter E" first="Eric C" last="Klawiter">Eric C. Klawiter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tenembaum, Silvia N" sort="Tenembaum, Silvia N" uniqKey="Tenembaum S" first="Silvia N" last="Tenembaum">Silvia N. Tenembaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, National Pediatric Hospital Dr Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, National Pediatric Hospital Dr Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banwell, Brenda" sort="Banwell, Brenda" uniqKey="Banwell B" first="Brenda" last="Banwell">Brenda Banwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia11Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia11Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Greenberg, Benjamin M" sort="Greenberg, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Greenberg B" first="Benjamin M" last="Greenberg">Benjamin M. Greenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Dallas</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bennett, Jeffrey L" sort="Bennett, Jeffrey L" uniqKey="Bennett J" first="Jeffrey L" last="Bennett">Jeffrey L. Bennett</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora15Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Aurora</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Michael" sort="Levy, Michael" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Michael" last="Levy">Michael Levy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villoslada, Pablo" sort="Villoslada, Pablo" uniqKey="Villoslada P" first="Pablo" last="Villoslada">Pablo Villoslada</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saiz, Albert" sort="Saiz, Albert" uniqKey="Saiz A" first="Albert" last="Saiz">Albert Saiz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer-Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujihara, Kazuo" sort="Fujihara, Kazuo" uniqKey="Fujihara K" first="Kazuo" last="Fujihara">Kazuo Fujihara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Koon Ho" sort="Chan, Koon Ho" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Koon Ho" last="Chan">Koon Ho Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University Department of Medicine, Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>University Department of Medicine, Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schippling, Sven" sort="Schippling, Sven" uniqKey="Schippling S" first="Sven" last="Schippling">Sven Schippling</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland21Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland22Neuroscience Center Zurich, Federal Technical High School Zurich, Zurich, S.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">S</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paul, Friedemann" sort="Paul, Friedemann" uniqKey="Paul F" first="Friedemann" last="Paul">Friedemann Paul</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany25Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany26Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Ger.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ger</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Ho Jin" sort="Kim, Ho Jin" uniqKey="Kim H" first="Ho Jin" last="Kim">Ho Jin Kim</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea28Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Research Institute, Goyang, Korea28Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Goyang</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Seze, Jerome" sort="De Seze, Jerome" uniqKey="De Seze J" first="Jerome" last="De Seze">Jerome De Seze</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France30Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 1434), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France31UMR INSERM 1119 and Fédération de médecine translationelle, Strasbourg.</nlm:affiliation><country>France</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France30Clinical Investigation Center (INSERM 1434), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France31UMR INSERM 1119 and Fédération de médecine translationelle</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wuerfel, Jens T" sort="Wuerfel, Jens T" uniqKey="Wuerfel J" first="Jens T" last="Wuerfel">Jens T. Wuerfel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany25Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany26Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Ger.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ger</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cabre, Philippe" sort="Cabre, Philippe" uniqKey="Cabre P" first="Philippe" last="Cabre">Philippe Cabre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>CHU de Fort de France, Martinique.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Martinique</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marignier, Romain" sort="Marignier, Romain" uniqKey="Marignier R" first="Romain" last="Marignier">Romain Marignier</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>CHU, Lyon, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>CHU, Lyon</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Lyon</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tedder, Thomas" sort="Tedder, Thomas" uniqKey="Tedder T" first="Thomas" last="Tedder">Thomas Tedder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Caroline du Nord</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Duke University School of Medicine, Durham</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Pelt, Danielle" sort="Van Pelt, Danielle" uniqKey="Van Pelt D" first="Danielle" last="Van Pelt">Danielle Van Pelt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Erasmus MC, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rotterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Méridionale</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Broadley, Simon" sort="Broadley, Simon" uniqKey="Broadley S" first="Simon" last="Broadley">Simon Broadley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Griffith University, Southport, Queensland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chitnis, Tanuja" sort="Chitnis, Tanuja" uniqKey="Chitnis T" first="Tanuja" last="Chitnis">Tanuja Chitnis</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Boston</settlement><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wingerchuk, Dean" sort="Wingerchuk, Dean" uniqKey="Wingerchuk D" first="Dean" last="Wingerchuk">Dean Wingerchuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pandit, Lekha" sort="Pandit, Lekha" uniqKey="Pandit L" first="Lekha" last="Pandit">Lekha Pandit</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Karnataka</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leite, Maria Isabel" sort="Leite, Maria Isabel" uniqKey="Leite M" first="Maria Isabel" last="Leite">Maria Isabel Leite</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Oxford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Apiwattanakul, Metha" sort="Apiwattanakul, Metha" uniqKey="Apiwattanakul M" first="Metha" last="Apiwattanakul">Metha Apiwattanakul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Prasat Neurological Institute, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kleiter, Ingo" sort="Kleiter, Ingo" uniqKey="Kleiter I" first="Ingo" last="Kleiter">Ingo Kleiter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Ruhr University, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn" sort="Prayoonwiwat, Naraporn" uniqKey="Prayoonwiwat N" first="Naraporn" last="Prayoonwiwat">Naraporn Prayoonwiwat</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bangkok</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Han, May" sort="Han, May" uniqKey="Han M" first="May" last="Han">May Han</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellwig, Kerstin" sort="Hellwig, Kerstin" uniqKey="Hellwig K" first="Kerstin" last="Hellwig">Kerstin Hellwig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>St Josef Hospital, Bochum, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>St Josef Hospital, Bochum</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bochum</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Herle, Katja" sort="Van Herle, Katja" uniqKey="Van Herle K" first="Katja" last="Van Herle">Katja Van Herle</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>The GJCF, San Diego, California.