Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance.
Identifieur interne : 000696 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000695; suivant : 000697Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance.
Auteurs : S G Leles [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Mitra [Royaume-Uni] ; K J Flynn [Royaume-Uni] ; D K Stoecker [États-Unis] ; P J Hansen [Danemark] ; A. Calbet [Espagne] ; G B Mcmanus [États-Unis] ; R W Sanders [États-Unis] ; D A Caron [États-Unis] ; F. Not [France] ; G M Hallegraeff [Australie] ; P. Pitta [Grèce] ; J A Raven [Royaume-Uni] ; M D Johnson [États-Unis] ; P M Glibert [États-Unis] ; S. V Ge [Norvège]Source :
- Proceedings. Biological sciences [ 1471-2954 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
This first comprehensive analysis of the global biogeography of marine protistan plankton with acquired phototrophy shows these mixotrophic organisms to be ubiquitous and abundant; however, their biogeography differs markedly between different functional groups. These mixotrophs, lacking a constitutive capacity for photosynthesis (i.e. non-constitutive mixotrophs, NCMs), acquire their phototrophic potential through either integration of prey-plastids or through endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic microbes. Analysis of field data reveals that 40-60% of plankton traditionally labelled as (non-phototrophic) microzooplankton are actually NCMs, employing acquired phototrophy in addition to phagotrophy. Specialist NCMs acquire chloroplasts or endosymbionts from specific prey, while generalist NCMs obtain chloroplasts from a variety of prey. These contrasting functional types of NCMs exhibit distinct seasonal and spatial global distribution patterns. Mixotrophs reliant on 'stolen' chloroplasts, controlled by prey diversity and abundance, dominate in high-biomass areas. Mixotrophs harbouring intact symbionts are present in all waters and dominate particularly in oligotrophic open ocean systems. The contrasting temporal and spatial patterns of distribution of different mixotroph functional types across the oceanic provinces, as revealed in this study, challenges traditional interpretations of marine food web structures. Mixotrophs with acquired phototrophy (NCMs) warrant greater recognition in marine research.
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0664
PubMed: 28768886
Affiliations:
- Australie, Danemark, Espagne, France, Grèce, Norvège, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis
- Californie, Catalogne, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvanie
- Barcelone, Los Angeles
- Université de Californie du Sud
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Mitra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK a.mitra@swansea.ac.uk.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Swansea SA2 8PP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flynn, K J" sort="Flynn, K J" uniqKey="Flynn K" first="K J" last="Flynn">K J Flynn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Swansea SA2 8PP</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoecker, D K" sort="Stoecker, D K" uniqKey="Stoecker D" first="D K" last="Stoecker">D K Stoecker</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hansen, P J" sort="Hansen, P J" uniqKey="Hansen P" first="P J" last="Hansen">P J Hansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, 3000 Helsingør</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>3000 Helsingør</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Calbet, A" sort="Calbet, A" uniqKey="Calbet A" first="A" last="Calbet">A. Calbet</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC. Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC. Pg Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Barcelone</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Catalogne</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmanus, G B" sort="Mcmanus, G B" uniqKey="Mcmanus G" first="G B" last="Mcmanus">G B Mcmanus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton CT, 06340, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton CT, 06340</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>06340</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanders, R W" sort="Sanders, R W" uniqKey="Sanders R" first="R W" last="Sanders">R W Sanders</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Caron, D A" sort="Caron, D A" uniqKey="Caron D" first="D A" last="Caron">D A Caron</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region><settlement type="city">Los Angeles</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Californie du Sud</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Not, F" sort="Not, F" uniqKey="Not F" first="F" last="Not">F. Not</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin UMR7144, Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29688 Roscoff, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin UMR7144, Sorbonne Universités, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29688 Roscoff</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>29688 Roscoff</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>29688 Roscoff</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hallegraeff, G M" sort="Hallegraeff, G M" uniqKey="Hallegraeff G" first="G M" last="Hallegraeff">G M Hallegraeff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tasmania 7001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pitta, P" sort="Pitta, P" uniqKey="Pitta P" first="P" last="Pitta">P. Pitta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea>Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 71003 Heraklion, Crete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Crete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raven, J A" sort="Raven, J A" uniqKey="Raven J" first="J A" last="Raven">J A Raven</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DQ, UK.