Multiplicative interaction of functional inflammasome genetic variants in determining the risk of gout
Identifieur interne : 002B14 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002B13; suivant : 002B15Multiplicative interaction of functional inflammasome genetic variants in determining the risk of gout
Auteurs : Cushla Mckinney [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Lisa K. Stamp [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Nicola Dalbeth [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Ruth K. Topless [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Richard O. Day [Australie] ; Diluk Rw Kannangara [Australie] ; Kenneth M. Williams [Australie] ; Matthijs Janssen [Pays-Bas] ; Timothy L. Jansen [Pays-Bas] ; Leo A. Joosten [Pays-Bas] ; Timothy R. Radstake [Pays-Bas] ; Philip L. Riches [Royaume-Uni] ; Anne-Kathrin Tausche [Allemagne] ; Frederic Lioté [France] ; Alexander So [Suisse] ; Tony R. Merriman [Nouvelle-Zélande]Source :
- Arthritis Research & Therapy [ 1478-6354 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Antigènes CD14 (génétique), Enfant, Europe, Femelle, Goutte (génétique), Goutte (immunologie), Génotype, Humains, Inflammasomes (génétique), Interleukine-1 bêta (génétique), Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nouvelle-Zélande, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Polynésie, Protéines adaptatrices de signalisation CARD (génétique), Protéines tumorales (génétique), Prédisposition génétique à une maladie (génétique), Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie.
- MESH :
- génétique : Antigènes CD14, Goutte, Inflammasomes, Interleukine-1 bêta, Protéines adaptatrices de signalisation CARD, Protéines tumorales, Prédisposition génétique à une maladie.
- immunologie : Goutte.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Enfant, Europe, Femelle, Génotype, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nouvelle-Zélande, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Polynésie, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Nouvelle-Zélande.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, CD14 (genetics), CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins (genetics), Child, Europe, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics), Genotype, Gout (genetics), Gout (immunology), Humans, Inflammasomes (genetics), Interleukin-1beta (genetics), Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins (genetics), New Zealand, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Polynesia, Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Antigens, CD14, CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins, Inflammasomes, Interleukin-1beta, Neoplasm Proteins.
- geographic : Europe, New Zealand, Polynesia.
- genetics : Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Gout.
- immunology : Gout.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Young Adult.
Abstract
The acute gout flare results from a localised self-limiting innate immune response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposited in joints in hyperuricaemic individuals. Activation of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by MSU crystals and production of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central to acute gouty arthritis. However very little is known about genetic control of the innate immune response involved in acute gouty arthritis. Therefore our aim was to test functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the toll-like receptor (TLR)-inflammasome-IL-1β axis for association with gout.
1,494 gout cases of European and 863 gout cases of New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (Māori and Pacific Island) ancestry were included. Gout was diagnosed by the 1977 ARA gout classification criteria. There were 1,030 Polynesian controls and 10,942 European controls including from the publicly-available Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Framingham Heart (FHS) studies. The ten SNPs were either genotyped by Sequenom MassArray or by Affymetrix SNP array or imputed in the ARIC and FHS datasets. Allelic association was done by logistic regression adjusting by age and sex with European and Polynesian data combined by meta-analysis. Sample sets were pooled for multiplicative interaction analysis, which was also adjusted by sample set.
Eleven SNPs were tested in the
There is evidence for association of gout with functional variants in
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0802-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0802-3
PubMed: 26462562
PubMed Central: 4604627
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, France, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Suisse
- Canton de Vaud, District de Dresde, Gueldre, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Saxe (Land), Écosse
- Dresde, Lausanne, Nimègue, Sydney, Édimbourg
- Université d'Édimbourg
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Le document en format XML
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Stamp</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Christchurch</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalbeth, Nicola" sort="Dalbeth, Nicola" uniqKey="Dalbeth N" first="Nicola" last="Dalbeth">Nicola Dalbeth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Auckland</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Topless, Ruth K" sort="Topless, Ruth K" uniqKey="Topless R" first="Ruth K." last="Topless">Ruth K. Topless</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Richard O" sort="Day, Richard O" uniqKey="Day R" first="Richard O." last="Day">Richard O. Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" sort="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" uniqKey="Kannangara D" first="Diluk Rw" last="Kannangara">Diluk Rw Kannangara</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Kenneth M" sort="Williams, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Williams K" first="Kenneth M." last="Williams">Kenneth M. Williams</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Janssen, Matthijs" sort="Janssen, Matthijs" uniqKey="Janssen M" first="Matthijs" last="Janssen">Matthijs Janssen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arnhem</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Timothy L" sort="Jansen, Timothy L" uniqKey="Jansen T" first="Timothy L." last="Jansen">Timothy L. Jansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Department of IQ HealthCare, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of IQ HealthCare, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Venlo</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff8">Scientific Institute of Quality in HealthCare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific Institute of Quality in HealthCare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joosten, Leo A" sort="Joosten, Leo A" uniqKey="Joosten L" first="Leo A." last="Joosten">Leo A. Joosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Nimègue</settlement><region type="province" nuts="2">Gueldre</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Radstake, Timothy R" sort="Radstake, Timothy R" uniqKey="Radstake T" first="Timothy R." last="Radstake">Timothy R. Radstake</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>3508 GA Utrecht</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>3508 GA Utrecht</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riches, Philip L" sort="Riches, Philip L" uniqKey="Riches P" first="Philip L." last="Riches">Philip L. Riches</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Rheumatic Diseases Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tausche, Anne Kathrin" sort="Tausche, Anne Kathrin" uniqKey="Tausche A" first="Anne-Kathrin" last="Tausche">Anne-Kathrin Tausche</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Department of Rheumatology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus”, Dresden, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Rheumatology, University Clinic Carl-Gustav-Carus”, Dresden</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Dresde</region><settlement type="city">Dresde</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liote, Frederic" sort="Liote, Frederic" uniqKey="Liote F" first="Frederic" last="Lioté">Frederic Lioté</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14">INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>INSERM, UMR-S 1132, Hospital Lariboisière, F-75010 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75010 Paris</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75010 Paris</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15">University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75205 Paris</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75205 Paris</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Alexander" sort="So, Alexander" uniqKey="So A" first="Alexander" last="So">Alexander So</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff16">DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merriman, Tony R" sort="Merriman, Tony R" uniqKey="Merriman T" first="Tony R." last="Merriman">Tony R. Merriman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Arthritis Research & Therapy</title><idno type="ISSN">1478-6354</idno><idno type="eISSN">1478-6362</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Antigens, CD14 (genetics)</term><term>CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Child</term><term>Europe</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics)</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Gout (genetics)</term><term>Gout (immunology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Inflammasomes (genetics)</term><term>Interleukin-1beta (genetics)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Neoplasm Proteins (genetics)</term><term>New Zealand</term><term>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Polynesia</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Antigènes CD14 (génétique)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Europe</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Goutte (génétique)</term><term>Goutte (immunologie)</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Inflammasomes (génétique)</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta (génétique)</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nouvelle-Zélande</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Polynésie</term><term>Protéines adaptatrices de signalisation CARD (génétique)</term><term>Protéines tumorales (génétique)</term><term>Prédisposition génétique à une maladie (génétique)</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Antigens, CD14</term><term>CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins</term><term>Inflammasomes</term><term>Interleukin-1beta</term><term>Neoplasm Proteins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Europe</term><term>New Zealand</term><term>Polynesia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term><term>Gout</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antigènes CD14</term><term>Goutte</term><term>Inflammasomes</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta</term><term>Protéines adaptatrices de signalisation CARD</term><term>Protéines tumorales</term><term>Prédisposition génétique à une maladie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Goutte</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Gout</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Female</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Europe</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Génotype</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nouvelle-Zélande</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Polynésie</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nouvelle-Zélande</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>The acute gout flare results from a localised self-limiting innate immune response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposited in joints in hyperuricaemic individuals. Activation of the caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 8 (CARD8) NOD-like receptor pyrin-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome by MSU crystals and production of mature interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is central to acute gouty arthritis. However very little is known about genetic control of the innate immune response involved in acute gouty arthritis. Therefore our aim was to test functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants in the toll-like receptor (TLR)-inflammasome-IL-1β axis for association with gout.