AustralieFrV1, Main, Curation, bibRecord, 00A532

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Identifieur interne : 00A532 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 00A531; suivant : 00A533

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

Auteurs : A. Terracciano [États-Unis] ; A. M. Abdel-Khalek [Koweït] ; N. Adam [Hongrie] ; L. Adamovova [Slovaquie] ; C.-K. Ahn [Corée du Sud] ; H.-N. Ahn [Corée du Sud] ; B. M. Alansari [Koweït] ; L. Alcalay [Chili] ; J. Allik [Estonie] ; A. Angleitner [Allemagne] ; M. D. Avla [Espagne] ; L. E. Ayearst [Canada] ; C. Barbaranelli [Italie] ; A. Beer [États-Unis] ; M. A. Borg-Cunen [Malte] ; D. Bratko [Croatie] ; M. Brunner-Sciarra [Pérou] ; L. Budzinski [Australie] ; N. Camant [France] ; D. Dahourou [Burkina Faso] ; F. De Fruyt [Belgique] ; M. P. De Lima [Portugal] ; G. E. H. Del Pilar [Philippines] ; E. Diener [États-Unis] ; R. Falzon [Malte] ; K. Fernando [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; E. Fickova [Slovaquie] ; R. Fischer [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; C. Flores-Mendoza ; M. A. Ghayur ; S. Gülgöz ; B. Hagber ; J. Halberstadt [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; M. S. Halim ; M. Hrebickova ; J. Humrichouse [États-Unis] ; H. H. Jensen ; D. D. Jocic ; F. H. Jonsson ; B. Khoury ; W. Klinkosz ; G. Knezevic ; M. A. Lauri [Malte] ; N. Leibovich ; T. A. Martin ; I. Marusic [Croatie] ; K. A. Mastor ; D. Matsumoto ; M. Mcrorie ; B. Meshcheriakov ; E. L. Mortensen ; M. Munyae ; J. Nagy [Hongrie] ; K. Nakazato ; F. Nansubuga ; S. Oishi ; A. O. Ojedokun ; F. Ostendorf [Allemagne] ; D. L. Paulhus ; S. Pelevin

Source :

Science : (Washington, D.C.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2005.

RBID : Pascal:06-0105831

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Perception sociale, Personnalité, Nationalité, Stéréotype, Cognition sociale, Homme.
Wicri :
- topic : Nationalité, Homme.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Human, Nationality, Personality, Social cognition, Social perception, Stereotype.

Abstract

Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775052

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Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Via Dei Marsi 78</s1>
<s2>00185 Rome</s2>
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<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1>
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<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
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<country>Australie</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
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<country>Philippines</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
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<country>Malte</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
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</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
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<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name>
</author>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive</s1>
<s2>Baltimore, MD 21224</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21224</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Adam">N. Adam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovova">L. Adamovova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Escuela de Psi cologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860</s1>
<s2>Macul, Santiago</s2>
<s3>CHL</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Chili</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Macul, Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78</s1>
<s2>50410 Tartu</s2>
<s3>EST</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Estonie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>50410 Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Com plutense de Madrid</s1>
<s2>Madrid</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street</s1>
<s2>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Via Dei Marsi 78</s1>
<s2>00185 Rome</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1>
<s2>Lima</s2>
<s3>PER</s3>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Pérou</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne</s1>
<s2>Parkville VIC, 3010</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique</s1>
<s2>92001 Nanterre</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P</s1>
<s2>7021 Ouagadougou</s2>
<s3>BFA</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:noRegion>7021 Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2</s1>
<s2>9000 Ghent</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
<settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra</s1>
<s2>Coimbra</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Portugal</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Department of Psychology, Uni versity of the Philippines, Diliman</s1>
<s2>Quezon City, 1101</s2>
<s3>PHL</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Philippines</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Quezon City, 1101</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street</s1>
<s2>Champaign, IL 61820</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Champaign, IL 61820</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>School of Psychology, Post Office Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington</s1>
<s2>Wellington</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Human</term>
<term>Nationality</term>
<term>Personality</term>
<term>Social cognition</term>
<term>Social perception</term>
<term>Stereotype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Perception sociale</term>
<term>Personnalité</term>
<term>Nationalité</term>
<term>Stéréotype</term>
<term>Cognition sociale</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nationalité</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<double idat="0036-8075:2005:Terracciano A:national:character:does"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive</s1>
<s2>Baltimore, MD 21224</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21224</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Adam">N. Adam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovova">L. Adamovova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Escuela de Psi cologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860</s1>
<s2>Macul, Santiago</s2>
<s3>CHL</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Chili</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Macul, Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78</s1>
<s2>50410 Tartu</s2>
<s3>EST</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Estonie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>50410 Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Com plutense de Madrid</s1>
<s2>Madrid</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street</s1>
<s2>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Via Dei Marsi 78</s1>
<s2>00185 Rome</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1>
<s2>Lima</s2>
<s3>PER</s3>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Pérou</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne</s1>
<s2>Parkville VIC, 3010</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique</s1>
<s2>92001 Nanterre</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P</s1>
<s2>7021 Ouagadougou</s2>
