High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka – implications for global suicide prevention
Identifieur interne : 001D64 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001D63; suivant : 001D65High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka – implications for global suicide prevention
Auteurs : Thomas Lamb ; Liza R. Selvarajah ; Fahim Mohamed ; Shaluka Jayamanne ; Indika Gawarammana ; Ahmed Mostafa ; Nicholas A. Buckley ; Michael S. Roberts ; Michael EddlestonSource :
- Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) [ 1556-3650 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1187735
PubMed: 27252029
PubMed Central: 4950420
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000526
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000526
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000878
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 003627
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 003627
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 003627
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001D61
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001D64
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka – implications for global suicide prevention</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lamb, Thomas" sort="Lamb, Thomas" uniqKey="Lamb T" first="Thomas" last="Lamb">Thomas Lamb</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selvarajah, Liza R" sort="Selvarajah, Liza R" uniqKey="Selvarajah L" first="Liza R." last="Selvarajah">Liza R. Selvarajah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Fahim" sort="Mohamed, Fahim" uniqKey="Mohamed F" first="Fahim" last="Mohamed">Fahim Mohamed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayamanne, Shaluka" sort="Jayamanne, Shaluka" uniqKey="Jayamanne S" first="Shaluka" last="Jayamanne">Shaluka Jayamanne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gawarammana, Indika" sort="Gawarammana, Indika" uniqKey="Gawarammana I" first="Indika" last="Gawarammana">Indika Gawarammana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buckley, Nicholas A" sort="Buckley, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Buckley N" first="Nicholas A." last="Buckley">Nicholas A. Buckley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, Michael S" sort="Roberts, Michael S" uniqKey="Roberts M" first="Michael S." last="Roberts">Michael S. Roberts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eddleston, Michael" sort="Eddleston, Michael" uniqKey="Eddleston M" first="Michael" last="Eddleston">Michael Eddleston</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27252029</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4950420</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4950420</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4950420</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1080/15563650.2016.1187735</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000526</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000526</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000526</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000526</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000878</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000878</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003627</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">003627</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003627</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1556-3650:2016:Lamb T:high:lethality:and</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001D61</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001D64</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001D64</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka – implications for global suicide prevention</title>
<author><name sortKey="Lamb, Thomas" sort="Lamb, Thomas" uniqKey="Lamb T" first="Thomas" last="Lamb">Thomas Lamb</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selvarajah, Liza R" sort="Selvarajah, Liza R" uniqKey="Selvarajah L" first="Liza R." last="Selvarajah">Liza R. Selvarajah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Fahim" sort="Mohamed, Fahim" uniqKey="Mohamed F" first="Fahim" last="Mohamed">Fahim Mohamed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jayamanne, Shaluka" sort="Jayamanne, Shaluka" uniqKey="Jayamanne S" first="Shaluka" last="Jayamanne">Shaluka Jayamanne</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0004"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gawarammana, Indika" sort="Gawarammana, Indika" uniqKey="Gawarammana I" first="Indika" last="Gawarammana">Indika Gawarammana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0006"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buckley, Nicholas A" sort="Buckley, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Buckley N" first="Nicholas A." last="Buckley">Nicholas A. Buckley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0003"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, Michael S" sort="Roberts, Michael S" uniqKey="Roberts M" first="Michael S." last="Roberts">Michael S. Roberts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0005"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eddleston, Michael" sort="Eddleston, Michael" uniqKey="Eddleston M" first="Michael" last="Eddleston">Michael Eddleston</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0001"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="AF0002"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1556-3650</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1556-9519</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold>Background:</bold>