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>1,494 gout cases of European and 863 gout cases of New Zealand (NZ) Polynesian (Māori and Pacific Island) ancestry were included. Gout was diagnosed by the 1977 ARA gout classification criteria. There were 1,030 Polynesian controls and 10,942 European controls including from the publicly-available Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Framingham Heart (FHS) studies. The ten SNPs were either genotyped by Sequenom MassArray or by Affymetrix SNP array or imputed in the ARIC and FHS datasets. Allelic association was done by logistic regression adjusting by age and sex with European and Polynesian data combined by meta-analysis. Sample sets were pooled for multiplicative interaction analysis, which was also adjusted by sample set.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Eleven SNPs were tested in the <italic>TLR2</italic>, <italic>CD14</italic>, <italic>IL1B</italic>, <italic>CARD8</italic>, <italic>NLRP3</italic>, <italic>MYD88</italic>, <italic>P2RX7</italic>, <italic>DAPK1</italic> and <italic>TNXIP</italic> genes. Nominally significant (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) associations with gout were detected at <italic>CARD8 rs2043211</italic> (OR = 1.12, <italic>P =</italic> 0.007), <italic>IL1B rs1143623</italic> (OR = 1.10, <italic>P</italic> = 0.020) and <italic>CD14 rs2569190</italic> (OR = 1.08; <italic>P</italic> = 0.036)<italic>.</italic> There was significant multiplicative interaction between <italic>CARD8</italic> and <italic>IL1B</italic> (<italic>P</italic> = 0.005), with the <italic>IL1B</italic> risk genotype amplifying the risk effect of <italic>CARD8.</italic></p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>There is evidence for association of gout with functional variants in <italic>CARD8, IL1B</italic> and <italic>CD14</italic>. The gout-associated allele of <italic>IL1B</italic> increases expression of IL-1β – the multiplicative interaction with <italic>CARD8</italic> would be consistent with a synergy of greater inflammasome activity (resulting from reduced CARD8) combined with higher levels of pre-IL-1β expression leading to increased production of mature IL-1β in gout.</p></sec><sec><title>Electronic supplementary material</title><p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0802-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dalbeth, N" uniqKey="Dalbeth N">N Dalbeth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haskard, D" uniqKey="Haskard D">D Haskard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Emmerson, Bt" uniqKey="Emmerson B">BT Emmerson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nagel, Sl" uniqKey="Nagel S">SL 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uniqKey="Omae S">S Omae</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pereira, A" uniqKey="Pereira A">A Pereira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Mv" uniqKey="Rodrigues M">MV Rodrigues</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miyakawa, Aa" uniqKey="Miyakawa A">AA Miyakawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, Lc" uniqKey="Campos L">LC Campos</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meng, D M" uniqKey="Meng D">D-M Meng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Y J" uniqKey="Zhou Y">Y-J Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, W" uniqKey="Ren W">W Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, L L" uniqKey="Cui L">L-L Cui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Han, L" uniqKey="Han L">L Han</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Vaud</li><li>District de Dresde</li><li>Gueldre</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li><li>Écosse</li></region><settlement><li>Dresde</li><li>Lausanne</li><li>Nimègue</li><li>Sydney</li><li>Édimbourg</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Édimbourg</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mckinney, Cushla" sort="Mckinney, Cushla" uniqKey="Mckinney C" first="Cushla" last="Mckinney">Cushla Mckinney</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Dalbeth, Nicola" sort="Dalbeth, Nicola" uniqKey="Dalbeth N" first="Nicola" last="Dalbeth">Nicola Dalbeth</name><name sortKey="Merriman, Tony R" sort="Merriman, Tony R" uniqKey="Merriman T" first="Tony R." last="Merriman">Tony R. Merriman</name><name sortKey="Stamp, Lisa K" sort="Stamp, Lisa K" uniqKey="Stamp L" first="Lisa K." last="Stamp">Lisa K. Stamp</name><name sortKey="Topless, Ruth K" sort="Topless, Ruth K" uniqKey="Topless R" first="Ruth K." last="Topless">Ruth K. Topless</name></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Day, Richard O" sort="Day, Richard O" uniqKey="Day R" first="Richard O." last="Day">Richard O. Day</name></region><name sortKey="Day, Richard O" sort="Day, Richard O" uniqKey="Day R" first="Richard O." last="Day">Richard O. Day</name><name sortKey="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" sort="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" uniqKey="Kannangara D" first="Diluk Rw" last="Kannangara">Diluk Rw Kannangara</name><name sortKey="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" sort="Kannangara, Diluk Rw" uniqKey="Kannangara D" first="Diluk Rw" last="Kannangara">Diluk Rw Kannangara</name><name sortKey="Williams, Kenneth M" sort="Williams, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Williams K" first="Kenneth M." last="Williams">Kenneth M. Williams</name><name sortKey="Williams, Kenneth M" sort="Williams, Kenneth M" uniqKey="Williams K" first="Kenneth M." last="Williams">Kenneth M. Williams</name></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Janssen, Matthijs" sort="Janssen, Matthijs" uniqKey="Janssen M" first="Matthijs" last="Janssen">Matthijs Janssen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Jansen, Timothy L" sort="Jansen, Timothy L" uniqKey="Jansen T" first="Timothy L." last="Jansen">Timothy L. 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Riches</name></region></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Saxe (Land)"><name sortKey="Tausche, Anne Kathrin" sort="Tausche, Anne Kathrin" uniqKey="Tausche A" first="Anne-Kathrin" last="Tausche">Anne-Kathrin Tausche</name></region></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Liote, Frederic" sort="Liote, Frederic" uniqKey="Liote F" first="Frederic" last="Lioté">Frederic Lioté</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Liote, Frederic" sort="Liote, Frederic" uniqKey="Liote F" first="Frederic" last="Lioté">Frederic Lioté</name></country><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="So, Alexander" sort="So, Alexander" uniqKey="So A" first="Alexander" last="So">Alexander So</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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