Genome structure impacts molecular evolution at the AvrLm1 avirulence locus of the plant pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans
Identifieur interne : 009157 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 009156; suivant : 009158Genome structure impacts molecular evolution at the AvrLm1 avirulence locus of the plant pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans
Auteurs : Lilian Gout [France] ; Marie Line Kuhn [France] ; Lucie Vincenot [France] ; Sylvie Bernard-Samain [France] ; Laurence Cattolico [France] ; Martin Barbetti [Australie] ; Onésimo Moreno-Rico [Mexique] ; Marie-Hélène Balesdent [France] ; Thierry Rouxel [France]Source :
- Environmental Microbiology [ 1462-2912 ] ; 2007-12.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Accession, Allele, Attard, Avirulence, Avirulence genes, Avirulent, Avrlm1, Avrlm1 chromosome, Avrlm1 contig, Avrlm1 gene, Avrlm1 genomic region, Avrlm1 locus, Avrlm1 noti fragment, Avrlm1 region, Balesdent, Barbetti, Blackwell publishing, Brassica, Brassica napus, Breakpoints, Chef electrophoresis, Chromosomal, Chromosome, Clone, Complete copy, Contig, Contigs, Cultivar, Deletion, Deletion breakpoints, Dispensable, Environmental microbiology, French populations, Fungal, Fungal genet biol, Gene, Genet, Genome, Genomic, Genomic region, Gout, Government works, Government works evolution, Haplotype, Journal compilation, Leptosphaeria, Leptosphaeria maculans, Lmmet, Lmufd, Locus, Maculans, Microbe, Microbiol, Microbiology, Molecular mechanisms, Mutation, Napu, Noti, Noti fragment, Nzt4, Oilseed rape, Olly, Pathogen, Pathogen populations, Pathogenicity, Pathol, Pholy, Plant cell, Plant microbe, Plant pathol, Polly, Polymorphism, Rearrangement, Recombination, Rep2, Rep2 segment, Rep2b, Rep2c, Retrotransposons, Rlm1, Rlm1 cultivars, Rouxel, Selection pressure, Sequencing, Southern analysis, Vir1, Virulent, Westar, Western australia.
- Teeft :
- Accession, Allele, Attard, Avirulence, Avirulence genes, Avirulent, Avrlm1, Avrlm1 chromosome, Avrlm1 contig, Avrlm1 gene, Avrlm1 genomic region, Avrlm1 locus, Avrlm1 noti fragment, Avrlm1 region, Balesdent, Barbetti, Blackwell publishing, Brassica, Brassica napus, Breakpoints, Chef electrophoresis, Chromosomal, Chromosome, Clone, Complete copy, Contig, Contigs, Cultivar, Deletion, Deletion breakpoints, Dispensable, Environmental microbiology, French populations, Fungal, Fungal genet biol, Gene, Genet, Genome, Genomic, Genomic region, Gout, Government works, Government works evolution, Haplotype, Journal compilation, Leptosphaeria, Leptosphaeria maculans, Lmmet, Lmufd, Locus, Maculans, Microbe, Microbiol, Microbiology, Molecular mechanisms, Mutation, Napu, Noti, Noti fragment, Nzt4, Oilseed rape, Olly, Pathogen, Pathogen populations, Pathogenicity, Pathol, Pholy, Plant cell, Plant microbe, Plant pathol, Polly, Polymorphism, Rearrangement, Recombination, Rep2, Rep2 segment, Rep2b, Rep2c, Retrotransposons, Rlm1, Rlm1 cultivars, Rouxel, Selection pressure, Sequencing, Southern analysis, Vir1, Virulent, Westar, Western australia.