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The GJCF, San Diego</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John, Gareth" sort="John, Gareth" uniqKey="John G" first="Gareth" last="John">Gareth John</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Mount Sinai Hospital, New York</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hooper, D Craig" sort="Hooper, D Craig" uniqKey="Hooper D" first="D Craig" last="Hooper">D Craig Hooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakashima, Ichiro" sort="Nakashima, Ichiro" uniqKey="Nakashima I" first="Ichiro" last="Nakashima">Ichiro Nakashima</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sato, Douglas" sort="Sato, Douglas" uniqKey="Sato D" first="Douglas" last="Sato">Douglas Sato</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sendai</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yeaman, Michael R" sort="Yeaman, Michael R" uniqKey="Yeaman M" first="Michael R" last="Yeaman">Michael R. Yeaman</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, Los Angeles.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Waubant, Emmanuelle" sort="Waubant, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Waubant E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Waubant">Emmanuelle Waubant</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, San Francisco.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamvil, Scott" sort="Zamvil, Scott" uniqKey="Zamvil S" first="Scott" last="Zamvil">Scott Zamvil</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of California, San Francisco.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">San Francisco</settlement><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>University of California</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stuve, Olaf" sort="Stuve, Olaf" uniqKey="Stuve O" first="Olaf" last="Stüve">Olaf Stüve</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.</nlm:affiliation><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Dallas</settlement><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas13Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aktas, Orhan" sort="Aktas, Orhan" uniqKey="Aktas O" first="Orhan" last="Aktas">Orhan Aktas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Düsseldorf</region><settlement type="city">Düsseldorf</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Terry J" sort="Smith, Terry J" uniqKey="Smith T" first="Terry J" last="Smith">Terry J. Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.</nlm:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Ann Arbor</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacob, Anu" sort="Jacob, Anu" uniqKey="Jacob A" first="Anu" last="Jacob">Anu Jacob</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Walton Center, Liverpool, England.</nlm:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><region type="country">Angleterre</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Walton Center, Liverpool</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Connor, Kevin" sort="O Connor, Kevin" uniqKey="O Connor K" first="Kevin" last="O'Connor">Kevin O'Connor</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Connecticut</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">JAMA neurology</title><idno type="eISSN">2168-6157</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Trials as Topic (methods)</term><term>Diffusion Tensor Imaging (utilization)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (utilization)</term><term>Neuromyelitis Optica (diagnosis)</term><term>Neuromyelitis Optica (epidemiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Essais cliniques comme sujet ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique (utilisation)</term><term>Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion (utilisation)</term><term>Neuromyélite optique (diagnostic)</term><term>Neuromyélite optique (épidémiologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuromyelitis Optica</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Neuromyélite optique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Neuromyelitis Optica</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Clinical Trials as Topic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="utilisation" xml:lang="fr"><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term><term>Imagerie par tenseur de diffusion</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="utilization" xml:lang="en"><term>Diffusion Tensor Imaging</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Neuromyélite optique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Humans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Essais cliniques comme sujet</term><term>Humains</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Brain parenchymal lesions are frequently observed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder, but the specific morphological and temporal patterns distinguishing them unequivocally from lesions caused by other disorders have not been identified. This literature review summarizes the literature on advanced quantitative imaging measures reported for patients with NMO spectrum disorder, including proton MR spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, quantitative MR volumetry, and ultrahigh-field strength MRI. It was undertaken to consider the advanced MRI techniques used for patients with NMO by different specialists in the field. Although quantitative measures such as proton MR spectroscopy or magnetization transfer imaging have not reproducibly revealed diffuse brain injury, preliminary data from diffusion-weighted imaging and brain tissue volumetry indicate greater white matter than gray matter degradation. These findings could be confirmed by ultrahigh-field MRI. The use of nonconventional MRI techniques may further our understanding of the pathogenic processes in NMO spectrum disorders and may help us identify the distinct radiographic features corresponding to specific phenotypic manifestations of this disease.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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