<s3>BFA</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:noRegion>7021 Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2</s1>
<s2>9000 Ghent</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
<settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra</s1>
<s2>Coimbra</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Portugal</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Department of Psychology, Uni versity of the Philippines, Diliman</s1>
<s2>Quezon City, 1101</s2>
<s3>PHL</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Philippines</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Quezon City, 1101</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street</s1>
<s2>Champaign, IL 61820</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Champaign, IL 61820</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">06-0105831</idno>
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<idno type="RBID">Pascal:06-0105831</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">004565</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0036-8075:2005:Terracciano A:national:character:does</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive</s1>
<s2>Baltimore, MD 21224</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD 21224</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Adam">N. Adam</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovova">L. Adamovova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong</s1>
<s2>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</s2>
<s3>KOR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, Post Office Box 68168</s1>
<s2>71962, Kaifan</s2>
<s3>KWT</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Koweït</country>
<wicri:noRegion>71962, Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Escuela de Psi cologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860</s1>
<s2>Macul, Santiago</s2>
<s3>CHL</s3>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Chili</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Macul, Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78</s1>
<s2>50410 Tartu</s2>
<s3>EST</s3>
<sZ>9 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Estonie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>50410 Tartu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avla, M D" sort="Avla, M D" uniqKey="Avla M" first="M. D." last="Avla">M. D. Avla</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Com plutense de Madrid</s1>
<s2>Madrid</s2>
<s3>ESP</s3>
<sZ>11 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Espagne</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street</s1>
<s2>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>12 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Via Dei Marsi 78</s1>
<s2>00185 Rome</s2>
<s3>ITA</s3>
<sZ>13 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Italie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores</s1>
<s2>Lima</s2>
<s3>PER</s3>
<sZ>17 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Pérou</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne</s1>
<s2>Parkville VIC, 3010</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>18 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Australie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camant, N" sort="Camant, N" uniqKey="Camant N" first="N." last="Camant">N. Camant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="18"><s1>Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique</s1>
<s2>92001 Nanterre</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>19 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="19"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P</s1>
<s2>7021 Ouagadougou</s2>
<s3>BFA</s3>
<sZ>20 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:noRegion>7021 Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="20"><s1>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2</s1>
<s2>9000 Ghent</s2>
<s3>BEL</s3>
<sZ>21 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Belgique</country>
<placeName><region type="province" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region>
<settlement type="city">Gand</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="21"><s1>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra</s1>
<s2>Coimbra</s2>
<s3>PRT</s3>
<sZ>22 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Portugal</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="22"><s1>Department of Psychology, Uni versity of the Philippines, Diliman</s1>
<s2>Quezon City, 1101</s2>
<s3>PHL</s3>
<sZ>23 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Philippines</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Quezon City, 1101</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="23"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 East Daniel Street</s1>
<s2>Champaign, IL 61820</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>24 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Champaign, IL 61820</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Fickova">E. Fickova</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9</s1>
<s2>813 64 Bratislava</s2>
<s3>SVK</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>27 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Slovaquie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>813 64 Bratislava</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="25"><s1>School of Psychology, Post Office Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington</s1>
<s2>Wellington</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>28 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagber, B" sort="Hagber, B" uniqKey="Hagber B" first="B." last="Hagber">B. Hagber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="24"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Post Office Box 56</s1>
<s2>Dunedin</s2>
<s3>NZL</s3>
<sZ>26 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>33 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hrebickova, M" sort="Hrebickova, M" uniqKey="Hrebickova M" first="M." last="Hrebickova">M. Hrebickova</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall</s1>
<s2>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>14 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>36 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</wicri:noRegion>
<orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement>
<region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jonsson, F H" sort="Jonsson, F H" uniqKey="Jonsson F" first="F. H." last="Jonsson">F. H. Jonsson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevic, G" sort="Knezevic, G" uniqKey="Knezevic G" first="G." last="Knezevic">G. Knezevic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</s1>
<s3>MLT</s3>
<sZ>15 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>25 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>43 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Malte</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusic, I" sort="Marusic, I" uniqKey="Marusic I" first="I." last="Marusic">I. Marusic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3</s1>
<s2>Zagreb, 10000</s2>
<s3>HRV</s3>
<sZ>16 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>46 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Croatie</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Zagreb, 10000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lórand Eötvös University, Kazinczy u. 23-25</s1>
<s2>1075 Budapest</s2>