Abstract
Leptosphaeria maculans, a dothideomycete fungus causing stem canker on oilseed rape, develops gene‐for‐gene interactions with its host plants. It has the ability to rapidly adapt to selection pressure exerted by cultivars harbouring novel resistance genes as exemplified recently by the 3‐year evolution towards virulence at the AvrLm1 locus in French populations. The AvrLm1 avirulence gene was recently cloned and shown to be a solo gene within a 269 kb non‐coding, heterochromatin‐like region. Here we describe the sequencing of the AvrLm1 genomic region in one avirulent and two virulent isolates to investigate the molecular basis of evolution towards virulence at the AvrLm1 locus. For these virulent isolates, the gain of virulence was linked to a 260 kb deletion of a chromosomal segment spanning AvrLm1 and deletion breakpoints were identical or similar. Among the 460 isolates analysed from France, Australia and Mexico, a similar large deletion was apparent in > 90% of the virulent isolates. Deletion breakpoints were also strongly conserved in most of the virulent isolates, which led to the hypothesis that a unique deletion event leading to the avrLm1 virulence has diffused in pathogen populations. These data finally suggest that retrotransposons are key drivers in genome evolution and adaptation to novel selection pressure in L. maculans.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01408.x
Affiliations:
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F‐78026 Versailles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bernard Amain, Sylvie" sort="Bernard Amain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Bernard Amain S" first="Sylvie" last="Bernard-Samain">Sylvie Bernard-Samain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Genoscope‐Centre National de Séquençage, F‐91057 Evry Cedex</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>91057 Evry Cedex</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>F‐91057 Evry Cedex</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cattolico, Laurence" sort="Cattolico, Laurence" uniqKey="Cattolico L" first="Laurence" last="Cattolico">Laurence Cattolico</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Genoscope‐Centre National de Séquençage, F‐91057 Evry Cedex</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Evry</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barbetti, Martin" sort="Barbetti, Martin" uniqKey="Barbetti M" first="Martin" last="Barbetti">Martin Barbetti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Plant Biology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>WA 6009</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moreno Ico, Onesimo" sort="Moreno Ico, Onesimo" uniqKey="Moreno Ico O" first="Onésimo" last="Moreno-Rico">Onésimo Moreno-Rico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology Department, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, CP 20100, Aguascalientes, Ags.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ags.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balesdent, Marie Elene" sort="Balesdent, Marie Elene" uniqKey="Balesdent M" first="Marie-Hélène" last="Balesdent">Marie-Hélène Balesdent</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR1290 BIOGER‐CPP, F‐78026 Versailles</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Versailles</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rouxel, Thierry" sort="Rouxel, Thierry" uniqKey="Rouxel T" first="Thierry" last="Rouxel">Thierry Rouxel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INRA, UMR1290 BIOGER‐CPP, F‐78026 Versailles</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>78026 Versailles</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>F‐78026 Versailles</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Environmental Microbiology</title><title level="j" type="alt">ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">1462-2912</idno><idno type="eISSN">1462-2920</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2978">2978</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2992">2992</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">15</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2007-12">2007-12</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1462-2912</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1462-2912</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Accession</term><term>Allele</term><term>Attard</term><term>Avirulence</term><term>Avirulence genes</term><term>Avirulent</term><term>Avrlm1</term><term>Avrlm1 chromosome</term><term>Avrlm1 contig</term><term>Avrlm1 gene</term><term>Avrlm1 genomic region</term><term>Avrlm1 locus</term><term>Avrlm1 noti fragment</term><term>Avrlm1 region</term><term>Balesdent</term><term>Barbetti</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Brassica</term><term>Brassica napus</term><term>Breakpoints</term><term>Chef electrophoresis</term><term>Chromosomal</term><term>Chromosome</term><term>Clone</term><term>Complete copy</term><term>Contig</term><term>Contigs</term><term>Cultivar</term><term>Deletion</term><term>Deletion breakpoints</term><term>Dispensable</term><term>Environmental microbiology</term><term>French populations</term><term>Fungal</term><term>Fungal genet biol</term><term>Gene</term><term>Genet</term><term>Genome</term><term>Genomic</term><term>Genomic region</term><term>Gout</term><term>Government works</term><term>Government works evolution</term><term>Haplotype</term><term>Journal compilation</term><term>Leptosphaeria</term><term>Leptosphaeria maculans</term><term>Lmmet</term><term>Lmufd</term><term>Locus</term><term>Maculans</term><term>Microbe</term><term>Microbiol</term><term>Microbiology</term><term>Molecular mechanisms</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Napu</term><term>Noti</term><term>Noti fragment</term><term>Nzt4</term><term>Oilseed