Highly hazardous organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are responsible for most pesticide poisoning deaths. As they are removed from agricultural practice, they are often replaced by carbamate insecticides of perceived lower toxicity. However, relatively little is known about poisoning with these insecticides.</p>
<p><bold>Methods:</bold>
We prospectively studied 1288 patients self-poisoned with carbamate insecticides admitted to six Sri Lankan hospitals. Clinical outcomes were recorded for each patient and plasma carbamate concentration measured in a sample to confirm the carbamate ingested.</p>
<p><bold>Findings:</bold>
Patients had ingested 3% carbofuran powder (719), carbosulfan EC25 liquid (25% w/v, 389), or fenobucarb EC50 liquid (50% w/v, 127) formulations, carbamate insecticides of WHO Toxicity Classes Ib, II, and II, respectively. Intubation and ventilation was required for 183 (14.2%) patients while 71 (5.5%) died. Compared with carbofuran, poisoning with carbosulfan or fenobucarb was associated with significantly higher risk of death [carbofuran 2.2%; carbosulfan 11.1%, OR 5.5 (95% CI 3.0–9.8); fenobucarb 6.3%, OR 3.0 (1.2–7.1)] and intubation [carbofuran 6.1%; carbosulfan 27.0%, OR 5.7 (3.9–8.3); fenobucarb 18.9%, OR 3.6 (2.1–6.1)]. The clinical presentation and cause of death did not differ markedly between carbamates. Median time to death was similar: carbofuran 42.3 h (IQR 5.5–67.3), carbosulfan 21.3 h (11.5–71.3), and fenobucarb 25.3 h (17.3–72.1) (<italic>p</italic>
= 0.99); no patients showed delayed onset of toxicity akin to the intermediate syndrome seen after OP insecticide poisoning. For survivors, median duration of intubation was 67.8 h (IQR 27.5–118.8) with no difference in duration between carbamates. Reduced GCS at presentation was associated with worse outcome although some patients with carbosulfan died after presentation with normal GCS.</p>
<p><bold>Conclusions:</bold>
We did not find carbamate insecticide self-poisoning to vary markedly according to the carbamate ingested although the case fatality varied according to the concentration and formulation of the insecticide. Carbamate poisoning did not appear to be much less toxic than poisoning with some liquid OP insecticide formulations, e.g., chlorpyrifos EC40, that we have previously noted in these same hospitals (Lancet 2005, 366:1452–1459; QJM 2006, 99:513–522). Replacement of WHO Class II Toxicity OP insecticides in agriculture with high-strength liquid carbamate formulations may not substantially reduce case fatality after pesticide poisoning and, therefore, global suicide rates.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Phillips, Mr" uniqKey="Phillips M">MR Phillips</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, G" uniqKey="Yang G">G Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Y" uniqKey="Zhang Y">Y Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gunnell, D" uniqKey="Gunnell D">D Gunnell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Mr" uniqKey="Phillips M">MR Phillips</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Patel, V" uniqKey="Patel V">V Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ramasundarahettige, C" uniqKey="Ramasundarahettige C">C Ramasundarahettige</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vijayakumar, L" uniqKey="Vijayakumar L">L Vijayakumar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gunnell, D" uniqKey="Gunnell D">D Gunnell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, R" uniqKey="Fernando R">R Fernando</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hewagama, M" uniqKey="Hewagama M">M Hewagama</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adhikari, S" uniqKey="Adhikari S">S Adhikari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Egodage, S" uniqKey="Egodage S">S Egodage</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sun, L" uniqKey="Sun L">L Sun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Y" uniqKey="Liu Y">Y Liu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ballantyne, B" uniqKey="Ballantyne B">B Ballantyne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marrs, Tc" uniqKey="Marrs T">TC Marrs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lotti, M" uniqKey="Lotti M">M Lotti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sudarshan, K" uniqKey="Sudarshan K">K Sudarshan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senthilkumaran, M" uniqKey="Senthilkumaran M">M Senthilkumaran</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vale, A" uniqKey="Vale A">A Vale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lotti, M" uniqKey="Lotti M">M Lotti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dawson, A" uniqKey="Dawson A">A Dawson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karalliedde, L" uniqKey="Karalliedde