Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally
Identifieur interne : 001B87 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 001B86; suivant : 001B88Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally
Auteurs : Colin J. Sutherland [Royaume-Uni] ; Naowarat Tanomsing ; Debbie Nolder ; Mary Oguike ; Charlie Jennison ; Sasithon Pukrittayakamee ; Christiane Dolecek [Viêt Nam] ; Tran Tinh Hien [Viêt Nam] ; Virgilio E. Do Rosário [Portugal] ; Ana Paula Arez [Portugal] ; João Pinto [Portugal] ; Pascal Michon [Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée] ; Ananias A. Escalante [États-Unis] ; Francois Nosten [Royaume-Uni, Thaïlande] ; Martina Burke ; Rogan Lee [Australie] ; Marie Blaze ; Thomas Dan Otto [Royaume-Uni] ; John W. Barnwell [États-Unis] ; Arnab Pain [Royaume-Uni] ; John Williams ; Nicholas J. White [Royaume-Uni] ; Nicholas P. J. Day [Royaume-Uni] ; Georges Snounou [France, Singapour] ; Peter J. Lockhart [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Peter L. Chiodini [Royaume-Uni] ; Mallika Imwong ; Spencer D. Polley [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- The Journal of Infectious Diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2010-05-15.
Abstract
Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, São Tomé, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated.
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DOI: 10.1086/652240
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Naowarat Tanomsing<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Royal Institute, Bangkok</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bangkok</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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Sutherland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: colin.sutherland@lshtm.ac.uk</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Colin Sutherland, Immunology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Reprints or correspondence: Colin Sutherland, Immunology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: colin.sutherland@lshtm.ac.uk</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanomsing, Naowarat" sort="Tanomsing, Naowarat" uniqKey="Tanomsing N" first="Naowarat" last="Tanomsing">Naowarat Tanomsing</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolder, Debbie" sort="Nolder, Debbie" uniqKey="Nolder D" first="Debbie" last="Nolder">Debbie Nolder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oguike, Mary" sort="Oguike, Mary" uniqKey="Oguike M" first="Mary" last="Oguike">Mary Oguike</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jennison, Charlie" sort="Jennison, Charlie" uniqKey="Jennison C" first="Charlie" last="Jennison">Charlie Jennison</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" sort="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" uniqKey="Pukrittayakamee S" first="Sasithon" last="Pukrittayakamee">Sasithon Pukrittayakamee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Royal Institute, Bangkok</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bangkok</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolecek, Christiane" sort="Dolecek, Christiane" uniqKey="Dolecek C" first="Christiane" last="Dolecek">Christiane Dolecek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hien, Tran Tinh" sort="Hien, Tran Tinh" uniqKey="Hien T" first="Tran Tinh" last="Hien">Tran Tinh Hien</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" sort="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" uniqKey="Do Rosario V" first="Virgilio E." last="Do Rosário">Virgilio E. Do Rosário</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arez, Ana Paula" sort="Arez, Ana Paula" uniqKey="Arez A" first="Ana Paula" last="Arez">Ana Paula Arez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto, Joao" sort="Pinto, Joao" uniqKey="Pinto J" first="João" last="Pinto">João Pinto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michon, Pascal" sort="Michon, Pascal" uniqKey="Michon P" first="Pascal" last="Michon">Pascal Michon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Escalante, Ananias A" sort="Escalante, Ananias A" uniqKey="Escalante A" first="Ananias A." last="Escalante">Ananias A. Escalante</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Martina" sort="Burke, Martina" uniqKey="Burke M" first="Martina" last="Burke">Martina Burke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Rogan" sort="Lee, Rogan" uniqKey="Lee R" first="Rogan" last="Lee">Rogan Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Westmead Hospital, Sydney</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaze, Marie" sort="Blaze, Marie" uniqKey="Blaze M" first="Marie" last="Blaze">Marie Blaze</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otto, Thomas Dan" sort="Otto, Thomas Dan" uniqKey="Otto T" first="Thomas Dan" last="Otto">Thomas Dan Otto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnwell, John W" sort="Barnwell, John W" uniqKey="Barnwell J" first="John W." last="Barnwell">John W. Barnwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pain, Arnab" sort="Pain, Arnab" uniqKey="Pain A" first="Arnab" last="Pain">Arnab Pain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, John" sort="Williams, John" uniqKey="Williams J" first="John" last="Williams">John Williams</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">S945</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lockhart, Peter J" sort="Lockhart, Peter J" uniqKey="Lockhart P" first="Peter J." last="Lockhart">Peter J. Lockhart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imwong, Mallika" sort="Imwong, Mallika" uniqKey="Imwong M" first="Mallika" last="Imwong">Mallika Imwong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, Spencer D" sort="Polley, Spencer D" uniqKey="Polley S" first="Spencer D." last="Polley">Spencer D. Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:934AE9AC3FE9987720CDD21CD1D7141C54A6538D</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1086/652240</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/934AE9AC3FE9987720CDD21CD1D7141C54A6538D/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B87</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001B87</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">001B87</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Two Nonrecombining Sympatric Forms of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium ovale Occur Globally</title><author><name sortKey="Sutherland, Colin J" sort="Sutherland, Colin J" uniqKey="Sutherland C" first="Colin J." last="Sutherland">Colin J. Sutherland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: colin.sutherland@lshtm.ac.uk</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Reprints or correspondence: Colin Sutherland, Immunology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Reprints or correspondence: Colin Sutherland, Immunology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: colin.sutherland@lshtm.ac.uk</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanomsing, Naowarat" sort="Tanomsing, Naowarat" uniqKey="Tanomsing N" first="Naowarat" last="Tanomsing">Naowarat Tanomsing</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nolder, Debbie" sort="Nolder, Debbie" uniqKey="Nolder D" first="Debbie" last="Nolder">Debbie