Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography
Identifieur interne : 003058 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003057; suivant : 003059Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography
Auteurs : L. Lacourpaille ; A. Nordez ; F. Hug ; A. Couturier ; C. Dibie ; G. GuilhemSource :
- Acta Physiologica [ 1748-1708 ] ; 2014-05.
Abstract
Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.
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DOI: 10.1111/apha.12272
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Hug</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Brisbane, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Couturier, A" sort="Couturier, A" uniqKey="Couturier A" first="A." last="Couturier">A. Couturier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dibie, C" sort="Dibie, C" uniqKey="Dibie C" first="C." last="Dibie">C. Dibie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guilhem, G" sort="Guilhem, G" uniqKey="Guilhem G" first="G." last="Guilhem">G. Guilhem</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.E‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: gael.guilhem@insep.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:33E1CB38147DEF7D8D7509EA8C24749B5C7D1B8F</idno><date when="2014" year="2014">2014</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/apha.12272</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/33E1CB38147DEF7D8D7509EA8C24749B5C7D1B8F/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">003058</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">003058</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography</title><author><name sortKey="Lacourpaille, L" sort="Lacourpaille, L" uniqKey="Lacourpaille L" first="L." last="Lacourpaille">L. Lacourpaille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nordez, A" sort="Nordez, A" uniqKey="Nordez A" first="A." last="Nordez">A. Nordez</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hug, F" sort="Hug, F" uniqKey="Hug F" first="F." last="Hug">F. Hug</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Brisbane, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Couturier, A" sort="Couturier, A" uniqKey="Couturier A" first="A." last="Couturier">A. Couturier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dibie, C" sort="Dibie, C" uniqKey="Dibie C" first="C." last="Dibie">C. Dibie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guilhem, G" sort="Guilhem, G" uniqKey="Guilhem G" first="G." last="Guilhem">G. Guilhem</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.E‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: gael.guilhem@insep.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Acta Physiologica</title><title level="j" type="alt">ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA</title><idno type="ISSN">1748-1708</idno><idno type="eISSN">1748-1716</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">211</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="135">135</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="146">146</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">12</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-05">2014-05</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1748-1708</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1748-1708</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>L. Lacourpaille</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Nordez</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. Hug</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</json:string><json:string>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Brisbane, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Couturier</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Dibie</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Guilhem</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</json:string><json:string>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.E‐mail:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: gael.guilhem@insep.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>eccentric contractions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hysteresis area</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>oedema</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>passive tension</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>supersonic shear imaging</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>APHA12272</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-K1S23K12-C</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. 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Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2014-05"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Lacourpaille</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334)</orgName><orgName>UFR STAPS</orgName><orgName>University of Nantes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Nordez</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334)</orgName><orgName>UFR STAPS</orgName><orgName>University of Nantes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">F.</forename><surname>Hug</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334)</orgName><orgName>UFR STAPS</orgName><orgName>University of Nantes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health</orgName><orgName>School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences</orgName><orgName>The University of Queensland</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Brisbane</settlement><region>Qld</region><country key="AU">Australia</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Couturier</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance</orgName><orgName>Research and Medical Departments</orgName><orgName>French National Institute of Sport (INSEP)</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Dibie</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance</orgName><orgName>Research and Medical Departments</orgName><orgName>French National Institute of Sport (INSEP)</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Guilhem</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance</orgName><orgName>Research and Medical Departments</orgName><orgName>French National Institute of Sport (INSEP)</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France. E‐mail: gael.guilhem@insep.fr</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">33E1CB38147DEF7D8D7509EA8C24749B5C7D1B8F</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-K1S23K12-C</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/apha.12272</idno><idno type="unit">APHA12272</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:APHA.APHA12272.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Acta Physiologica</title><title level="j" type="alt">ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA</title><idno type="pISSN">1748-1708</idno><idno type="eISSN">1748-1716</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1748-1716</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/apha.2014.211.issue-1</idno><idno type="product">APHA</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">211</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="135">135</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="146">146</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">12</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-05"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="apha12272-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head>
Aim
<p>Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.</p>
Methods
<p>Shear elastic modulus and transverse relaxation time (<hi rend="italic">T</hi><hi rend="subscript">2</hi>) were measured in the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles of sixteen participants, before, 1 h, 48 h and 21 days after three sets of ten maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions performed at 120° s<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>.</p>
Results
<p>The shear elastic modulus of the elbow flexors significantly increased 1 h (+46%; <hi rend="italic">P </hi>=<hi rend="italic"> </hi>0.005), with no significant change at 48 h and 21D, post‐exercise. In contrast, <hi rend="italic">T</hi><hi rend="subscript">2</hi> was not modified at 1 h but significantly increased at 48 h (+15%; <hi rend="italic">P </hi><<hi rend="italic"> </hi>0.05). The increase in shear elastic modulus was more pronounced at long muscle lengths and reached a similar extent in the different regions of the elbow flexors. The normalized hysteresis area of shear elastic modulus–length relationship for the biceps brachii increased 1 h post‐exercise (31%) in comparison with the pre‐exercise value (18%), but was not significantly altered after five stretching cycles (<hi rend="italic">P </hi>=<hi rend="italic"> </hi>0.63).</p>
Conclusion
<p>Our results show homogeneous changes in muscle shear elastic modulus within and between elbow flexors. The greater increase in shear elastic modulus observed at long muscle lengths suggests the putative involvement of both cross‐bridges number and titin in the modifications of muscle shear elastic modulus after damaging exercise.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0001">eccentric contractions</term><term xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0002">hysteresis area</term><term xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0003">oedema</term><term xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0004">passive tension</term><term xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0005">supersonic shear imaging</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>EXERCISE</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="apha12272" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1748-1716</doi><issn type="print">1748-1708</issn><issn type="electronic">1748-1716</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="APHA"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA" type="main">Acta Physiologica</title><title type="short">Acta Physiol</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/apha.2014.211.issue-1</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2014 Scandinavian Physiological Society</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="211">211</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2014-05">May 2014</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="170" status="forIssue" type="article"><doi>10.1111/apha.12272</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="APHA12272"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="12" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">EXERCISE</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="joint">© 2014 Scandinavian Physiological Society. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2013-07-20" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2013-10-15" type="manuscriptRevised"></event><event date="2014-02-25" type="manuscriptRevised"></event><event date="2014-03-03" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2014-03-12" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2014-03-07"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2014-04-02"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2014-04-02"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2014-04-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-07"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">135</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">146</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.</line><line>E‐mail: <email>gael.guilhem@insep.fr</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:APHA.APHA12272.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography</title><title type="shortAuthors">L Lacourpaille <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>L.</givenNames> <familyName>Lacourpaille</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>Nordez</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0001 #apha12272-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>F.</givenNames> <familyName>Hug</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames> <familyName>Couturier</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>C.</givenNames> <familyName>Dibie</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#apha12272-aff-0003" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="apha12272-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>G.</givenNames> <familyName>Guilhem</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="apha12272-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334)</orgDiv> <orgName>UFR STAPS</orgName> <orgName>University of Nantes</orgName> <address><city>Nantes</city> <country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="AU" type="organization" xml:id="apha12272-aff-0002"><orgName>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health</orgName> <orgName>School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences</orgName> <orgName>The University of Queensland</orgName> <address><city>Brisbane</city> <countryPart>Qld</countryPart><country>Australia</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="apha12272-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Research and Medical Departments</orgDiv> <orgName>French National Institute of Sport (INSEP)</orgName> <address><city>Paris</city> <country>France</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0001">eccentric contractions</keyword><keyword xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0002">hysteresis area</keyword><keyword xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0003">oedema</keyword><keyword xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0004">passive tension</keyword><keyword xml:id="apha12272-kwd-0005">supersonic shear imaging</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>French Ministry of Sports</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>07‐006</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>European Regional Development Fund</fundingAgency><fundingNumber> 37400</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>French Muscular Dystrophy Association</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>14084</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Region des Pays de la Loire</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="apha12272-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="apha12272-sec-0001"><title type="main">Aim</title><p>Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.</p></section><section xml:id="apha12272-sec-0002"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>Shear elastic modulus and transverse relaxation time (<i>T</i><sub>2</sub>) were measured in the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles of sixteen participants, before, 1 h, 48 h and 21 days after three sets of ten maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions performed at 120° s<sup>−1</sup>.</p></section><section xml:id="apha12272-sec-0003"><title type="main">Results</title><p>The shear elastic modulus of the elbow flexors significantly increased 1 h (+46%; <i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.005), with no significant change at 48 h and 21D, post‐exercise. In contrast, <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> was not modified at 1 h but significantly increased at 48 h (+15%; <i>P </i><<i> </i>0.05). The increase in shear elastic modulus was more pronounced at long muscle lengths and reached a similar extent in the different regions of the elbow flexors. The normalized hysteresis area of shear elastic modulus–length relationship for the biceps brachii increased 1 h post‐exercise (31%) in comparison with the pre‐exercise value (18%), but was not significantly altered after five stretching cycles (<i>P </i>=<i> </i>0.63).</p></section><section xml:id="apha12272-sec-0004"><title type="main">Conclusion</title><p>Our results show homogeneous changes in muscle shear elastic modulus within and between elbow flexors. The greater increase in shear elastic modulus observed at long muscle lengths suggests the putative involvement of both cross‐bridges number and titin in the modifications of muscle shear elastic modulus after damaging exercise.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Time‐course effect of exercise‐induced muscle damage on localized muscle mechanical properties assessed using elastography</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lacourpaille</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nordez</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hug</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory ‘Motricité, Interactions, Performance’ (EA 4334), UFR STAPS, University of Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation><affiliation>NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Brisbane, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Couturier</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dibie</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Guilhem</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Perfomance, Research and Medical Departments, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence: G. Guilhem, PhD, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, Research Department, French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), 11, avenue du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France.E‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: gael.guilhem@insep.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-05</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2014-03-12</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2013-07-20</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2014-03-03</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Changes in muscle stiffness after exercise‐induced muscle damage have been classically inferred from passive torque–angle curves. Elastographic techniques can be used to estimate the shear modulus of a localized muscular area. This study aimed to quantify the changes in shear elastic modulus in different regions of the elbow flexors after eccentric exercise and their relation to muscle length.</abstract><abstract>Shear elastic modulus and transverse relaxation time (T2) were measured in the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles of sixteen participants, before, 1 h, 48 h and 21 days after three sets of ten maximal isokinetic eccentric contractions performed at 120° s−1.</abstract><abstract>The shear elastic modulus of the elbow flexors significantly increased 1 h (+46%; P = 0.005), with no significant change at 48 h and 21D, post‐exercise. In contrast, T2 was not modified at 1 h but significantly increased at 48 h (+15%; P < 0.05). The increase in shear elastic modulus was more pronounced at long muscle lengths and reached a similar extent in the different regions of the elbow flexors. The normalized hysteresis area of shear elastic modulus–length relationship for the biceps brachii increased 1 h post‐exercise (31%) in comparison with the pre‐exercise value (18%), but was not significantly altered after five stretching cycles (P = 0.63).</abstract><abstract>Our results show homogeneous changes in muscle shear elastic modulus within and between elbow flexors. The greater increase in shear elastic modulus observed at long muscle lengths suggests the putative involvement of both cross‐bridges number and titin in the modifications of muscle shear elastic modulus after damaging exercise.</abstract><note type="funding">French Ministry of Sports - No. 07‐006; </note><note type="funding">European Regional Development Fund - No. 37400; </note><note type="funding">French Muscular Dystrophy Association - No. 14084; </note><note type="funding">Region des Pays de la Loire</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>eccentric contractions</topic><topic>hysteresis area</topic><topic>oedema</topic><topic>passive tension</topic><topic>supersonic shear imaging</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Acta Physiologica</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Acta Physiol</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1748-1708</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1748-1716</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1748-1716</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">APHA</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>211</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>135</start><end>146</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">33E1CB38147DEF7D8D7509EA8C24749B5C7D1B8F</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-K1S23K12-C</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/apha.12272</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">APHA12272</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2014 Scandinavian Physiological Society© 2014 Scandinavian Physiological Society. 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