L">L Karalliedde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="King, Am" uniqKey="King A">AM King</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aaron, Ck" uniqKey="Aaron C">CK Aaron</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wadia, Rs" uniqKey="Wadia R">RS Wadia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhirud, Rh" uniqKey="Bhirud R">RH Bhirud</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulavani, Av" uniqKey="Gulavani A">AV Gulavani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eyer, P" uniqKey="Eyer P">P Eyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worek, F" uniqKey="Worek F">F Worek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamed, F" uniqKey="Mohamed F">F Mohamed</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davies, Joj" uniqKey="Davies J">JOJ Davies</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dawson, Ah" uniqKey="Dawson A">AH Dawson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Senarathna, L" uniqKey="Senarathna L">L Senarathna</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunnell, D" uniqKey="Gunnell D">D Gunnell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karunaratne, A" uniqKey="Karunaratne A">A Karunaratne</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Juszczak, E" uniqKey="Juszczak E">E Juszczak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buckley, Na" uniqKey="Buckley N">NA Buckley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mostafa, A" uniqKey="Mostafa A">A Mostafa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medley, G" uniqKey="Medley G">G Medley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roberts, Dm" uniqKey="Roberts D">DM Roberts</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abass, K" uniqKey="Abass K">K Abass</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reponen, P" uniqKey="Reponen P">P Reponen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mattila, S" uniqKey="Mattila S">S Mattila</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Bk" uniqKey="Lee B">BK Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jeung, Kw" uniqKey="Jeung K">KW Jeung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Hy" uniqKey="Lee H">HY Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Werk, An" uniqKey="Werk A">AN Werk</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cascorbi, I" uniqKey="Cascorbi I">I Cascorbi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Indira, M" uniqKey="Indira M">M Indira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andrews, Ma" uniqKey="Andrews M">MA Andrews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prakesh, Tp" uniqKey="Prakesh T">TP Prakesh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eyer, P" uniqKey="Eyer P">P Eyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Worek, F" uniqKey="Worek F">F Worek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moon, Jm" uniqKey="Moon J">JM Moon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chun, Bj" uniqKey="Chun B">BJ Chun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Bk" uniqKey="Lee B">BK Lee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunnell, D" uniqKey="Gunnell D">D Gunnell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von, Ml" uniqKey="Von M">ML von</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eddleston, M" uniqKey="Eddleston M">M Eddleston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Street, Jm" uniqKey="Street J">JM Street</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Self, I" uniqKey="Self I">I Self</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Buckley, Nicholas A" sort="Buckley, Nicholas A" uniqKey="Buckley N" first="Nicholas A." last="Buckley">Nicholas A. Buckley</name>
<name sortKey="Eddleston, Michael" sort="Eddleston, Michael" uniqKey="Eddleston M" first="Michael" last="Eddleston">Michael Eddleston</name>
<name sortKey="Gawarammana, Indika" sort="Gawarammana, Indika" uniqKey="Gawarammana I" first="Indika" last="Gawarammana">Indika Gawarammana</name>
<name sortKey="Jayamanne, Shaluka" sort="Jayamanne, Shaluka" uniqKey="Jayamanne S" first="Shaluka" last="Jayamanne">Shaluka Jayamanne</name>
<name sortKey="Lamb, Thomas" sort="Lamb, Thomas" uniqKey="Lamb T" first="Thomas" last="Lamb">Thomas Lamb</name>
<name sortKey="Mohamed, Fahim" sort="Mohamed, Fahim" uniqKey="Mohamed F" first="Fahim" last="Mohamed">Fahim Mohamed</name>
<name sortKey="Mostafa, Ahmed" sort="Mostafa, Ahmed" uniqKey="Mostafa A" first="Ahmed" last="Mostafa">Ahmed Mostafa</name>
<name sortKey="Roberts, Michael S" sort="Roberts, Michael S" uniqKey="Roberts M" first="Michael S." last="Roberts">Michael S. Roberts</name>
<name sortKey="Selvarajah, Liza R" sort="Selvarajah, Liza R" uniqKey="Selvarajah L" first="Liza R." last="Selvarajah">Liza R. Selvarajah</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001D64 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001D64 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4950420 |texte= High lethality and minimal variation after acute self-poisoning with carbamate insecticides in Sri Lanka – implications for global suicide prevention }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27252029" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |