Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system
Identifieur interne : 006438 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 006437; suivant : 006439Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system
Auteurs : A. P. Huxor [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; A. M. N. Ferguson [Royaume-Uni] ; N. R. Tanvir ; M. J. Irwin ; A. D. Mackey [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; R. A. Ibata [France] ; T. Bridges [Canada] ; S. C. Chapman ; G. F. Lewis [Australie]Source :
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society [ 0035-8711 ] ; 2011-06-11.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Absolute magnitudes, Accretion, Areal number density, Astronomical catalogues, Attening, Barmby, Belokurov, Black line, Bologna catalogue, Brodie strader, Central regions, Centre, Cluster, Color, Color distribution, Colour, Colours, Completeness issues, Dark matter, Dark matter halo, Direct evidence, Discernible gradient, Dwarf galaxies, Entire sample, Flattening, Foreground stars, Fusi pecci, Galactic foreground extinction, Galactic halos, Galactocentric, Galactocentric distance, Galactocentric radius, Galaxies, Galaxy, Galaxy clusters, Galaxy evolution, Galaxy formation, Galaxy halo, Galleti, Globular, Globular clusters, Halo, Halo globular cluster system, Huxor, Ibata, Inner region, Inverted triangles, Irwin, Koposov, Large galactocentric distances, Large galactocentric radii, Large radii, Large radius, Line outlines, Lled diamonds, Local group, Luminosity, Luminosity functions, Mackey, Mcconnachie, Mcconnachie irwin, Median values, Metallicities, Metallicity, Metallicity gradient, Milky Way, Minor axis, Mnras, Modest amount, Monthly notices, More metal, National research council, Number density, Open diamonds, Other hand, Outer halo, Outer regions, Photometry, Present address, Present work, Radial, Radial gradient, Radial number density, Radial range, Radial surface density, Radial variation, Radius, Reddening values, Rproj, Sagittarius dwarf, Same bins, Same radius, Scenario, Searle zinn, Size distribution, Slow collapse, Small number statistics, Small radii, Smaller radii, Star clusters, Star formation, Stellar, Stellar halo, Structural parameters, Surface brightness, Surface density, Survey area, Tanvir, True nature, Tted, Vertical lines, Young clusters.
- Teeft :
- Absolute magnitudes, Accretion, Areal number density, Attening, Barmby, Belokurov, Black line, Bologna catalogue, Brodie strader, Central regions, Centre, Cluster, Colour, Colours, Completeness issues, Dark matter, Dark matter halo, Direct evidence, Discernible gradient, Dwarf galaxies, Entire sample, Foreground stars, Fusi pecci, Galactic foreground extinction, Galactocentric, Galactocentric distance, Galactocentric radius, Galaxy, Galaxy formation, Galleti, Globular, Halo, Halo globular cluster system, Huxor, Ibata, Inner region, Inverted triangles, Irwin, Koposov, Large galactocentric distances, Large galactocentric radii, Large radii, Large radius, Line outlines, Lled diamonds, Local group, Luminosity, Luminosity functions, Mackey, Mcconnachie, Mcconnachie irwin, Median values, Metallicities, Metallicity, Metallicity gradient, Minor axis, Mnras, Modest amount, Monthly notices, More metal, National research council, Number density, Open diamonds, Other hand, Outer halo, Outer regions, Photometry, Present address, Present work, Radial, Radial gradient, Radial number density, Radial range, Radial surface density, Radial variation, Radius, Reddening values, Rproj, Sagittarius dwarf, Same bins, Same radius, Scenario, Searle zinn, Size distribution, Slow collapse, Small number statistics, Small radii, Smaller radii, Star clusters, Star formation, Stellar, Stellar halo, Structural parameters, Surface brightness, Surface density, Survey area, Tanvir, True nature, Tted, Vertical lines, Young clusters.
