The Epidemiology of Imported Malaria and Transfusion Policy in 5 Nonendemic Countries.
Identifieur interne : 002759 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002758; suivant : 002760The Epidemiology of Imported Malaria and Transfusion Policy in 5 Nonendemic Countries.
Auteurs : Sheila F. O'Brien [Canada] ; Gilles Delage [Canada] ; Clive R. Seed [Australie] ; Josiane Pillonel [France] ; Cécile C. Fabra [France] ; Katy Davison [Royaume-Uni] ; Alan Kitchen [Royaume-Uni] ; Whitney R. Steele [États-Unis] ; David A. Leiby [États-Unis]Source :
- Transfusion medicine reviews [ 1532-9496 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Afrique (épidémiologie), Angleterre (épidémiologie), Australie (épidémiologie), Canada (épidémiologie), Donneurs de sang, France (épidémiologie), Humains, Maladies endémiques, Paludisme (), Paludisme (diagnostic), Paludisme (transmission), Paludisme (épidémiologie), Politique de santé, Surveillance de la santé publique, Sécurité transfusionnelle (), Sécurité transfusionnelle (normes), Sélection de donneurs (normes), Transfusion sanguine (effets indésirables), Transfusion sanguine (normes), Voyage, Émigration et immigration, États-Unis d'Amérique (épidémiologie).
- MESH :
- diagnostic : Paludisme.
- effets indésirables : Transfusion sanguine.
- normes : Sécurité transfusionnelle, Sélection de donneurs, Transfusion sanguine.
- épidémiologie : Afrique, Angleterre, Australie, Canada, France, Paludisme, États-Unis d'Amérique.
- Donneurs de sang, Humains, Maladies endémiques, Paludisme, Politique de santé, Surveillance de la santé publique, Sécurité transfusionnelle, Voyage, Émigration et immigration.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Australie, Canada, France, États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Africa (epidemiology), Australia (epidemiology), Blood Donors, Blood Safety (methods), Blood Safety (standards), Blood Transfusion (adverse effects), Blood Transfusion (standards), Canada (epidemiology), Donor Selection (standards), Emigration and Immigration, Endemic Diseases, England (epidemiology), France (epidemiology), Health Policy, Humans, Malaria (diagnosis), Malaria (epidemiology), Malaria (prevention & control), Malaria (transmission), Public Health Surveillance, Travel, United States (epidemiology).
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Africa, Australia, Canada, England, France, United States.
- adverse effects : Blood Transfusion.
- diagnosis : Malaria.
- epidemiology : Malaria.
- methods : Blood Safety.
- prevention & control : Malaria.
- standards : Blood Safety, Blood Transfusion, Donor Selection.
- transmission : Malaria.
- Blood Donors, Emigration and Immigration, Endemic Diseases, Health Policy, Humans, Public Health Surveillance, Travel.
Abstract
Addressing risk of imported malaria is complicated by 5 human species of Plasmodium, semi-immunity in donors with long-term exposure, increasing travel and immigration, changing risk in endemic areas, and limitations of screening assays. To gain insight into policy formulation, we have compiled epidemiologic data from 5 countries with different policies involving either deferral (the United States and Canada) or selective testing (France, England, and Australia). The greatest risk is from semi-immune former residents of endemic areas, but the greatest impact on sufficiency (donor loss) is from low-risk short-term travel. France and the UK have the highest rates of travel to Africa where most malaria cases originate. The UK has substantial travel to the Indian subcontinent where Plasmodium vivax cases are more common, and Australia, to Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea. In the United States and Canada, malaria risk travel is more often to lower risk areas such as Mexico and the Caribbean. Each country has imported cases, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, although data are incomplete. Transfusion-transmitted malaria has been rare over the last 10 years, generally involving P. falciparum, but there were 2 US cases of Plasmodium malariae. Uncertainty due to limitations of epidemiologic data and reliance on donors' answers underpins much of the complexity of policy formulation. Variability in policies between countries reflects not only epidemiologic differences but also operational considerations, donor demographics, regulatory approaches, and public pressure to react to rare transfusion-transmitted malaria cases. Testing reduces the operational impact of addressing the very small risk from travelers and offers improvement over deferral by testing all former residents of endemic areas. Notwithstanding current international regulatory requirements, policies have "evolved" through a series of additions and revisions as concerns and issues arose, with resultant variability in donor selection criteria.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2015.03.004
PubMed: 25933591
Affiliations:
- Australie, Canada, France, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Maryland, Île-de-France
- Londres, Paris
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To gain insight into policy formulation, we have compiled epidemiologic data from 5 countries with different policies involving either deferral (the United States and Canada) or selective testing (France, England, and Australia). The greatest risk is from semi-immune former residents of endemic areas, but the greatest impact on sufficiency (donor loss) is from low-risk short-term travel. France and the UK have the highest rates of travel to Africa where most malaria cases originate. The UK has substantial travel to the Indian subcontinent where Plasmodium vivax cases are more common, and Australia, to Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea. In the United States and Canada, malaria risk travel is more often to lower risk areas such as Mexico and the Caribbean. Each country has imported cases, predominantly Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, although data are incomplete. Transfusion-transmitted malaria has been rare over the last 10 years, generally involving P. falciparum, but there were 2 US cases of Plasmodium malariae. Uncertainty due to limitations of epidemiologic data and reliance on donors' answers underpins much of the complexity of policy formulation. Variability in policies between countries reflects not only epidemiologic differences but also operational considerations, donor demographics, regulatory approaches, and public pressure to react to rare transfusion-transmitted malaria cases. Testing reduces the operational impact of addressing the very small risk from travelers and offers improvement over deferral by testing all former residents of endemic areas. Notwithstanding current international regulatory requirements, policies have "evolved" through a series of additions and revisions as concerns and issues arose, with resultant variability in donor selection criteria.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>France</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Paris</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="O Brien, Sheila F" sort="O Brien, Sheila F" uniqKey="O Brien S" first="Sheila F" last="O'Brien">Sheila F. O'Brien</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Delage, Gilles" sort="Delage, Gilles" uniqKey="Delage G" first="Gilles" last="Delage">Gilles Delage</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Seed, Clive R" sort="Seed, Clive R" uniqKey="Seed C" first="Clive R" last="Seed">Clive R. Seed</name></noRegion></country><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Pillonel, Josiane" sort="Pillonel, Josiane" uniqKey="Pillonel J" first="Josiane" last="Pillonel">Josiane Pillonel</name></region><name sortKey="Fabra, Cecile C" sort="Fabra, Cecile C" uniqKey="Fabra C" first="Cécile C" last="Fabra">Cécile C. Fabra</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Davison, Katy" sort="Davison, Katy" uniqKey="Davison K" first="Katy" last="Davison">Katy Davison</name></region><name sortKey="Kitchen, Alan" sort="Kitchen, Alan" uniqKey="Kitchen A" first="Alan" last="Kitchen">Alan Kitchen</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Maryland"><name sortKey="Steele, Whitney R" sort="Steele, Whitney R" uniqKey="Steele W" first="Whitney R" last="Steele">Whitney R. Steele</name></region><name sortKey="Leiby, David A" sort="Leiby, David A" uniqKey="Leiby D" first="David A" last="Leiby">David A. 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