<s3>HUN</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>53 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Hongrie</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psy chology, Post Office Box 100131</s1>
<s2>33501 Bielefeld</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>10 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>58 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>100131</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501 Bielefeld</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Science : (Washington, D.C.)</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Science : (Wash. D.C.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Human</term>
<term>Nationality</term>
<term>Personality</term>
<term>Social cognition</term>
<term>Social perception</term>
<term>Stereotype</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Perception sociale</term>
<term>Personnalité</term>
<term>Nationalité</term>
<term>Stéréotype</term>
<term>Cognition sociale</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nationalité</term>
<term>Homme</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a "kernel of truth," or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings of 3989 people from 49 cultures and compared them with the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable but did not converge with assessed traits. Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</INIST>
<PMC><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">National Character Does Not Reflect Mean Personality Trait Levels in 49 Cultures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan, Kuwait</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Ádám">N. Ádám</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovová">L. Adamovová</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 813 64</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">813 64</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan, Kuwait</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, Estonia, 50410</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">50410</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-33501</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avia, A" sort="Avia, A" uniqKey="Avia A" first="A." last="Avia">A. Avia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A10">Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">M3J 1P3</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3, Zagreb, Croatia, 10000</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">10000</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16"> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, 3010, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, 3010</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camart, N" sort="Camart, N" uniqKey="Camart N" first="N." last="Camart">N. Camart</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">92001</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2, Ghent, Belgium, B-9000</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2, Ghent, Belgium, B-9000</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>B-9000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1101</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, US, 61820</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">61820</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Ficková">E. Ficková</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 813 64</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">813 64</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A26">U Federal de Minas Gerais, Dept de Psicologia, Sala 4042, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>U Federal de Minas Gerais, Dept de Psicologia, Sala 4042, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement>
<region type="state">Minas Gerais</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco; now at Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4611</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco; now at Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Koç University, Sariyer 80910, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Koç University, Sariyer 80910, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagberg, B" sort="Hagberg, B" uniqKey="Hagberg B" first="B." last="Hagberg">B. Hagberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Unit of Gerontology and Care for the Elderly, Lund University, Box 187, S-222 20 Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Gerontology and Care for the Elderly, Lund University, Box 187, S-222 20 Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>S-222 20 Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman kav-51, Jakarta Selatan-12930, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman kav-51, Jakarta Selatan-12930</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jakarta Selatan-12930</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="H Ebi Kova, M" sort="H Ebi Kova, M" uniqKey="H Ebi Kova M" first="M." last="H Ebí Ková">M. H Ebí Ková</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vevří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vevří 97, 602 00 Brno</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>602 00 Brno</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark, DK-2200</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DK-2200</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Institute for Psychiatry, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Yugoslavia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Yougoslavie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Psychiatry, Pasterova 2, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Nsson, F H" sort="J Nsson, F H" uniqKey="J Nsson F" first="F. H." last="J Nsson">F. H. J Nsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Iceland, Faculty of Social Science, Oddi, Sturlugata, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Iceland, Faculty of Social Science, Oddi, Sturlugata, 101 Reykjavík</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>101 Reykjavík</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O.Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Catholic University of Lublin, Department of Psychology, A1. Raclawickie 14, Lublin 20-950 Poland</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lublin 20-950 Poland</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevi, G" sort="Knezevi, G" uniqKey="Knezevi G" first="G." last="Kneževi">G. Kneževi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Yougoslavie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>11000 Belgrade</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusi, I" sort="Marusi, I" uniqKey="Marusi I" first="I." last="Maruši">I. Maruši</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3, Zagreb, Croatia, 10000</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">10000</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Center for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Selangor Darul Ehsan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Northern Ireland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychology, International University “Dubna,” 19, Universitetskaya str., Dubna, Moscow area, Russia, 141980</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">141980</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark, DK-2200</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DK-2200</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A44">Center for Continuing Education, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Continuing Education, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gaborone</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Psychology, Iwate Prefectural University, 152-52 Sugo, Takizawa, Iwate, 020-0193 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Iwate Prefectural University, 152-52 Sugo, Takizawa, Iwate</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iwate</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400400, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement>
