Spatially explicit estimates of N2 O emissions from croplands suggest climate mitigation opportunities from improved fertilizer management.
Identifieur interne : 001724 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001723; suivant : 001725Spatially explicit estimates of N2 O emissions from croplands suggest climate mitigation opportunities from improved fertilizer management.
Auteurs : James S. Gerber [États-Unis] ; Kimberly M. Carlson [États-Unis] ; David Makowski [France] ; Nathaniel D. Mueller [États-Unis] ; I Aki Garcia De Cortazar-Atauri [France] ; Petr Havlík [Autriche] ; Mario Herrero [Australie] ; Marie Launay [France] ; Christine S. O'Connell [États-Unis] ; Pete Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul C. West [États-Unis]Source :
- Global change biology [ 1365-2486 ] ; 2016.
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Abstract
With increasing nitrogen (N) application to croplands required to support growing food demand, mitigating N2 O emissions from agricultural soils is a global challenge. National greenhouse gas emissions accounting typically estimates N2 O emissions at the country scale by aggregating all crops, under the assumption that N2 O emissions are linearly related to N application. However, field studies and meta-analyses indicate a nonlinear relationship, in which N2 O emissions are relatively greater at higher N application rates. Here, we apply a super-linear emissions response model to crop-specific, spatially explicit synthetic N fertilizer and manure N inputs to provide subnational accounting of global N2 O emissions from croplands. We estimate 0.66 Tg of N2 O-N direct global emissions circa 2000, with 50% of emissions concentrated in 13% of harvested area. Compared to estimates from the IPCC Tier 1 linear model, our updated N2 O emissions range from 20% to 40% lower throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe, to >120% greater in some Western European countries. At low N application rates, the weak nonlinear response of N2 O emissions suggests that relatively large increases in N fertilizer application would generate relatively small increases in N2 O emissions. As aggregated fertilizer data generate underestimation bias in nonlinear models, high-resolution N application data are critical to support accurate N2 O emissions estimates.
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13341
PubMed: 27185532
Affiliations:
- Australie, Autriche, France, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Massachusetts
- Cambridge (Massachusetts)
- Université Harvard
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O'Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Pete" sort="Smith, Pete" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Pete" last="Smith">Pete Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UU, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences & ClimateXChange, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UU</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>AB24 3UU</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="West, Paul C" sort="West, Paul C" uniqKey="West P" first="Paul C" last="West">Paul C. West</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute on the Environment (IonE), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>55108</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Global change biology</title><idno type="eISSN">1365-2486</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term><term>Climate</term><term>Crops, Agricultural</term><term>Europe, Eastern</term><term>Fertilizers</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide</term><term>Nitrous Oxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique subsaharienne</term><term>Climat</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote</term><term>Engrais</term><term>Europe de l'Est</term><term>Produits agricoles</term><term>Protoxyde d'azote</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Fertilizers</term><term>Nitrogen Dioxide</term><term>Nitrous Oxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa South of the Sahara</term><term>Climate</term><term>Crops, Agricultural</term><term>Europe, Eastern</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique subsaharienne</term><term>Climat</term><term>Dioxyde d'azote</term><term>Engrais</term><term>Europe de l'Est</term><term>Produits agricoles</term><term>Protoxyde d'azote</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">With increasing nitrogen (N) application to croplands required to support growing food demand, mitigating N2 O emissions from agricultural soils is a global challenge. National greenhouse gas emissions accounting typically estimates N2 O emissions at the country scale by aggregating all crops, under the assumption that N2 O emissions are linearly related to N application. However, field studies and meta-analyses indicate a nonlinear relationship, in which N2 O emissions are relatively greater at higher N application rates. Here, we apply a super-linear emissions response model to crop-specific, spatially explicit synthetic N fertilizer and manure N inputs to provide subnational accounting of global N2 O emissions from croplands. We estimate 0.66 Tg of N2 O-N direct global emissions circa 2000, with 50% of emissions concentrated in 13% of harvested area. Compared to estimates from the IPCC Tier 1 linear model, our updated N2 O emissions range from 20% to 40% lower throughout sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe, to >120% greater in some Western European countries. At low N application rates, the weak nonlinear response of N2 O emissions suggests that relatively large increases in N fertilizer application would generate relatively small increases in N2 O emissions. As aggregated fertilizer data generate underestimation bias in nonlinear models, high-resolution N application data are critical to support accurate N2 O emissions estimates.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Autriche</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Massachusetts</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge (Massachusetts)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Harvard</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gerber, James S" sort="Gerber, James S" uniqKey="Gerber J" first="James S" last="Gerber">James S. Gerber</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Carlson, Kimberly M" sort="Carlson, Kimberly M" uniqKey="Carlson K" first="Kimberly M" last="Carlson">Kimberly M. Carlson</name><name sortKey="Mueller, Nathaniel D" sort="Mueller, Nathaniel D" uniqKey="Mueller N" first="Nathaniel D" last="Mueller">Nathaniel D. Mueller</name><name sortKey="O Connell, Christine S" sort="O Connell, Christine S" uniqKey="O Connell C" first="Christine S" last="O'Connell">Christine S. O'Connell</name><name sortKey="West, Paul C" sort="West, Paul C" uniqKey="West P" first="Paul C" last="West">Paul C. West</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Makowski, David" sort="Makowski, David" uniqKey="Makowski D" first="David" last="Makowski">David Makowski</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Garcia De Cortazar Atauri, I Aki" sort="Garcia De Cortazar Atauri, I Aki" uniqKey="Garcia De Cortazar Atauri I" first="I Aki" last="Garcia De Cortazar-Atauri">I Aki Garcia De Cortazar-Atauri</name><name sortKey="Launay, Marie" sort="Launay, Marie" uniqKey="Launay M" first="Marie" last="Launay">Marie Launay</name></country><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Havlik, Petr" sort="Havlik, Petr" uniqKey="Havlik P" first="Petr" last="Havlík">Petr Havlík</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Herrero, Mario" sort="Herrero, Mario" uniqKey="Herrero M" first="Mario" last="Herrero">Mario Herrero</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Smith, Pete" sort="Smith, Pete" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Pete" last="Smith">Pete Smith</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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