Nolder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oguike, Mary" sort="Oguike, Mary" uniqKey="Oguike M" first="Mary" last="Oguike">Mary Oguike</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jennison, Charlie" sort="Jennison, Charlie" uniqKey="Jennison C" first="Charlie" last="Jennison">Charlie Jennison</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" sort="Pukrittayakamee, Sasithon" uniqKey="Pukrittayakamee S" first="Sasithon" last="Pukrittayakamee">Sasithon Pukrittayakamee</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Royal Institute, Bangkok</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Bangkok</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolecek, Christiane" sort="Dolecek, Christiane" uniqKey="Dolecek C" first="Christiane" last="Dolecek">Christiane Dolecek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hien, Tran Tinh" sort="Hien, Tran Tinh" uniqKey="Hien T" first="Tran Tinh" last="Hien">Tran Tinh Hien</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Viêt Nam</country><wicri:regionArea>Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" sort="Do Rosario, Virgilio E" uniqKey="Do Rosario V" first="Virgilio E." last="Do Rosário">Virgilio E. Do Rosário</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arez, Ana Paula" sort="Arez, Ana Paula" uniqKey="Arez A" first="Ana Paula" last="Arez">Ana Paula Arez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinto, Joao" sort="Pinto, Joao" uniqKey="Pinto J" first="João" last="Pinto">João Pinto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country><wicri:regionArea>Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michon, Pascal" sort="Michon, Pascal" uniqKey="Michon P" first="Pascal" last="Michon">Pascal Michon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</country><wicri:regionArea>Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Escalante, Ananias A" sort="Escalante, Ananias A" uniqKey="Escalante A" first="Ananias A." last="Escalante">Ananias A. Escalante</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Arizona</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nosten, Francois" sort="Nosten, Francois" uniqKey="Nosten F" first="Francois" last="Nosten">Francois Nosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea>Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burke, Martina" sort="Burke, Martina" uniqKey="Burke M" first="Martina" last="Burke">Martina Burke</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Rogan" sort="Lee, Rogan" uniqKey="Lee R" first="Rogan" last="Lee">Rogan Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Westmead Hospital, Sydney</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blaze, Marie" sort="Blaze, Marie" uniqKey="Blaze M" first="Marie" last="Blaze">Marie Blaze</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Otto, Thomas Dan" sort="Otto, Thomas Dan" uniqKey="Otto T" first="Thomas Dan" last="Otto">Thomas Dan Otto</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barnwell, John W" sort="Barnwell, John W" uniqKey="Barnwell J" first="John W." last="Barnwell">John W. Barnwell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pain, Arnab" sort="Pain, Arnab" uniqKey="Pain A" first="Arnab" last="Pain">Arnab Pain</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sanger Genome Centre, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, John" sort="Williams, John" uniqKey="Williams J" first="John" last="Williams">John Williams</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">Medicine</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Nicholas J" sort="White, Nicholas J" uniqKey="White N" first="Nicholas J." last="White">Nicholas J. White</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Day, Nicholas P J" sort="Day, Nicholas P J" uniqKey="Day N" first="Nicholas P. J." last="Day">Nicholas P. J. Day</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="comté" nuts="2">Oxfordshire</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Snounou, Georges" sort="Snounou, Georges" uniqKey="Snounou G" first="Georges" last="Snounou">Georges Snounou</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S945</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de Médecine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lockhart, Peter J" sort="Lockhart, Peter J" uniqKey="Lockhart P" first="Peter J." last="Lockhart">Peter J. Lockhart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Alan Wilson Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiodini, Peter L" sort="Chiodini, Peter L" uniqKey="Chiodini P" first="Peter L." last="Chiodini">Peter L. Chiodini</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Health Protection Agency Malaria Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Imwong, Mallika" sort="Imwong, Mallika" uniqKey="Imwong M" first="Mallika" last="Imwong">Mallika Imwong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University</mods:affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="subField">University</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Polley, Spencer D" sort="Polley, Spencer D" uniqKey="Polley S" first="Spencer D." last="Polley">Spencer D. Polley</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><mods:affiliation>Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London</mods:affiliation><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Hospital for Tropical Diseases</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">The Journal of Infectious Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6613</idno><imprint><publisher>The University of Chicago Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-05-15">2010-05-15</date><biblScope unit="volume">201</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1544">1544</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1550">1550</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background. Malaria in humans is caused by apicomplexan parasites belonging to 5 species of the genus Plasmodium. Infections with Plasmodium ovale are widely distributed but rarely investigated, and the resulting burden of disease is not known. Dimorphism in defined genes has led to P. ovale parasites being divided into classic and variant types. We hypothesized that these dimorphs represent distinct parasite species. Methods. Multilocus sequence analysis of 6 genetic characters was carried out among 55 isolates from 12 African and 3 Asia-Pacific countries. Results. Each genetic character displayed complete dimorphism and segregated perfectly between the 2 types. Both types were identified in samples from Ghana, Nigeria, São Tomé, Sierra Leone, and Uganda and have been described previously in Myanmar. Splitting of the 2 lineages is estimated to have occurred between 1.0 and 3.5 million years ago in hominid hosts. Conclusions. We propose that P. ovale comprises 2 nonrecombining species that are sympatric in Africa and Asia. We speculate on possible scenarios that could have led to this speciation. Furthermore, the relatively high frequency of imported cases of symptomatic P. ovale infection in the United Kingdom suggests that the morbidity caused by ovale malaria has been underestimated.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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