Extensive volcaniclastic deposits at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge axis: results of deep‐water basaltic explosive volcanic activity?
Identifieur interne : 002877 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 002876; suivant : 002878Extensive volcaniclastic deposits at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge axis: results of deep‐water basaltic explosive volcanic activity?
Auteurs : Christian Fouquet [France] ; Christian Eissen [France] ; Christian Ondréas [France] ; Christian Barriga [Portugal] ; Christian Batiza [États-Unis] ; Christian Danyushevsky [Australie]Source :
- Terra Nova [ 0954-4879 ] ; 1998-09.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Açores.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Accidental lithic fragments, Atlantic lava lakes, Axial graben, Axial graben formation, Azores, Basaltic, Bedding planes, Blackwell science, Central neovolcanic cones, Central part, Clast, Critical point, Deposit, Disc volcanoclastic deposits, Earth planet, Ejecta, Eruption, First time, Fouquet, Glass fragments, Glassy clasts, Graben, Graben floor, Gwen, Hydrostatic pressure, Hydrothermal, Hydrothermal circulation, Individual layers, Juvenile magma, Lava, Lava flows, Lava lake, Lucky strike, Lucky strike segment, Macroscopic section, Magma, Magmatic, Magmatic volatiles, Maximum depth, Menez, Menez gwen, Menez gwen segment, Midatlantic ridge, Midocean ridge, Minimum depth, Minor elements, Nonvesicular glass fragments, Nova, Pelagic sediment, Plagioclase phenocrysts, Recent deposits, Reflectivity images, Ridge segments, Segment, Shard, Sharp nature, Sonar image, Steam explosivity, Steepest slopes, Submarine volcanism, Submersible, Submersible nautile, Submersible observations, Sumisu rift, Variable amounts, Vesicle, Vesicular, Vesicular clasts, Vesicular glasses, Volatile concentration, Volcanic, Volcanic activity, Volcanic ejecta, Volcaniclastic, Volcaniclastic deposits, Volcanism, Volcano, Volcanoclastic deposits, Volcanol, Water depth, Wohletz, Worm burrows.
- Teeft :
- Accidental lithic fragments, Atlantic lava lakes, Axial graben, Axial graben formation, Azores, Basaltic, Bedding planes, Blackwell science, Central neovolcanic cones, Central part, Clast, Critical point, Deposit, Disc volcanoclastic deposits, Earth planet, Ejecta, Eruption, First time, Fouquet, Glass fragments, Glassy clasts, Graben, Graben floor, Gwen, Hydrostatic pressure, Hydrothermal, Hydrothermal circulation, Individual layers, Juvenile magma, Lava, Lava flows, Lava lake, Lucky strike, Lucky strike segment, Macroscopic section, Magma, Magmatic, Magmatic volatiles, Maximum depth, Menez, Menez gwen, Menez gwen segment, Midatlantic ridge, Midocean ridge, Minimum depth, Minor elements, Nonvesicular glass fragments, Nova, Pelagic sediment, Plagioclase phenocrysts, Recent deposits, Reflectivity images, Ridge segments, Segment, Shard, Sharp nature, Sonar image, Steam explosivity, Steepest slopes, Submarine volcanism, Submersible, Submersible nautile, Submersible observations, Sumisu rift, Variable amounts, Vesicle, Vesicular, Vesicular clasts, Vesicular glasses, Volatile concentration, Volcanic, Volcanic activity, Volcanic ejecta, Volcaniclastic, Volcaniclastic deposits, Volcanism, Volcano, Volcanoclastic deposits, Volcanol, Water depth, Wohletz, Worm burrows.
Abstract
A recent mapping survey followed by submersible diving investigations revealed the existence of extensive volcaniclastic deposits on three adjoining, progressively deeper, segments of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, south‐west of the Azores. The maximum water depth at which subaqueous magmatic and hydro‐magmatic explosive processes can occur is controversial. This discovery provides fundamental constraints on the dynamics of deep subaqueous volcanic eruptions. Using multibeam bathymetry, sonar image interpretations, submersible observations, volcaniclastic sample descriptions and chemical analysis, evidence of extensive deep water (up to –1700 m) magmatic explosive activity of basalt at the axis of a spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridge is documented for the first time.