<region type="region">État d'Oyo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychology, International University “Dubna,” 19, Universitetskaya str., Dubna, Moscow area, Russia, 141980</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">141980</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petot, J M" sort="Petot, J M" uniqKey="Petot J" first="J.-M." last="Petot">J.-M. Petot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">92001</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Podobnik, N" sort="Podobnik, N" uniqKey="Podobnik N" first="N." last="Podobnik">N. Podobnik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Psychiatric Hospital of Idrija, Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija, 5280 Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Psychiatric Hospital of Idrija, Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porrata, J L" sort="Porrata, J L" uniqKey="Porrata J" first="J. L." last="Porrata">J. L. Porrata</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Escuela Graduada de Administracion Publica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Porto Rico</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela Graduada de Administracion Publica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rio Piedras</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pramila, V S" sort="Pramila, V S" uniqKey="Pramila V" first="V. S." last="Pramila">V. S. Pramila</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Andhra Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prentice, G" sort="Prentice, G" uniqKey="Prentice G" first="G." last="Prentice">G. Prentice</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Northern Ireland</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Realo, A" sort="Realo, A" uniqKey="Realo A" first="A." last="Realo">A. Realo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, Estonia, 50410</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">50410</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reategui, N" sort="Reategui, N" uniqKey="Reategui N" first="N." last="Reátegui">N. Reátegui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16"> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rolland, J P" sort="Rolland, J P" uniqKey="Rolland J" first="J.-P." last="Rolland">J.-P. Rolland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A53">Université Paris 10, STAPS Dept, 200 Avenue de la République, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université Paris 10</orgName>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rossier, J" sort="Rossier, J" uniqKey="Rossier J" first="J." last="Rossier">J. Rossier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, BFSH 2 Dorigny, Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1015</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CH-1015</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruch, W" sort="Ruch, W" uniqKey="Ruch W" first="W." last="Ruch">W. Ruch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A55">Psychologisches Institut, Zürichbergstrasse 43, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Psychologisches Institut, Zürichbergstrasse 43, 8044 Zürich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rus, V S" sort="Rus, V S" uniqKey="Rus V" first="V. S." last="Rus">V. S. Rus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Bernardos, M L" sort="Sanchez Bernardos, M L" uniqKey="Sanchez Bernardos M" first="M. L." last="Sánchez-Bernardos">M. L. Sánchez-Bernardos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A10">Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, V" sort="Schmidt, V" uniqKey="Schmidt V" first="V." last="Schmidt">V. Schmidt</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Sciculna Calleja, S" sort="Sciculna Calleja, S" uniqKey="Sciculna Calleja S" first="S." last="Sciculna-Calleja">S. Sciculna-Calleja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Sekowski, A" sort="Sekowski, A" uniqKey="Sekowski A" first="A." last="Sekowski">A. Sekowski</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Catholic University of Lublin, Department of Psychology, A1. Raclawickie 14, Lublin 20-950 Poland</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lublin 20-950 Poland</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shakespeare Finch, J" sort="Shakespeare Finch, J" uniqKey="Shakespeare Finch J" first="J." last="Shakespeare-Finch">J. Shakespeare-Finch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology; now at School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, TAS, 7250 Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology; now at School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, TAS</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Shimonaka, Y" sort="Shimonaka, Y" uniqKey="Shimonaka Y" first="Y." last="Shimonaka">Y. Shimonaka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196, Kamekubo, Oi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 356-8533 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196, Kamekubo, Oi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Saitama</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Simonetti, F" sort="Simonetti, F" uniqKey="Simonetti F" first="F." last="Simonetti">F. Simonetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Sineshaw, T" sort="Sineshaw, T" uniqKey="Sineshaw T" first="T." last="Sineshaw">T. Sineshaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 505 Ramapo Valley Road, Mahwah, NJ 07430</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 505 Ramapo Valley Road, Mahwah</wicri:cityArea>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siuta, J" sort="Siuta, J" uniqKey="Siuta J" first="J." last="Siuta">J. Siuta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A60">Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Smith, P B" sort="Smith, P B" uniqKey="Smith P" first="P. B." last="Smith">P. B. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement>
<region type="nation">Angleterre</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Trapnell, P D" sort="Trapnell, P D" uniqKey="Trapnell P" first="P. D." last="Trapnell">P. D. Trapnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Psychology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Trobst, K K" sort="Trobst, K K" uniqKey="Trobst K" first="K. K." last="Trobst">K. K. Trobst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">M3J 1P3</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, L" sort="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L" first="L." last="Wang">L. Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Yik, M" sort="Yik, M" uniqKey="Yik M" first="M." last="Yik">M. Yik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kowloon</wicri:noRegion>
