Evolution of the glacial landscape of the Southern Alps of New Zealand: Insights from a glacial erosion model
Identifieur interne : 001304 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 001303; suivant : 001305Evolution of the glacial landscape of the Southern Alps of New Zealand: Insights from a glacial erosion model
Auteurs : Frédéric Herman [Suisse, Australie, États-Unis] ; Jean Braun [France]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2008-06.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : érosion.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Accumulation area, Advection, Alpine, Alpine fault, Alps, Basal, Bedrock, Braun, Catchment, Central part, Climate changes, Climatic, Coarse grid, Digital elevation model, Drainage network, Eastern side, Elevation, Epica community members, Erosion, Erosion patterns, Erosion rate, Erosion rates, Erosional, Field observations, First cycle, Fluvial, Fluvial erosion, Fluvial incision, Fluvial transport, Franz josef, Geol, Geophys, Glacial, Glacial cycle, Glacial debris, Glacial erosion, Glacial erosion patterns, Glacial erosion rates, Glacial landscape, Glacial processes, Glacial retreat, Glaciated, Glaciated landscapes, Glaciation, Glacier, Glaciol, Godley valley, Grid, Hallet, Hillslope, Hillslope erosion, Hillslope processes, Hillslopes, Horizontal advection, Incision, Interglacial, Interglacial periods, Landform, Large valleys, Level temperature, Longitudinal, Longitudinal profile, Main valleys, Maximum rock uplift, Maximum rock uplift rate, Model predictions, Modeling, Modeling approach, Modeling results, Mountain belt, Mountain range, Northwestern side, Orogen, Orographic effect, Overdeepened regions, Parameter values, Periglacial processes, Precipitation, Reference experiment, Rock uplift, Rock uplift rate, Southeastern side, Southern alps, Steady state, Suggate, Surface temperature, Tectonic, Tectonic model, Tectonic models, Tectonic rock uplift, Time step, Timescale, Tomkin, Topographic, Topography, Uplift, Upper parts, West coast, Western side, Whataroa, Whataroa river, Willett, Zealand.
- Teeft :
- Accumulation area, Advection, Alpine, Alpine fault, Alps, Basal, Bedrock, Braun, Catchment, Central part, Climate changes, Climatic, Coarse grid, Digital elevation model, Drainage network, Eastern side, Elevation, Epica community members, Erosion, Erosion patterns, Erosion rate, Erosion rates, Erosional, Field observations, First cycle, Fluvial, Fluvial erosion, Fluvial incision, Fluvial transport, Franz josef, Geol, Geophys, Glacial, Glacial cycle, Glacial debris, Glacial erosion, Glacial erosion patterns, Glacial erosion rates, Glacial landscape, Glacial processes, Glacial retreat, Glaciated, Glaciated landscapes, Glaciation, Glacier, Glaciol, Godley valley, Grid, Hallet, Hillslope, Hillslope erosion, Hillslope processes, Hillslopes, Horizontal advection, Incision, Interglacial, Interglacial periods, Landform, Large valleys, Level temperature, Longitudinal, Longitudinal profile, Main valleys, Maximum rock uplift, Maximum rock uplift rate, Model predictions, Modeling, Modeling approach, Modeling results, Mountain belt, Mountain range, Northwestern side, Orogen, Orographic effect, Overdeepened regions, Parameter values, Periglacial processes, Precipitation, Reference experiment, Rock uplift, Rock uplift rate, Southeastern side, Southern alps, Steady state, Suggate, Surface temperature, Tectonic, Tectonic model, Tectonic models, Tectonic rock uplift, Time step, Timescale, Tomkin, Topographic, Topography, Uplift, Upper parts, West coast, Western side, Whataroa, Whataroa river, Willett, Zealand.