Url:
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.1998.00204.x
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<term>Atlantic lava lakes</term>
<term>Axial graben</term>
<term>Axial graben formation</term>
<term>Azores</term>
<term>Basaltic</term>
<term>Bedding planes</term>
<term>Blackwell science</term>
<term>Central neovolcanic cones</term>
<term>Central part</term>
<term>Clast</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Deposit</term>
<term>Disc volcanoclastic deposits</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Ejecta</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>First time</term>
<term>Fouquet</term>
<term>Glass fragments</term>
<term>Glassy clasts</term>
<term>Graben</term>
<term>Graben floor</term>
<term>Gwen</term>
<term>Hydrostatic pressure</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal circulation</term>
<term>Individual layers</term>
<term>Juvenile magma</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lava flows</term>
<term>Lava lake</term>
<term>Lucky strike</term>
<term>Lucky strike segment</term>
<term>Macroscopic section</term>
<term>Magma</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic volatiles</term>
<term>Maximum depth</term>
<term>Menez</term>
<term>Menez gwen</term>
<term>Menez gwen segment</term>
<term>Midatlantic ridge</term>
<term>Midocean ridge</term>
<term>Minimum depth</term>
<term>Minor elements</term>
<term>Nonvesicular glass fragments</term>
<term>Nova</term>
<term>Pelagic sediment</term>
<term>Plagioclase phenocrysts</term>
<term>Recent deposits</term>
<term>Reflectivity images</term>
<term>Ridge segments</term>
<term>Segment</term>
<term>Shard</term>
<term>Sharp nature</term>
<term>Sonar image</term>
<term>Steam explosivity</term>
<term>Steepest slopes</term>
<term>Submarine volcanism</term>
<term>Submersible</term>
<term>Submersible nautile</term>
<term>Submersible observations</term>
<term>Sumisu rift</term>
<term>Variable amounts</term>
<term>Vesicle</term>
<term>Vesicular</term>
<term>Vesicular clasts</term>
<term>Vesicular glasses</term>
<term>Volatile concentration</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic activity</term>
<term>Volcanic ejecta</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcanism</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Volcanoclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcanol</term>
<term>Water depth</term>
<term>Wohletz</term>
<term>Worm burrows</term>
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<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Accidental lithic fragments</term>
<term>Atlantic lava lakes</term>
<term>Axial graben</term>
<term>Axial graben formation</term>
<term>Azores</term>
<term>Basaltic</term>
<term>Bedding planes</term>
<term>Blackwell science</term>
<term>Central neovolcanic cones</term>
<term>Central part</term>
<term>Clast</term>
<term>Critical point</term>
<term>Deposit</term>
<term>Disc volcanoclastic deposits</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Ejecta</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>First time</term>
<term>Fouquet</term>
<term>Glass fragments</term>
<term>Glassy clasts</term>
<term>Graben</term>
<term>Graben floor</term>
<term>Gwen</term>
<term>Hydrostatic pressure</term>
<term>Hydrothermal</term>
<term>Hydrothermal circulation</term>
<term>Individual layers</term>
<term>Juvenile magma</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lava flows</term>
<term>Lava lake</term>
<term>Lucky strike</term>
<term>Lucky strike segment</term>
<term>Macroscopic section</term>
<term>Magma</term>
<term>Magmatic</term>
<term>Magmatic volatiles</term>
<term>Maximum depth</term>
<term>Menez</term>
<term>Menez gwen</term>
<term>Menez gwen segment</term>
<term>Midatlantic ridge</term>
<term>Midocean ridge</term>
<term>Minimum depth</term>
<term>Minor elements</term>
<term>Nonvesicular glass fragments</term>
<term>Nova</term>
<term>Pelagic sediment</term>
<term>Plagioclase phenocrysts</term>
<term>Recent deposits</term>
<term>Reflectivity images</term>
<term>Ridge segments</term>
<term>Segment</term>
<term>Shard</term>
<term>Sharp nature</term>
<term>Sonar image</term>
<term>Steam explosivity</term>
<term>Steepest slopes</term>
<term>Submarine volcanism</term>
<term>Submersible</term>
<term>Submersible nautile</term>
<term>Submersible observations</term>
<term>Sumisu rift</term>
<term>Variable amounts</term>
<term>Vesicle</term>
<term>Vesicular</term>
<term>Vesicular clasts</term>
<term>Vesicular glasses</term>
<term>Volatile concentration</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic activity</term>
<term>Volcanic ejecta</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcanism</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Volcanoclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcanol</term>
<term>Water depth</term>
<term>Wohletz</term>
<term>Worm burrows</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A recent mapping survey followed by submersible diving investigations revealed the existence of extensive volcaniclastic deposits on three adjoining, progressively deeper, segments of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, south‐west of the Azores. The maximum water depth at which subaqueous magmatic and hydro‐magmatic explosive processes can occur is controversial. This discovery provides fundamental constraints on the dynamics of deep subaqueous volcanic eruptions. Using multibeam bathymetry, sonar image interpretations, submersible observations, volcaniclastic sample descriptions and chemical analysis, evidence of extensive deep water (up to –1700 m) magmatic explosive activity of basalt at the axis of a spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridge is documented for the first time.</div>
</front>
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