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<author><name sortKey="Zupan I, A" sort="Zupan I, A" uniqKey="Zupan I A" first="A." last="Zupan I">A. Zupan I</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Ministry for Health, Štefanova ulica 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Slovenia</wicri:noCountry>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccrae, R R" sort="Mccrae, R R" uniqKey="Mccrae R" first="R. R." last="Mccrae">R. R. Mccrae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">National Character Does Not Reflect Mean Personality Trait Levels in 49 Cultures</title>
<author><name sortKey="Terracciano, A" sort="Terracciano, A" uniqKey="Terracciano A" first="A." last="Terracciano">A. Terracciano</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdel Khalek, A M" sort="Abdel Khalek, A M" uniqKey="Abdel Khalek A" first="A. M." last="Abdel-Khalek">A. M. Abdel-Khalek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan, Kuwait</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adam, N" sort="Adam, N" uniqKey="Adam N" first="N." last="Ádám">N. Ádám</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Adamovova, L" sort="Adamovova, L" uniqKey="Adamovova L" first="L." last="Adamovová">L. Adamovová</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 813 64</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">813 64</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, C K" sort="Ahn, C K" uniqKey="Ahn C" first="C.-K." last="Ahn">C.-K. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Education, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, H N" sort="Ahn, H N" uniqKey="Ahn H" first="H.-N." last="Ahn">H.-N. Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Busan 609-735</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alansari, B M" sort="Alansari, B M" uniqKey="Alansari B" first="B. M." last="Alansari">B. M. Alansari</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan, Kuwait</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Koweït</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kuwait, P.O. Box 68168, 71962, Kaifan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kaifan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alcalay, L" sort="Alcalay, L" uniqKey="Alcalay L" first="L." last="Alcalay">L. Alcalay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allik, J" sort="Allik, J" uniqKey="Allik J" first="J." last="Allik">J. Allik</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, Estonia, 50410</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">50410</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Angleitner, A" sort="Angleitner, A" uniqKey="Angleitner A" first="A." last="Angleitner">A. Angleitner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-33501</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Avia, A" sort="Avia, A" uniqKey="Avia A" first="A." last="Avia">A. Avia</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
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<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
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<orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Ayearst, L E" sort="Ayearst, L E" uniqKey="Ayearst L" first="L. E." last="Ayearst">L. E. Ayearst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">M3J 1P3</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barbaranelli, C" sort="Barbaranelli, C" uniqKey="Barbaranelli C" first="C." last="Barbaranelli">C. Barbaranelli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A12">Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” Via Dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Latium</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beer, A" sort="Beer, A" uniqKey="Beer A" first="A." last="Beer">A. Beer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Borg Cunen, M A" sort="Borg Cunen, M A" uniqKey="Borg Cunen M" first="M. A." last="Borg-Cunen">M. A. Borg-Cunen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bratko, D" sort="Bratko, D" uniqKey="Bratko D" first="D." last="Bratko">D. Bratko</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3, Zagreb, Croatia, 10000</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">10000</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brunner Sciarra, M" sort="Brunner Sciarra, M" uniqKey="Brunner Sciarra M" first="M." last="Brunner-Sciarra">M. Brunner-Sciarra</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16"> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Budzinski, L" sort="Budzinski, L" uniqKey="Budzinski L" first="L." last="Budzinski">L. Budzinski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A17">Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, 3010, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, 3010</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Melbourne</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Melbourne</settlement>
<region type="état">Victoria (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Camart, N" sort="Camart, N" uniqKey="Camart N" first="N." last="Camart">N. Camart</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">92001</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dahourou, D" sort="Dahourou, D" uniqKey="Dahourou D" first="D." last="Dahourou">D. Dahourou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Ouagadougou, 03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>03 B.P. 7021 Ouagadougou 03</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Fruyt, F" sort="De Fruyt, F" uniqKey="De Fruyt F" first="F." last="De Fruyt">F. De Fruyt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A20">Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2, Ghent, Belgium, B-9000</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, H. Dunantlaan, 2, Ghent, Belgium, B-9000</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>B-9000</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lima, M P" sort="De Lima, M P" uniqKey="De Lima M" first="M. P." last="De Lima">M. P. De Lima</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A21">Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculdade de Psicologia, Ciencias da Educacao, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Coimbra</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Del Pilar, G E H" sort="Del Pilar, G E H" uniqKey="Del Pilar G" first="G. E. H." last="Del Pilar">G. E. H. Del Pilar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A22">Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Philippines</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>1101</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Diener, E" sort="Diener, E" uniqKey="Diener E" first="E." last="Diener">E. Diener</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, 603 E. Daniel St., Champaign, IL, US, 61820</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">61820</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falzon, R" sort="Falzon, R" uniqKey="Falzon R" first="R." last="Falzon">R. Falzon</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernando, K" sort="Fernando, K" uniqKey="Fernando K" first="K." last="Fernando">K. Fernando</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fickova, E" sort="Fickova, E" uniqKey="Fickova E" first="E." last="Ficková">E. Ficková</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Institute of Experimental Psychology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 813 64</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">813 64</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, R" sort="Fischer, R" uniqKey="Fischer R" first="R." last="Fischer">R. Fischer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A25">School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, PO Box 600, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wellington</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flores Mendoza, C" sort="Flores Mendoza, C" uniqKey="Flores Mendoza C" first="C." last="Flores-Mendoza">C. Flores-Mendoza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="A26">U Federal de Minas Gerais, Dept de Psicologia, Sala 4042, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>U Federal de Minas Gerais, Dept de Psicologia, Sala 4042, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement>
<region type="state">Minas Gerais</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ghayur, M A" sort="Ghayur, M A" uniqKey="Ghayur M" first="M. A." last="Ghayur">M. A. Ghayur</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A27">Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco; now at Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182-4611</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco; now at Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gulgoz, S" sort="Gulgoz, S" uniqKey="Gulgoz S" first="S." last="Gülgöz">S. Gülgöz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A28">Koç University, Sariyer 80910, Istanbul, Turkey</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Turquie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Koç University, Sariyer 80910, Istanbul</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Istanbul</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hagberg, B" sort="Hagberg, B" uniqKey="Hagberg B" first="B." last="Hagberg">B. Hagberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A29">Unit of Gerontology and Care for the Elderly, Lund University, Box 187, S-222 20 Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Unit of Gerontology and Care for the Elderly, Lund University, Box 187, S-222 20 Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>S-222 20 Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halberstadt, J" sort="Halberstadt, J" uniqKey="Halberstadt J" first="J." last="Halberstadt">J. Halberstadt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A24">Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dunedin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Halim, M S" sort="Halim, M S" uniqKey="Halim M" first="M. S." last="Halim">M. S. Halim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A30">Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman kav-51, Jakarta Selatan-12930, Indonesia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman kav-51, Jakarta Selatan-12930</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Jakarta Selatan-12930</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="H Ebi Kova, M" sort="H Ebi Kova, M" uniqKey="H Ebi Kova M" first="M." last="H Ebí Ková">M. H Ebí Ková</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A31">Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vevří 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République tchèque</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vevří 97, 602 00 Brno</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>602 00 Brno</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Humrichouse, J" sort="Humrichouse, J" uniqKey="Humrichouse J" first="J." last="Humrichouse">J. Humrichouse</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A13">Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, E11 Seashore Hall, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jensen, H H" sort="Jensen, H H" uniqKey="Jensen H" first="H. H." last="Jensen">H. H. Jensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark, DK-2200</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DK-2200</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jocic, D D" sort="Jocic, D D" uniqKey="Jocic D" first="D. D." last="Jocic">D. D. Jocic</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A33">Institute for Psychiatry, Pasterova 2, Belgrade, Yugoslavia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Yougoslavie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Psychiatry, Pasterova 2, Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Belgrade</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="J Nsson, F H" sort="J Nsson, F H" uniqKey="J Nsson F" first="F. H." last="J Nsson">F. H. J Nsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A34">University of Iceland, Faculty of Social Science, Oddi, Sturlugata, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Islande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Iceland, Faculty of Social Science, Oddi, Sturlugata, 101 Reykjavík</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>101 Reykjavík</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoury, B" sort="Khoury, B" uniqKey="Khoury B" first="B." last="Khoury">B. Khoury</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O.Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Beirut 1107 2020 Lebanon</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klinkosz, W" sort="Klinkosz, W" uniqKey="Klinkosz W" first="W." last="Klinkosz">W. Klinkosz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Catholic University of Lublin, Department of Psychology, A1. Raclawickie 14, Lublin 20-950 Poland</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lublin 20-950 Poland</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knezevi, G" sort="Knezevi, G" uniqKey="Knezevi G" first="G." last="Kneževi">G. Kneževi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A37">Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Yougoslavie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>11000 Belgrade</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lauri, M A" sort="Lauri, M A" uniqKey="Lauri M" first="M. A." last="Lauri">M. A. Lauri</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leibovich, N" sort="Leibovich, N" uniqKey="Leibovich N" first="N." last="Leibovich">N. Leibovich</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, T A" sort="Martin, T A" uniqKey="Martin T" first="T. A." last="Martin">T. A. Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marusi, I" sort="Marusi, I" uniqKey="Marusi I" first="I." last="Maruši">I. Maruši</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Odsjek za Psihologiju, Filozofski Fakultet u Zagrebu, I. Lucica 3, Zagreb, Croatia, 10000</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">10000</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mastor, K A" sort="Mastor, K A" uniqKey="Mastor K" first="K. A." last="Mastor">K. A. Mastor</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A40">Center for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Malaisie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Selangor Darul Ehsan</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matsumoto, D" sort="Matsumoto, D" uniqKey="Matsumoto D" first="D." last="Matsumoto">D. Matsumoto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcrorie, M" sort="Mcrorie, M" uniqKey="Mcrorie M" first="M." last="Mcrorie">M. Mcrorie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Northern Ireland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meshcheriakov, B" sort="Meshcheriakov, B" uniqKey="Meshcheriakov B" first="B." last="Meshcheriakov">B. Meshcheriakov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychology, International University “Dubna,” 19, Universitetskaya str., Dubna, Moscow area, Russia, 141980</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">141980</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mortensen, E L" sort="Mortensen, E L" uniqKey="Mortensen