Abstract
Following on from our discovery of a significant population of M31 outer halo globular clusters (GCs), and updates to the Revised Bologna Catalogue of M31 GCs, we investigate the GC system of M31 out to an unprecedented radius (≈120 kpc). We derive various ensemble properties, including the magnitude, colour and metallicity distributions, as well as the GC number density profile. One of our most significant findings is evidence for a flattening in the radial GC number density profile in the outer halo. Intriguingly, this occurs at a galactocentric radius of ∼2° (∼30 kpc) which is the radius at which the underlying stellar halo surface density has also been shown to flatten. The GCs which lie beyond this radius are remarkably uniform in terms of their blue (V−I)0 colours, consistent with them belonging to an ancient population with little to no metallicity gradient. Structural parameters are also derived for a sample of 13 newly discovered extended clusters (ECs), and we find the lowest luminosity ECs have magnitudes and sizes similar to Palomar‐type GCs in the Milky Way halo. We argue that our findings provide strong support for a scenario in which a significant fraction of the outer halo GC population of M31 has been accreted.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18450.x
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N. R. Tanvir<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">7RH</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">0HA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">0HA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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type="published" when="2011-06-11">2011-06-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute magnitudes</term><term>Accretion</term><term>Areal number density</term><term>Astronomical catalogues</term><term>Attening</term><term>Barmby</term><term>Belokurov</term><term>Black line</term><term>Bologna catalogue</term><term>Brodie strader</term><term>Central regions</term><term>Centre</term><term>Cluster</term><term>Color</term><term>Color distribution</term><term>Colour</term><term>Colours</term><term>Completeness issues</term><term>Dark matter</term><term>Dark matter halo</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Discernible gradient</term><term>Dwarf galaxies</term><term>Entire sample</term><term>Flattening</term><term>Foreground stars</term><term>Fusi pecci</term><term>Galactic foreground extinction</term><term>Galactic halos</term><term>Galactocentric</term><term>Galactocentric distance</term><term>Galactocentric radius</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Galaxy</term><term>Galaxy clusters</term><term>Galaxy evolution</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galaxy halo</term><term>Galleti</term><term>Globular</term><term>Globular clusters</term><term>Halo</term><term>Halo globular cluster system</term><term>Huxor</term><term>Ibata</term><term>Inner region</term><term>Inverted triangles</term><term>Irwin</term><term>Koposov</term><term>Large galactocentric distances</term><term>Large galactocentric radii</term><term>Large radii</term><term>Large radius</term><term>Line outlines</term><term>Lled diamonds</term><term>Local group</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Luminosity functions</term><term>Mackey</term><term>Mcconnachie</term><term>Mcconnachie irwin</term><term>Median values</term><term>Metallicities</term><term>Metallicity</term><term>Metallicity gradient</term><term>Milky Way</term><term>Minor axis</term><term>Mnras</term><term>Modest amount</term><term>Monthly notices</term><term>More metal</term><term>National research council</term><term>Number density</term><term>Open diamonds</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Outer halo</term><term>Outer regions</term><term>Photometry</term><term>Present address</term><term>Present work</term><term>Radial</term><term>Radial gradient</term><term>Radial number density</term><term>Radial range</term><term>Radial surface density</term><term>Radial variation</term><term>Radius</term><term>Reddening values</term><term>Rproj</term><term>Sagittarius dwarf</term><term>Same bins</term><term>Same radius</term><term>Scenario</term><term>Searle zinn</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Slow collapse</term><term>Small number statistics</term><term>Small radii</term><term>Smaller radii</term><term>Star clusters</term><term>Star formation</term><term>Stellar</term><term>Stellar halo</term><term>Structural parameters</term><term>Surface brightness</term><term>Surface density</term><term>Survey area</term><term>Tanvir</term><term>True nature</term><term>Tted</term><term>Vertical lines</term><term>Young clusters</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amas galaxies</term><term>Amas globulaire</term><term>Amas stellaire</term><term>Aplatissement</term><term>Catalogue astronomique</term><term>Couleur</term><term>Distribution couleur</term><term>Evolution galaxies</term><term>Formation galaxies</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Halo galactique</term><term>Halo galaxies</term><term>Luminosité</term><term>Métallicité</term><term>Voie lactée</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute magnitudes</term><term>Accretion</term><term>Areal number density</term><term>Attening</term><term>Barmby</term><term>Belokurov</term><term>Black line</term><term>Bologna catalogue</term><term>Brodie strader</term><term>Central regions</term><term>Centre</term><term>Cluster</term><term>Colour</term><term>Colours</term><term>Completeness