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DQ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dundee DD2 5DQ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, M D" sort="Johnson, M D" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="M D" last="Johnson">M D Johnson</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Glibert, P M" sort="Glibert, P M" uniqKey="Glibert P" first="P M" last="Glibert">P M Glibert</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="V Ge, S" sort="V Ge, S" uniqKey="V Ge S" first="S" last="V Ge">S. V Ge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>5020 Bergen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings. Biological sciences</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2954</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This first comprehensive analysis of the global biogeography of marine protistan plankton with acquired phototrophy shows these mixotrophic organisms to be ubiquitous and abundant; however, their biogeography differs markedly between different functional groups. These mixotrophs, lacking a constitutive capacity for photosynthesis (i.e. non-constitutive mixotrophs, NCMs), acquire their phototrophic potential through either integration of prey-plastids or through endosymbiotic associations with photosynthetic microbes. Analysis of field data reveals that 40-60% of plankton traditionally labelled as (non-phototrophic) microzooplankton are actually NCMs, employing acquired phototrophy in addition to phagotrophy. Specialist NCMs acquire chloroplasts or endosymbionts from specific prey, while generalist NCMs obtain chloroplasts from a variety of prey. These contrasting functional types of NCMs exhibit distinct seasonal and spatial global distribution patterns. Mixotrophs reliant on 'stolen' chloroplasts, controlled by prey diversity and abundance, dominate in high-biomass areas. Mixotrophs harbouring intact symbionts are present in all waters and dominate particularly in oligotrophic open ocean systems. The contrasting temporal and spatial patterns of distribution of different mixotroph functional types across the oceanic provinces, as revealed in this study, challenges traditional interpretations of marine food web structures. Mixotrophs with acquired phototrophy (NCMs) warrant greater recognition in marine research.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Catalogne</li><li>Maryland</li><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li></region><settlement><li>Barcelone</li><li>Los Angeles</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Californie du Sud</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Leles, S G" sort="Leles, S G" uniqKey="Leles S" first="S G" last="Leles">S G Leles</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Flynn, K J" sort="Flynn, K J" uniqKey="Flynn K" first="K J" last="Flynn">K J Flynn</name><name sortKey="Mitra, A" sort="Mitra, A" uniqKey="Mitra A" first="A" last="Mitra">A. Mitra</name><name sortKey="Raven, J A" sort="Raven, J A" uniqKey="Raven J" first="J A" last="Raven">J A Raven</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Maryland"><name sortKey="Stoecker, D K" sort="Stoecker, D K" uniqKey="Stoecker D" first="D K" last="Stoecker">D K Stoecker</name></region><name sortKey="Caron, D A" sort="Caron, D A" uniqKey="Caron D" first="D A" last="Caron">D A Caron</name><name sortKey="Glibert, P M" sort="Glibert, P M" uniqKey="Glibert P" first="P M" last="Glibert">P M Glibert</name><name sortKey="Johnson, M D" sort="Johnson, M D" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="M D" last="Johnson">M D Johnson</name><name sortKey="Mcmanus, G B" sort="Mcmanus, G B" uniqKey="Mcmanus G" first="G B" last="Mcmanus">G B Mcmanus</name><name sortKey="Sanders, R W" sort="Sanders, R W" uniqKey="Sanders R" first="R W" last="Sanders">R W Sanders</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hansen, P J" sort="Hansen, P J" uniqKey="Hansen P" first="P J" last="Hansen">P J Hansen</name></noRegion></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Catalogne"><name sortKey="Calbet, A" sort="Calbet, A" uniqKey="Calbet A" first="A" last="Calbet">A. Calbet</name></region></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Not, F" sort="Not, F" uniqKey="Not F" first="F" last="Not">F. Not</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hallegraeff, G M" sort="Hallegraeff, G M" uniqKey="Hallegraeff G" first="G M" last="Hallegraeff">G M Hallegraeff</name></noRegion></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pitta, P" sort="Pitta, P" uniqKey="Pitta P" first="P" last="Pitta">P. Pitta</name></noRegion></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="V Ge, S" sort="V Ge, S" uniqKey="V Ge S" first="S" last="V Ge">S. V Ge</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Oceanic protists with different forms of acquired phototrophy display contrasting biogeographies and abundance.
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