rape</term><term>Olly</term><term>Pathogen</term><term>Pathogen populations</term><term>Pathogenicity</term><term>Pathol</term><term>Pholy</term><term>Plant cell</term><term>Plant microbe</term><term>Plant pathol</term><term>Polly</term><term>Polymorphism</term><term>Rearrangement</term><term>Recombination</term><term>Rep2</term><term>Rep2 segment</term><term>Rep2b</term><term>Rep2c</term><term>Retrotransposons</term><term>Rlm1</term><term>Rlm1 cultivars</term><term>Rouxel</term><term>Selection pressure</term><term>Sequencing</term><term>Southern analysis</term><term>Vir1</term><term>Virulent</term><term>Westar</term><term>Western australia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Accession</term><term>Allele</term><term>Attard</term><term>Avirulence</term><term>Avirulence genes</term><term>Avirulent</term><term>Avrlm1</term><term>Avrlm1 chromosome</term><term>Avrlm1 contig</term><term>Avrlm1 gene</term><term>Avrlm1 genomic region</term><term>Avrlm1 locus</term><term>Avrlm1 noti fragment</term><term>Avrlm1 region</term><term>Balesdent</term><term>Barbetti</term><term>Blackwell publishing</term><term>Brassica</term><term>Brassica napus</term><term>Breakpoints</term><term>Chef electrophoresis</term><term>Chromosomal</term><term>Chromosome</term><term>Clone</term><term>Complete copy</term><term>Contig</term><term>Contigs</term><term>Cultivar</term><term>Deletion</term><term>Deletion breakpoints</term><term>Dispensable</term><term>Environmental microbiology</term><term>French populations</term><term>Fungal</term><term>Fungal genet biol</term><term>Gene</term><term>Genet</term><term>Genome</term><term>Genomic</term><term>Genomic region</term><term>Gout</term><term>Government works</term><term>Government works evolution</term><term>Haplotype</term><term>Journal compilation</term><term>Leptosphaeria</term><term>Leptosphaeria maculans</term><term>Lmmet</term><term>Lmufd</term><term>Locus</term><term>Maculans</term><term>Microbe</term><term>Microbiol</term><term>Microbiology</term><term>Molecular mechanisms</term><term>Mutation</term><term>Napu</term><term>Noti</term><term>Noti fragment</term><term>Nzt4</term><term>Oilseed rape</term><term>Olly</term><term>Pathogen</term><term>Pathogen populations</term><term>Pathogenicity</term><term>Pathol</term><term>Pholy</term><term>Plant cell</term><term>Plant microbe</term><term>Plant pathol</term><term>Polly</term><term>Polymorphism</term><term>Rearrangement</term><term>Recombination</term><term>Rep2</term><term>Rep2 segment</term><term>Rep2b</term><term>Rep2c</term><term>Retrotransposons</term><term>Rlm1</term><term>Rlm1 cultivars</term><term>Rouxel</term><term>Selection pressure</term><term>Sequencing</term><term>Southern analysis</term><term>Vir1</term><term>Virulent</term><term>Westar</term><term>Western australia</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Leptosphaeria maculans, a dothideomycete fungus causing stem canker on oilseed rape, develops gene‐for‐gene interactions with its host plants. It has the ability to rapidly adapt to selection pressure exerted by cultivars harbouring novel resistance genes as exemplified recently by the 3‐year evolution towards virulence at the AvrLm1 locus in French populations. The AvrLm1 avirulence gene was recently cloned and shown to be a solo gene within a 269 kb non‐coding, heterochromatin‐like region. Here we describe the sequencing of the AvrLm1 genomic region in one avirulent and two virulent isolates to investigate the molecular basis of evolution towards virulence at the AvrLm1 locus. For these virulent isolates, the gain of virulence was linked to a 260 kb deletion of a chromosomal segment spanning AvrLm1 and deletion breakpoints were identical or similar. Among the 460 isolates analysed from France, Australia and Mexico, a similar large deletion was apparent in > 90% of the virulent isolates. Deletion breakpoints were also strongly conserved in most of the virulent isolates, which led to the hypothesis that a unique deletion event leading to the avrLm1 virulence has diffused in pathogen populations. These data finally suggest that retrotransposons are key drivers in genome evolution and adaptation to novel selection pressure in L. maculans.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Mexique</li></country><region><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Evry</li><li>Versailles</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Gout, Lilian" sort="Gout, Lilian" uniqKey="Gout L" first="Lilian" last="Gout">Lilian Gout</name></region><name sortKey="Balesdent, Marie Elene" sort="Balesdent, Marie Elene" uniqKey="Balesdent M" first="Marie-Hélène" last="Balesdent">Marie-Hélène Balesdent</name><name sortKey="Bernard Amain, Sylvie" sort="Bernard Amain, Sylvie" uniqKey="Bernard Amain S" first="Sylvie" last="Bernard-Samain">Sylvie Bernard-Samain</name><name sortKey="Cattolico, Laurence" sort="Cattolico, Laurence" uniqKey="Cattolico L" first="Laurence" last="Cattolico">Laurence Cattolico</name><name sortKey="Gout, Lilian" sort="Gout, Lilian" uniqKey="Gout L" first="Lilian" last="Gout">Lilian Gout</name><name sortKey="Kuhn, Marie Line" sort="Kuhn, Marie Line" uniqKey="Kuhn M" first="Marie Line" last="Kuhn">Marie Line Kuhn</name><name sortKey="Rouxel, Thierry" sort="Rouxel, Thierry" uniqKey="Rouxel T" first="Thierry" last="Rouxel">Thierry Rouxel</name><name sortKey="Vincenot, Lucie" sort="Vincenot, Lucie" uniqKey="Vincenot L" first="Lucie" last="Vincenot">Lucie Vincenot</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Barbetti, Martin" sort="Barbetti, Martin" uniqKey="Barbetti M" first="Martin" last="Barbetti">Martin Barbetti</name></noRegion></country><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Moreno Ico, Onesimo" sort="Moreno Ico, Onesimo" uniqKey="Moreno Ico O" first="Onésimo" last="Moreno-Rico">Onésimo Moreno-Rico</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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