Abstract
A new version of a landscape evolution model that includes the evolution of an ice cap at a 103 to 105 year timescale and its associated erosion patterns is presented and applied to the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Modeling of the ice cap evolution is performed on a higher‐resolution grid (i.e., ∼100 m) than previously (Braun et al., 1998). It predicts which parts of the landscape are, and have been, affected by glacial erosion. The model results highlight the complexity of the erosion patterns induced by ice caps and glaciers. Glacial erosion in a tectonically active area is, as suggested by the model, not uniform across the mountain range. Furthermore, high rock uplift rates, heavy precipitation, and climatic oscillations constantly interact. The feedback mechanisms are such that they render the landform very dynamic and transient. However, under conditions of reduced rock uplift rate and precipitation, the landform becomes more stable at the timescale of the glacial cycle. Finally, the modeling results favor a tectonic model in the Southern Alps in which the maximum rock uplift is offset from the Alpine Fault.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2007JF000807
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USA</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Geological and Planetary Science Division, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Geologisches Institut, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Geologisches Institut, ETH Zurich, Zurich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: frederic@erdw.ethz.ch</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Suisse</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braun, Jean" sort="Braun, Jean" uniqKey="Braun J" first="Jean" last="Braun">Jean Braun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, 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Zurich</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>E-mail: frederic@erdw.ethz.ch</mods:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Suisse</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Braun, Jean" sort="Braun, Jean" uniqKey="Braun J" first="Jean" last="Braun">Jean Braun</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><mods:affiliation>Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France</mods:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Géosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: EARTH SURFACE</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">113</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">F2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">24</biblScope><date type="published" when="2008-06">2008-06</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Accumulation area</term><term>Advection</term><term>Alpine</term><term>Alpine fault</term><term>Alps</term><term>Basal</term><term>Bedrock</term><term>Braun</term><term>Catchment</term><term>Central part</term><term>Climate changes</term><term>Climatic</term><term>Coarse grid</term><term>Digital elevation model</term><term>Drainage network</term><term>Eastern side</term><term>Elevation</term><term>Epica community members</term><term>Erosion</term><term>Erosion patterns</term><term>Erosion rate</term><term>Erosion rates</term><term>Erosional</term><term>Field observations</term><term>First cycle</term><term>Fluvial</term><term>Fluvial erosion</term><term>Fluvial incision</term><term>Fluvial transport</term><term>Franz josef</term><term>Geol</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Glacial</term><term>Glacial cycle</term><term>Glacial debris</term><term>Glacial erosion</term><term>Glacial erosion patterns</term><term>Glacial erosion rates</term><term>Glacial landscape</term><term>Glacial processes</term><term>Glacial retreat</term><term>Glaciated</term><term>Glaciated landscapes</term><term>Glaciation</term><term>Glacier</term><term>Glaciol</term><term>Godley valley</term><term>Grid</term><term>Hallet</term><term>Hillslope</term><term>Hillslope erosion</term><term>Hillslope processes</term><term>Hillslopes</term><term>Horizontal advection</term><term>Incision</term><term>Interglacial</term><term>Interglacial periods</term><term>Landform</term><term>Large valleys</term><term>Level temperature</term><term>Longitudinal</term><term>Longitudinal profile</term><term>Main valleys</term><term>Maximum rock uplift</term><term>Maximum rock uplift rate</term><term>Model predictions</term><term>Modeling</term><term>Modeling approach</term><term>Modeling results</term><term>Mountain belt</term><term>Mountain range</term><term>Northwestern side</term><term>Orogen</term><term>Orographic effect</term><term>Overdeepened regions</term><term>Parameter values</term><term>Periglacial