Nitrogen and plant population change radiation capture and utilization capacity of sunflower in semi-arid environment.
Identifieur interne : 000727 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000726; suivant : 000728Nitrogen and plant population change radiation capture and utilization capacity of sunflower in semi-arid environment.
Auteurs : Muhammad Awais [Pakistan] ; Aftab Wajid [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Usman Bashir [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza [Pakistan] ; Ashfaq Ahmad [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Farrukh Saleem [Pakistan] ; Hafiz Mohkum Hammad [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Mubeen [Pakistan] ; Umer Saeed [Pakistan] ; Muhammad Naveed Arshad [Pakistan] ; Shah Fahad [République populaire de Chine] ; Wajid Nasim [Pakistan]Source :
- Environmental science and pollution research international [ 1614-7499 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The combination of nitrogen and plant population expresses the spatial distribution of crop plants. The spatial distribution influences canopy structure and development, radiation capture, accumulated intercepted radiation (Sa), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and subsequently dry matter production. We hypothesized that the sunflower crop at higher plant populations and nitrogen (N) rates would achieve early canopy cover, capture more radiant energy, utilize radiation energy more efficiently, and ultimately increase economic yield. To investigate the above hypothesis, we examined the influences of leaf area index (LAI) at different plant populations (83,333, 66,666, and 55,555 plants ha(-1)) and N rates (90, 120, and 150 kg ha(-1)) on radiation interception (Fi), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulation (Sa), total dry matter (TDM), achene yield (AY), and RUE of sunflower. The experimental work was conducted during 2012 and 2013 on sandy loam soil in Punjab, Pakistan. The sunflower crop captured more than 96% of incident radiant energy (mean of all treatments), 98% with a higher plant population (83,333 plants ha(-1)), and 97% with higher N application (150 kg ha(-1)) at the fifth harvest (60 days after sowing) during both study years. The plant population of 83,333 plants ha(-1) with 150 kg N ha(-1) ominously promoted crop, RUE, and finally productivity of sunflower (AY and TDM). Sunflower canopy (LAI) showed a very close and strong association with Fi (R (2) = 0.99 in both years), PAR (R (2) = 0.74 and 0.79 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), TDM (R (2) = 0.97 in 2012 and 0.91 in 2013), AY (R (2) = 0.95 in both years), RUE for TDM (RUETDM) (R (2) = 0.63 and 0.71 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), and RUE for AY (RUEAY) (R (2) = 0.88 and 0.87 in 2012 and 2013, respectively). Similarly, AY (R (2) = 0.73 in 2012 and 0.79 in 2013) and TDM (R (2) = 0.75 in 2012 and 0.84 in 2013) indicated significant dependence on PAR accumulation of sunflower. High temperature during the flowering stage in 2013 shortened the crop maturity duration, which reduced the LAI, leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), TDM, AY, Fi, Sa, and RUE of sunflower. Our results clearly revealed that RUE was enhanced as plant population and N application rates were increased and biomass assimilation in semi-arid environments varied with radiation capture capacity of sunflower.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9308-7
PubMed: 28593549
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<author><name sortKey="Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad" sort="Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad" uniqKey="Habib Ur Rahman M" first="Muhammad" last="Habib-Ur-Rahman">Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Ashfaq" sort="Ahmad, Ashfaq" uniqKey="Ahmad A" first="Ashfaq" last="Ahmad">Ashfaq Ahmad</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saleem, Muhammad Farrukh" sort="Saleem, Muhammad Farrukh" uniqKey="Saleem M" first="Muhammad Farrukh" last="Saleem">Muhammad Farrukh Saleem</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Wajid, Aftab" sort="Wajid, Aftab" uniqKey="Wajid A" first="Aftab" last="Wajid">Aftab Wajid</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad" sort="Habib Ur Rahman, Muhammad" uniqKey="Habib Ur Rahman M" first="Muhammad" last="Habib-Ur-Rahman">Muhammad Habib-Ur-Rahman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Raza, Muhammad Aown Sammar" sort="Raza, Muhammad Aown Sammar" uniqKey="Raza M" first="Muhammad Aown Sammar" last="Raza">Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Ahmad, Ashfaq" sort="Ahmad, Ashfaq" uniqKey="Ahmad A" first="Ashfaq" last="Ahmad">Ashfaq Ahmad</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saleem, Muhammad Farrukh" sort="Saleem, Muhammad Farrukh" uniqKey="Saleem M" first="Muhammad Farrukh" last="Saleem">Muhammad Farrukh Saleem</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Pakistan</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum" sort="Hammad, Hafiz Mohkum" uniqKey="Hammad H" first="Hafiz Mohkum" last="Hammad">Hafiz Mohkum Hammad</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Mubeen, Muhammad" sort="Mubeen, Muhammad" uniqKey="Mubeen M" first="Muhammad" last="Mubeen">Muhammad Mubeen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Saeed, Umer" sort="Saeed, Umer" uniqKey="Saeed U" first="Umer" last="Saeed">Umer Saeed</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Arshad, Muhammad Naveed" sort="Arshad, Muhammad Naveed" uniqKey="Arshad M" first="Muhammad Naveed" last="Arshad">Muhammad Naveed Arshad</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The combination of nitrogen and plant population expresses the spatial distribution of crop plants. The spatial distribution influences canopy structure and development, radiation capture, accumulated intercepted radiation (Sa), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and subsequently dry matter production. We hypothesized that the sunflower crop at higher plant populations and nitrogen (N) rates would achieve early canopy cover, capture more radiant energy, utilize radiation energy more efficiently, and ultimately increase economic yield. To investigate the above hypothesis, we examined the influences of leaf area index (LAI) at different plant populations (83,333, 66,666, and 55,555 plants ha(-1)) and N rates (90, 120, and 150 kg ha(-1)) on radiation interception (Fi), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) accumulation (Sa), total dry matter (TDM), achene yield (AY), and RUE of sunflower. The experimental work was conducted during 2012 and 2013 on sandy loam soil in Punjab, Pakistan. The sunflower crop captured more than 96% of incident radiant energy (mean of all treatments), 98% with a higher plant population (83,333 plants ha(-1)), and 97% with higher N application (150 kg ha(-1)) at the fifth harvest (60 days after sowing) during both study years. The plant population of 83,333 plants ha(-1) with 150 kg N ha(-1) ominously promoted crop, RUE, and finally productivity of sunflower (AY and TDM). Sunflower canopy (LAI) showed a very close and strong association with Fi (R (2) = 0.99 in both years), PAR (R (2) = 0.74 and 0.79 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), TDM (R (2) = 0.97 in 2012 and 0.91 in 2013), AY (R (2) = 0.95 in both years), RUE for TDM (RUETDM) (R (2) = 0.63 and 0.71 in 2012 and 2013, respectively), and RUE for AY (RUEAY) (R (2) = 0.88 and 0.87 in 2012 and 2013, respectively). Similarly, AY (R (2) = 0.73 in 2012 and 0.79 in 2013) and TDM (R (2) = 0.75 in 2012 and 0.84 in 2013) indicated significant dependence on PAR accumulation of sunflower. High temperature during the flowering stage in 2013 shortened the crop maturity duration, which reduced the LAI, leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), TDM, AY, Fi, Sa, and RUE of sunflower. Our results clearly revealed that RUE was enhanced as plant population and N application rates were increased and biomass assimilation in semi-arid environments varied with radiation capture capacity of sunflower.</div>
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