issues</term><term>Dark matter</term><term>Dark matter halo</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Discernible gradient</term><term>Dwarf galaxies</term><term>Entire sample</term><term>Foreground stars</term><term>Fusi pecci</term><term>Galactic foreground extinction</term><term>Galactocentric</term><term>Galactocentric distance</term><term>Galactocentric radius</term><term>Galaxy</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galleti</term><term>Globular</term><term>Halo</term><term>Halo globular cluster system</term><term>Huxor</term><term>Ibata</term><term>Inner region</term><term>Inverted triangles</term><term>Irwin</term><term>Koposov</term><term>Large galactocentric distances</term><term>Large galactocentric radii</term><term>Large radii</term><term>Large radius</term><term>Line outlines</term><term>Lled diamonds</term><term>Local group</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Luminosity functions</term><term>Mackey</term><term>Mcconnachie</term><term>Mcconnachie irwin</term><term>Median values</term><term>Metallicities</term><term>Metallicity</term><term>Metallicity gradient</term><term>Minor axis</term><term>Mnras</term><term>Modest amount</term><term>Monthly notices</term><term>More metal</term><term>National research council</term><term>Number density</term><term>Open diamonds</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Outer halo</term><term>Outer regions</term><term>Photometry</term><term>Present address</term><term>Present work</term><term>Radial</term><term>Radial gradient</term><term>Radial number density</term><term>Radial range</term><term>Radial surface density</term><term>Radial variation</term><term>Radius</term><term>Reddening values</term><term>Rproj</term><term>Sagittarius dwarf</term><term>Same bins</term><term>Same radius</term><term>Scenario</term><term>Searle zinn</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Slow collapse</term><term>Small number statistics</term><term>Small radii</term><term>Smaller radii</term><term>Star clusters</term><term>Star formation</term><term>Stellar</term><term>Stellar halo</term><term>Structural parameters</term><term>Surface brightness</term><term>Surface density</term><term>Survey area</term><term>Tanvir</term><term>True nature</term><term>Tted</term><term>Vertical lines</term><term>Young clusters</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Following on from our discovery of a significant population of M31 outer halo globular clusters (GCs), and updates to the Revised Bologna Catalogue of M31 GCs, we investigate the GC system of M31 out to an unprecedented radius (≈120 kpc). We derive various ensemble properties, including the magnitude, colour and metallicity distributions, as well as the GC number density profile. One of our most significant findings is evidence for a flattening in the radial GC number density profile in the outer halo. Intriguingly, this occurs at a galactocentric radius of ∼2° (∼30 kpc) which is the radius at which the underlying stellar halo surface density has also been shown to flatten. The GCs which lie beyond this radius are remarkably uniform in terms of their blue (V−I)0 colours, consistent with them belonging to an ancient population with little to no metallicity gradient. Structural parameters are also derived for a sample of 13 newly discovered extended clusters (ECs), and we find the lowest luminosity ECs have magnitudes and sizes similar to Palomar‐type GCs in the Milky Way halo. We argue that our findings provide strong support for a scenario in which a significant fraction of the outer halo GC population of M31 has been accreted.</div></front></TEI><double idat="0035-8711:2011:Huxor A:exploring:the:properties"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system</title><author><name sortKey="Huxor, A P" sort="Huxor, A P" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="A. P." last="Huxor">A. P. Huxor</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, A M N" sort="Ferguson, A M N" uniqKey="Ferguson A" first="A. M. N." last="Ferguson">A. M. N. Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road</s1><s2>Leicester LEI 7RH</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LEI 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irwin, M J" sort="Irwin, M J" uniqKey="Irwin M" first="M. J." last="Irwin">M. J. Irwin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 0HA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0HA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A D" sort="Mackey, A D" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. D." last="Mackey">A. D. Mackey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibata, R A" sort="Ibata, R A" uniqKey="Ibata R" first="R. A." last="Ibata">R. A. Ibata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11, rue de l'Universite</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, T" sort="Bridges, T" uniqKey="Bridges T" first="T." last="Bridges">T. Bridges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Physics, Queen's University</s1><s2>Kingston, Ontario K7M 3N6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Kingston, Ontario K7M 3N6</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, S C" sort="Chapman, S C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="S. C." last="Chapman">S. C. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 0HA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0HA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, G F" sort="Lewis, G F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="G. F." last="Lewis">G. F. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A29, University of Sydney</s1><s2>NSW 2006</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">11-0283162</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 11-0283162 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:11-0283162</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">001C43</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">004300</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001B02</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001B02</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0035-8711:2011:Huxor A:exploring:the:properties</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">006F53</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system</title><author><name sortKey="Huxor, A P" sort="Huxor, A P" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="A. P." last="Huxor">A. P. Huxor</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, A M N" sort="Ferguson, A M N" uniqKey="Ferguson A" first="A. M. N." last="Ferguson">A. M. N. Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road</s1><s2>Leicester LEI 7RH</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Leicester LEI 7RH</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irwin, M J" sort="Irwin, M J" uniqKey="Irwin M" first="M. J." last="Irwin">M. J. Irwin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 0HA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0HA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A D" sort="Mackey, A D" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. D." last="Mackey">A. D. Mackey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</wicri:noRegion><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibata, R A" sort="Ibata, R A" uniqKey="Ibata R" first="R. A." last="Ibata">R. A. Ibata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11, rue de l'Universite</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Alsace (région administrative)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, T" sort="Bridges, T" uniqKey="Bridges T" first="T." last="Bridges">T. Bridges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Physics, Queen's University</s1><s2>Kingston, Ontario K7M 3N6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Kingston, Ontario K7M 3N6</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, S C" sort="Chapman, S C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="S. C." last="Chapman">S. C. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 0HA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0HA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, G F" sort="Lewis, G F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="G. F." last="Lewis">G. F. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A29, University of Sydney</s1><s2>NSW 2006</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Astronomical catalogues</term><term>Color</term><term>Color distribution</term><term>Flattening</term><term>Galactic halos</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Galaxy clusters</term><term>Galaxy evolution</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galaxy halo</term><term>Globular clusters</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Metallicity</term><term>Milky Way</term><term>Star clusters</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amas globulaire</term><term>Catalogue astronomique</term><term>Distribution couleur</term><term>Métallicité</term><term>Aplatissement</term><term>Couleur</term><term>Luminosité</term><term>Halo galactique</term><term>Formation galaxies</term><term>Evolution galaxies</term><term>Halo galaxies</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Amas galaxies</term><term>Amas stellaire</term><term>Voie lactée</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Following on from our discovery of a significant population of M31 outer halo globular clusters (GCs), and updates to the Revised Bologna Catalogue of M31 GCs, we investigate the GC system of M31 out to an unprecedented radius (≃120kpc). We derive various ensemble properties, including the magnitude, colour and metallicity distributions, as well as the GC number density profile. One of our most significant findings is evidence for a flattening in the radial GC number density profile in the outer halo. Intriguingly, this occurs at a galactocentric radius of ˜2° (˜30 kpc) which is the radius at which the underlying stellar halo surface density has also been shown to flatten. The GCs which lie beyond this radius are remarkably uniform in terms of their blue (V-I)<sub>0</sub> colours, consistent with them belonging to an ancient population with little to no metallicity gradient. Structural parameters are also derived for a sample of 13 newly discovered extended clusters (ECs), and we find the lowest luminosity ECs have magnitudes and sizes similar to Palomar-type GCs in the Milky Way halo. We argue that our findings provide strong support for a scenario in which a significant fraction of the outer halo GC population of M31 has been accreted.