processes</term><term>Precipitation</term><term>Reference experiment</term><term>Rock uplift</term><term>Rock uplift rate</term><term>Southeastern side</term><term>Southern alps</term><term>Steady state</term><term>Suggate</term><term>Surface temperature</term><term>Tectonic</term><term>Tectonic model</term><term>Tectonic models</term><term>Tectonic rock uplift</term><term>Time step</term><term>Timescale</term><term>Tomkin</term><term>Topographic</term><term>Topography</term><term>Uplift</term><term>Upper parts</term><term>West coast</term><term>Western side</term><term>Whataroa</term><term>Whataroa river</term><term>Willett</term><term>Zealand</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Accumulation area</term><term>Advection</term><term>Alpine</term><term>Alpine fault</term><term>Alps</term><term>Basal</term><term>Bedrock</term><term>Braun</term><term>Catchment</term><term>Central part</term><term>Climate changes</term><term>Climatic</term><term>Coarse grid</term><term>Digital elevation model</term><term>Drainage network</term><term>Eastern side</term><term>Elevation</term><term>Epica community members</term><term>Erosion</term><term>Erosion patterns</term><term>Erosion rate</term><term>Erosion rates</term><term>Erosional</term><term>Field observations</term><term>First cycle</term><term>Fluvial</term><term>Fluvial erosion</term><term>Fluvial incision</term><term>Fluvial transport</term><term>Franz josef</term><term>Geol</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Glacial</term><term>Glacial cycle</term><term>Glacial debris</term><term>Glacial erosion</term><term>Glacial erosion patterns</term><term>Glacial erosion rates</term><term>Glacial landscape</term><term>Glacial processes</term><term>Glacial retreat</term><term>Glaciated</term><term>Glaciated landscapes</term><term>Glaciation</term><term>Glacier</term><term>Glaciol</term><term>Godley valley</term><term>Grid</term><term>Hallet</term><term>Hillslope</term><term>Hillslope erosion</term><term>Hillslope processes</term><term>Hillslopes</term><term>Horizontal advection</term><term>Incision</term><term>Interglacial</term><term>Interglacial periods</term><term>Landform</term><term>Large valleys</term><term>Level temperature</term><term>Longitudinal</term><term>Longitudinal profile</term><term>Main valleys</term><term>Maximum rock uplift</term><term>Maximum rock uplift rate</term><term>Model predictions</term><term>Modeling</term><term>Modeling approach</term><term>Modeling results</term><term>Mountain belt</term><term>Mountain range</term><term>Northwestern side</term><term>Orogen</term><term>Orographic effect</term><term>Overdeepened regions</term><term>Parameter values</term><term>Periglacial processes</term><term>Precipitation</term><term>Reference experiment</term><term>Rock uplift</term><term>Rock uplift rate</term><term>Southeastern side</term><term>Southern alps</term><term>Steady state</term><term>Suggate</term><term>Surface temperature</term><term>Tectonic</term><term>Tectonic model</term><term>Tectonic models</term><term>Tectonic rock uplift</term><term>Time step</term><term>Timescale</term><term>Tomkin</term><term>Topographic</term><term>Topography</term><term>Uplift</term><term>Upper parts</term><term>West coast</term><term>Western side</term><term>Whataroa</term><term>Whataroa river</term><term>Willett</term><term>Zealand</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>érosion</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A new version of a landscape evolution model that includes the evolution of an ice cap at a 103 to 105 year timescale and its associated erosion patterns is presented and applied to the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Modeling of the ice cap evolution is performed on a higher‐resolution grid (i.e., ∼100 m) than previously (Braun et al., 1998). It predicts which parts of the landscape are, and have been, affected by glacial erosion. The model results highlight the complexity of the erosion patterns induced by ice caps and glaciers. Glacial erosion in a tectonically active area is, as suggested by the model, not uniform across the mountain range. Furthermore, high rock uplift rates, heavy precipitation, and climatic oscillations constantly interact. The feedback mechanisms are such that they render the landform very dynamic and transient. However, under conditions of reduced rock uplift rate and precipitation, the landform becomes more stable at the timescale of the glacial cycle. Finally, the modeling results favor a tectonic model in the Southern Alps in which the maximum rock uplift is offset from the Alpine Fault.</div></front></TEI></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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