E" first="E. L." last="Mortensen">E. L. Mortensen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Health Psychology, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, Denmark, DK-2200</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">DK-2200</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Munyae, M" sort="Munyae, M" uniqKey="Munyae M" first="M." last="Munyae">M. Munyae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A44">Center for Continuing Education, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Botswana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center for Continuing Education, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Gaborone</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nagy, J" sort="Nagy, J" uniqKey="Nagy J" first="J." last="Nagy">J. Nagy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25, Hungary</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Education and Psychology, Lóránd Eötvös University, 1075 Budapest, Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kazinczy u. 23-25</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nakazato, K" sort="Nakazato, K" uniqKey="Nakazato K" first="K." last="Nakazato">K. Nakazato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Psychology, Iwate Prefectural University, 152-52 Sugo, Takizawa, Iwate, 020-0193 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Iwate Prefectural University, 152-52 Sugo, Takizawa, Iwate</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Iwate</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nansubuga, F" sort="Nansubuga, F" uniqKey="Nansubuga F" first="F." last="Nansubuga">F. Nansubuga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Organizational Psychology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kampala</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oishi, S" sort="Oishi, S" uniqKey="Oishi S" first="S." last="Oishi">S. Oishi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A47">Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400400, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Virginie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, P. O. Box 400400, Charlottesville</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ojedokun, A O" sort="Ojedokun, A O" uniqKey="Ojedokun A" first="A. O." last="Ojedokun">A. O. Ojedokun</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A48">Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Ibadan</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Ibadan</settlement>
<region type="region">État d'Oyo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ostendorf, F" sort="Ostendorf, F" uniqKey="Ostendorf F" first="F." last="Ostendorf">F. Ostendorf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</nlm:aff>
<country wicri:rule="zip">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>University of Bielefeld, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 100131, Bielefeld, Germany, D-33501</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>33501</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-33501</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paulhus, D L" sort="Paulhus, D L" uniqKey="Paulhus D" first="D. L." last="Paulhus">D. L. Paulhus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A49">Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z4</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Vancouver</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pelevin, S" sort="Pelevin, S" uniqKey="Pelevin S" first="S." last="Pelevin">S. Pelevin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Department of Psychology, International University “Dubna,” 19, Universitetskaya str., Dubna, Moscow area, Russia, 141980</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">141980</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petot, J M" sort="Petot, J M" uniqKey="Petot J" first="J.-M." last="Petot">J.-M. Petot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique des Faits Culturels, Universite de Paris-X, 200, Avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">92001</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Podobnik, N" sort="Podobnik, N" uniqKey="Podobnik N" first="N." last="Podobnik">N. Podobnik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A50">Psychiatric Hospital of Idrija, Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija, 5280 Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Psychiatric Hospital of Idrija, Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Pot Sv. Antona 49 Idrija</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Porrata, J L" sort="Porrata, J L" uniqKey="Porrata J" first="J. L." last="Porrata">J. L. Porrata</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A51">Escuela Graduada de Administracion Publica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Porto Rico</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela Graduada de Administracion Publica, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Rio Piedras</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pramila, V S" sort="Pramila, V S" uniqKey="Pramila V" first="V. S." last="Pramila">V. S. Pramila</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh, India</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, Andhra Pradesh</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Andhra Pradesh</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prentice, G" sort="Prentice, G" uniqKey="Prentice G" first="G." last="Prentice">G. Prentice</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A42">School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Northern Ireland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Realo, A" sort="Realo, A" uniqKey="Realo A" first="A." last="Realo">A. Realo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu, Estonia, 50410</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">50410</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reategui, N" sort="Reategui, N" uniqKey="Reategui N" first="N." last="Reátegui">N. Reátegui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A16"> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima, Peru</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pérou</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendáriz 497 Miraflores, Lima</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lima</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rolland, J P" sort="Rolland, J P" uniqKey="Rolland J" first="J.-P." last="Rolland">J.-P. Rolland</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A53">Université Paris 10, STAPS Dept, 200 Avenue de la République, Nanterre, France, 92001</nlm:aff>
<orgName type="university">Université Paris 10</orgName>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nanterre</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rossier, J" sort="Rossier, J" uniqKey="Rossier J" first="J." last="Rossier">J. Rossier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, BFSH 2 Dorigny, Lausanne, Switzerland, CH-1015</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CH-1015</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ruch, W" sort="Ruch, W" uniqKey="Ruch W" first="W." last="Ruch">W. Ruch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A55">Psychologisches Institut, Zürichbergstrasse 43, 8044 Zürich, Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Psychologisches Institut, Zürichbergstrasse 43, 8044 Zürich</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Zurich</settlement>