</div></front></TEI></INIST><ISTEX><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system</title><author><name sortKey="Huxor, A P" sort="Huxor, A P" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="A. P." last="Huxor">A. P. Huxor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, A M N" sort="Ferguson, A M N" uniqKey="Ferguson A" first="A. M. N." last="Ferguson">A. M. N. Ferguson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name></author><author><name sortKey="Irwin, M J" sort="Irwin, M J" uniqKey="Irwin M" first="M. J." last="Irwin">M. J. Irwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A D" sort="Mackey, A D" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. D." last="Mackey">A. D. Mackey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ibata, R A" sort="Ibata, R A" uniqKey="Ibata R" first="R. A." last="Ibata">R. A. Ibata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, T" sort="Bridges, T" uniqKey="Bridges T" first="T." last="Bridges">T. Bridges</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, S C" sort="Chapman, S C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="S. C." last="Chapman">S. C. Chapman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, G F" sort="Lewis, G F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="G. F." last="Lewis">G. F. Lewis</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DCB76087761BD8FC376DEF18E0FED301CE21461F</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18450.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/DCB76087761BD8FC376DEF18E0FED301CE21461F/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002918</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002918</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">002918</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000858</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000858</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0035-8711:2011:Huxor A:exploring:the:properties</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">006815</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Exploring the properties of the M31 halo globular cluster system</title><author><name sortKey="Huxor, A P" sort="Huxor, A P" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="A. P." last="Huxor">A. P. Huxor</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>E‐mail: Present address: H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL.Present address: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ACT 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, A M N" sort="Ferguson, A M N" uniqKey="Ferguson A" first="A. M. N." last="Ferguson">A. M. N. Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">7RH</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irwin, M J" sort="Irwin, M J" uniqKey="Irwin M" first="M. J." last="Irwin">M. J. Irwin</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">0HA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A D" sort="Mackey, A D" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. D." last="Mackey">A. D. Mackey</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement><region type="country">Écosse</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>E‐mail: Present address: H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL.Present address: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Mt Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ACT 2611</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibata, R A" sort="Ibata, R A" uniqKey="Ibata R" first="R. A." last="Ibata">R. A. Ibata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11, rue de l'Universite, F‐67000 Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>F‐67000 Strasbourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, T" sort="Bridges, T" uniqKey="Bridges T" first="T." last="Bridges">T. Bridges</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7M 3N6</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ontario K7M 3N6</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, S C" sort="Chapman, S C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="S. C." last="Chapman">S. C. Chapman</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">0HA</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, G F" sort="Lewis, G F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="G. F." last="Lewis">G. F. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A29, University of Sydney, NSW 2006</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="alt">MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2966</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">414</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="770">770</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="780">780</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-06-11">2011-06-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute magnitudes</term><term>Accretion</term><term>Areal number density</term><term>Attening</term><term>Barmby</term><term>Belokurov</term><term>Black line</term><term>Bologna catalogue</term><term>Brodie strader</term><term>Central regions</term><term>Centre</term><term>Cluster</term><term>Colour</term><term>Colours</term><term>Completeness issues</term><term>Dark matter</term><term>Dark matter halo</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Discernible gradient</term><term>Dwarf galaxies</term><term>Entire sample</term><term>Foreground stars</term><term>Fusi pecci</term><term>Galactic foreground extinction</term><term>Galactocentric</term><term>Galactocentric distance</term><term>Galactocentric radius</term><term>Galaxy</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galleti</term><term>Globular</term><term>Halo</term><term>Halo globular cluster system</term><term>Huxor</term><term>Ibata</term><term>Inner region</term><term>Inverted triangles</term><term>Irwin</term><term>Koposov</term><term>Large galactocentric distances</term><term>Large galactocentric radii</term><term>Large radii</term><term>Large radius</term><term>Line outlines</term><term>Lled diamonds</term><term>Local group</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Luminosity functions</term><term>Mackey</term><term>Mcconnachie</term><term>Mcconnachie irwin</term><term>Median values</term><term>Metallicities</term><term>Metallicity</term><term>Metallicity gradient</term><term>Minor axis</term><term>Mnras</term><term>Modest amount</term><term>Monthly notices</term><term>More metal</term><term>National research council</term><term>Number density</term><term>Open diamonds</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Outer halo</term><term>Outer regions</term><term>Photometry</term><term>Present address</term><term>Present work</term><term>Radial</term><term>Radial gradient</term><term>Radial number density</term><term>Radial range</term><term>Radial surface density</term><term>Radial variation</term><term>Radius</term><term>Reddening values</term><term>Rproj</term><term>Sagittarius dwarf</term><term>Same bins</term><term>Same radius</term><term>Scenario</term><term>Searle zinn</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Slow collapse</term><term>Small number statistics</term><term>Small radii</term><term>Smaller radii</term><term>Star clusters</term><term>Star formation</term><term>Stellar</term><term>Stellar halo</term><term>Structural parameters</term><term>Surface brightness</term><term>Surface density</term><term>Survey area</term><term>Tanvir</term><term>True nature</term><term>Tted</term><term>Vertical lines</term><term>Young clusters</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Absolute magnitudes</term><term>Accretion</term><term>Areal number density</term><term>Attening</term><term>Barmby</term><term>Belokurov</term><term>Black line</term><term>Bologna catalogue</term><term>Brodie strader</term><term>Central regions</term><term>Centre</term><term>Cluster</term><term>Colour</term><term>Colours</term><term>Completeness issues</term><term>Dark matter</term><term>Dark matter halo</term><term>Direct evidence</term><term>Discernible gradient</term><term>Dwarf galaxies</term><term>Entire sample</term><term>Foreground stars</term><term>Fusi pecci</term><term>Galactic foreground extinction</term><term>Galactocentric</term><term>Galactocentric distance</term><term>Galactocentric radius</term><term>Galaxy</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galleti</term><term>Globular</term><term>Halo</term><term>Halo globular cluster system</term><term>Huxor</term><term>Ibata</term><term>Inner region</term><term>Inverted triangles</term><term>Irwin</term><term>Koposov</term><term>Large galactocentric distances</term><term>Large galactocentric radii</term><term>Large radii</term><term>Large radius</term><term>Line outlines</term><term>Lled diamonds</term><term>Local group</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Luminosity functions</term><term>Mackey</term><term>Mcconnachie</term><term>Mcconnachie irwin</term><term>Median values</term><term>Metallicities</term><term>Metallicity</term><term>Metallicity gradient</term><term>Minor axis</term><term>Mnras</term><term>Modest amount</term><term>Monthly notices</term><term>More metal</term><term>National research council</term><term>Number density</term><term>Open diamonds</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Outer halo</term><term>Outer regions</term><term>Photometry</term><term>Present address</term><term>Present work</term><term>Radial</term><term>Radial gradient</term><term>Radial number density</term><term>Radial range</term><term>Radial surface density</term><term>Radial variation</term><term>Radius</term><term>Reddening values</term><term>Rproj</term><term>Sagittarius dwarf</term><term>Same bins</term><term>Same radius</term><term>Scenario</term><term>Searle zinn</term><term>Size distribution</term><term>Slow collapse</term><term>Small number statistics</term><term>Small radii</term><term>Smaller radii</term><term>Star clusters</term><term>Star formation</term><term>Stellar</term><term>Stellar halo</term><term>Structural parameters</term><term>Surface brightness</term><term>Surface density</term><term>Survey area</term><term>Tanvir</term><term>True nature</term><term>Tted</term><term>Vertical lines</term><term>Young clusters</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Following on from our discovery of a significant population of M31 outer halo globular clusters (GCs), and updates to the Revised Bologna Catalogue of M31 GCs, we investigate the GC system of M31 out to an unprecedented radius (≈120 kpc). We derive various ensemble properties, including the magnitude, colour and metallicity distributions, as well as the GC number density profile. One of our most significant findings is evidence for a flattening in the radial GC number density profile in the outer halo. Intriguingly, this occurs at a galactocentric radius of ∼2° (∼30 kpc) which is the radius at which the underlying stellar halo surface density has also been shown to flatten. The GCs which lie beyond this radius are remarkably uniform in terms of their blue (V−I)0 colours, consistent with them belonging to an ancient population with little to no metallicity gradient. Structural parameters are also derived for a sample of 13 newly discovered extended clusters (ECs), and we find the lowest luminosity ECs have magnitudes and sizes similar to Palomar‐type GCs in the Milky Way halo. We argue that our findings provide strong support for a scenario in which a significant fraction of the outer halo GC population of M31 has been accreted.</div></front></TEI></ISTEX></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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