The invertebrate fauna on broom, Cytisus scoparius ,in two native and two exotic habitats
Identifieur interne : 00BF27 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 00BF26; suivant : 00BF28The invertebrate fauna on broom, Cytisus scoparius ,in two native and two exotic habitats
Auteurs : Jane Memmott [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon V. Fowler [Royaume-Uni] ; Quentin Paynter [France] ; Andrew W. Sheppard [Australie] ; Pauline Syrett [Royaume-Uni, Nouvelle-Zélande]Source :
- Acta Oecologica [ 1146-609X ] ; 2000.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- geographic : Australie, France.
- topic : Biomasse, Faune, Habitat, Mineur (ouvrier), Dynamique de la population.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acta oecologica, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Alien plant, Alien plants, Australia, Average abundance, Beneficial animal, Biocontrol, Biocontrol agents, Biological control, Biomass, Broom, Broom bushes, Broom phytophages, Community structure, Cytisus, Cytisus scoparius, Ecol, Ecological abundance, Empty phytophage niches, English sites, Entomol, Exotic, Exotic countries, Exotic habitats, Fauna, Feeder, Food web, France, Generalist, Generalist biomass, Generalist phytophage species, Generalist phytophages, Gure, Habitat, Herbivore, Homoptera, Host plant, Host range, Insect fauna, International institute, Intraspecific comparison, Introduced species, Invasive species, Invertebrata, Invertebrate, Invertebrate biomass, Invertebrate fauna, Memmott, Miner, Native countries, Native habitats, Native plant, Native species, Natural enemies, Philaenus spumarius, Phytophage, Phytophage abundance, Phytophage community, Phytophage diversity, Phytophage species, Phytophages, Phytophagous, Phytophagous insects, Phytophagous species, Plant species, Population dynamics, Predator, Prey biomass, Programme, Sampling broom, Sampling efficiency, Scoparius, Scotch broom, Seed feeders, Southern california, Spartifoliella, Specialist biomass, Specialist phytophages, Tribe genisteae, Weed, Weed biological control, Zealand, alien plant, broom, food web, herbivore, native plant.
- Teeft :
- Acta oecologica, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Alien plant, Alien plants, Average abundance, Biocontrol, Biocontrol agents, Biological control, Biomass, Broom, Broom bushes, Broom phytophages, Cytisus, Cytisus scoparius, Ecol, Empty phytophage niches, English sites, Entomol, Exotic, Exotic countries, Exotic habitats, Fauna, Feeder, Generalist, Generalist biomass, Generalist phytophage species, Generalist phytophages, Gure, Herbivore, Homoptera, Host plant, Host range, Insect fauna, International institute, Invertebrate, Invertebrate biomass, Invertebrate fauna, Memmott, Miner, Native countries, Native habitats, Native plant, Natural enemies, Philaenus spumarius, Phytophage, Phytophage abundance, Phytophage community, Phytophage diversity, Phytophage species, Phytophages, Phytophagous, Phytophagous insects, Phytophagous species, Plant species, Population dynamics, Predator, Prey biomass, Programme, Sampling broom, Sampling efficiency, Scoparius, Scotch broom, Seed feeders, Southern california, Spartifoliella, Specialist biomass, Specialist phytophages, Tribe genisteae, Weed, Zealand.
Abstract
Abstract: This study quantifies the invertebrate fauna found on broom, Cytisus scoparius, L. (Link), in two countries where it grows as a native plant (France and England) and two countries where it grows as an alien plant (New Zealand and Australia). The data are used to test three hypotheses concerning the predicted differences in invertebrate community structure in native versus exotic habitats: (1) Are generalist phytophages dominant in exotic habitats and specialist phytophages dominant in native habitats? (2) Are there empty phytophage niches in exotic habitats? (3) As a plant species accumulates phytophages, do these in turn accumulate natural enemies? The broom fauna was sampled at five sites in each country by beating five broom bushes per site. The sampling efficiency of beating was quantified at one field site and it was shown to collect 87 % of invertebrate abundance, 95 % of invertebrate biomass and 100 % of phytophagous species found on the branches. Generalist phytophages were dominant on broom in exotic habitats and specialists dominant on broom in the native habitats. Thus, the two countries where broom grows as a native plant had higher numbers of total phytophage species and a higher abundance of specialist phytophages per bush. There was no significant difference in the average abundance of generalist phytophage species found per bush in native and alien habitats. Phytophages were assigned to seven feeding niches: suckers, root feeders, external chewers, flower feeders, seed feeders, miners and pollen feeders. Empty niches were found in the exotic habitats; species exploiting structurally specific parts of the host plant, such as flowers and seeds, were absent in the countries where broom grows as an alien plant. The pattern of niche occupancy was similar between native and exotic habitats when just the generalist phytophages were considered. As phytophage abundance and biomass increased, there were concomitant increases in natural enemy abundance and biomass. Thus, it appears that as plants accumulate phytophages, the phytophages in turn accumulate natural enemies and a food web develops around the plant. Moreover, in the native countries, the history of association between the natural enemies and their prey has been sufficient for specialist predators and parasitoids, feeding on the specialist phytophages, to have evolved.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S1146-609X(00)00124-7
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Royaume-Uni
- Languedoc-Roussillon, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Montferrier-sur-Lez
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Le document en format XML
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<term>Cytisus</term>
<term>Cytisus scoparius</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: This study quantifies the invertebrate fauna found on broom, Cytisus scoparius, L. (Link), in two countries where it grows as a native plant (France and England) and two countries where it grows as an alien plant (New Zealand and Australia). The data are used to test three hypotheses concerning the predicted differences in invertebrate community structure in native versus exotic habitats: (1) Are generalist phytophages dominant in exotic habitats and specialist phytophages dominant in native habitats? (2) Are there empty phytophage niches in exotic habitats? (3) As a plant species accumulates phytophages, do these in turn accumulate natural enemies? The broom fauna was sampled at five sites in each country by beating five broom bushes per site. The sampling efficiency of beating was quantified at one field site and it was shown to collect 87 % of invertebrate abundance, 95 % of invertebrate biomass and 100 % of phytophagous species found on the branches. Generalist phytophages were dominant on broom in exotic habitats and specialists dominant on broom in the native habitats. Thus, the two countries where broom grows as a native plant had higher numbers of total phytophage species and a higher abundance of specialist phytophages per bush. There was no significant difference in the average abundance of generalist phytophage species found per bush in native and alien habitats. Phytophages were assigned to seven feeding niches: suckers, root feeders, external chewers, flower feeders, seed feeders, miners and pollen feeders. Empty niches were found in the exotic habitats; species exploiting structurally specific parts of the host plant, such as flowers and seeds, were absent in the countries where broom grows as an alien plant. The pattern of niche occupancy was similar between native and exotic habitats when just the generalist phytophages were considered. As phytophage abundance and biomass increased, there were concomitant increases in natural enemy abundance and biomass. Thus, it appears that as plants accumulate phytophages, the phytophages in turn accumulate natural enemies and a food web develops around the plant. Moreover, in the native countries, the history of association between the natural enemies and their prey has been sufficient for specialist predators and parasitoids, feeding on the specialist phytophages, to have evolved.</div>
</front>
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