<region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Zurich</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rus, V S" sort="Rus, V S" uniqKey="Rus V" first="V. S." last="Rus">V. S. Rus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A56">Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Slovénie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ljubljana</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Bernardos, M L" sort="Sanchez Bernardos, M L" uniqKey="Sanchez Bernardos M" first="M. L." last="Sánchez-Bernardos">M. L. Sánchez-Bernardos</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A10">Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region>
<settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, V" sort="Schmidt, V" uniqKey="Schmidt V" first="V." last="Schmidt">V. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A38">Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Argentine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Buenos Aires</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sciculna Calleja, S" sort="Sciculna Calleja, S" uniqKey="Sciculna Calleja S" first="S." last="Sciculna-Calleja">S. Sciculna-Calleja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Department of Psychology, University of Malta, Msida MSD 06 Malta</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Msida MSD 06 Malta</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sekowski, A" sort="Sekowski, A" uniqKey="Sekowski A" first="A." last="Sekowski">A. Sekowski</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Catholic University of Lublin, Department of Psychology, A1. Raclawickie 14, Lublin 20-950 Poland</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Lublin 20-950 Poland</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shakespeare Finch, J" sort="Shakespeare Finch, J" uniqKey="Shakespeare Finch J" first="J." last="Shakespeare-Finch">J. Shakespeare-Finch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A57">School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology; now at School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, TAS, 7250 Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology; now at School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1342, Launceston, TAS</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>TAS</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shimonaka, Y" sort="Shimonaka, Y" uniqKey="Shimonaka Y" first="Y." last="Shimonaka">Y. Shimonaka</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196, Kamekubo, Oi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 356-8533 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Bunkyo Gakuin University, 1196, Kamekubo, Oi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Saitama</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simonetti, F" sort="Simonetti, F" uniqKey="Simonetti F" first="F." last="Simonetti">F. Simonetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A7">Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Escuela de Psicologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Santiago</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sineshaw, T" sort="Sineshaw, T" uniqKey="Sineshaw T" first="T." last="Sineshaw">T. Sineshaw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Psychology, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 505 Ramapo Valley Road, Mahwah, NJ 07430</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Psychology, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 505 Ramapo Valley Road, Mahwah</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siuta, J" sort="Siuta, J" uniqKey="Siuta J" first="J." last="Siuta">J. Siuta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A60">Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Krakow</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, P B" sort="Smith, P B" uniqKey="Smith P" first="P. B." last="Smith">P. B. Smith</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A61">Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Sussex</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Brighton</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Falmer</settlement>
<region type="nation">Angleterre</region>
<region nuts="2" type="region">Sussex de l'Est</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trapnell, P D" sort="Trapnell, P D" uniqKey="Trapnell P" first="P. D." last="Trapnell">P. D. Trapnell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A62">Department of Psychology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg, Manitoba</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Manitoba</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Trobst, K K" sort="Trobst, K K" uniqKey="Trobst K" first="K. K." last="Trobst">K. K. Trobst</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">M3J 1P3</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, L" sort="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L" first="L." last="Wang">L. Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A63">Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pékin</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yik, M" sort="Yik, M" uniqKey="Yik M" first="M." last="Yik">M. Yik</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A64">Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Social Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kowloon</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zupan I, A" sort="Zupan I, A" uniqKey="Zupan I A" first="A." last="Zupan I">A. Zupan I</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Ministry for Health, Štefanova ulica 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Republic of Slovenia</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of Slovenia</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccrae, R R" sort="Mccrae, R R" uniqKey="Mccrae R" first="R. R." last="Mccrae">R. R. Mccrae</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="A1">National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>National Institute on Aging, NIH, DHHS, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Science (New York, N.Y.)</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0036-8075</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-9203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2005">2005</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Most people hold beliefs about personality characteristics typical of members of their own and others' cultures. These perceptions of national character may be generalizations from personal experience, stereotypes with a “kernel of truth,” or inaccurate stereotypes. We obtained national character ratings (<italic>N</italic>
 = 3,989) from 49 cultures and compared them to the average personality scores of culture members assessed by observer ratings and self-reports. National character ratings were reliable, but did not converge with assessed traits (<italic>Mdn r</italic>
 = .04). Perceptions of national character thus appear to be unfounded stereotypes that may serve the function of maintaining a national identity.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</PMC>
</double>
</record>

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	Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie
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Serveur d'exploration sur les relations entre la France et l'Australie

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures

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