A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Identifieur interne : 002D61 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002D60; suivant : 002D62A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS
Auteurs : Steffi Gaebler-Schwarz ; Andrew Davidson ; Philipp Assmy ; Jixin Chen ; Joachim Henjes ; Eva-Maria Nöthig ; Mirko Lunau ; Linda K. MedlinSource :
- Journal of Phycology [ 0022-3646 ] ; 2010-10.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Agellate, Agellate stage, Agellates, Antarctic, Antarctic climate, Antarctic peninsula region, Antarctica, Antarctica blooms, Antarctica clade, Antarctica strains, Atlantic sector, Austral spring, Austral summer, Australian antarctic division, Becton dickinson, Benthic stage, Biogeochemical cycles, Cell stage, Cell stages, Chaetoceros, Chaetoceros chains, Chaetoceros dichaeta, Chemical cues, Clade, Colonial cells, Colonial stage, Colony formation, Colony skin, Conductivity temperature depth, Culture material, Cultured material, Cytometry, Diatom, Diploid, Eifex, Entire surface, Epiphytic, Epiphytic colonies, European iron fertilization experiment, Event frequency distribution, Fertilization, Flagellate, Flow cytometric analyses, Flow cytometry, Fourth morphotype, Genus phaeocystis, Globosa, Grazers, Haploid, Haploid gametes, Haploid microzoospores, Haploid stage, High silica concentrations, Interstitial spaces, Iron fertilization experiments, Kactas_a, Laboratory culture conditions, Large colonies, Large diatoms, Life cycle, Life cycles, Life stages, Light micrographs, Marchant, Marine algae, Marine phytoplankton, Marine research, Medlin, Microzoospores, Montresor flagellates, Mucilaginous envelope, Niskin bottles, Other haptophytes, Other life stages, Phaeocystis, Phaeocystis aggregates, Phaeocystis antarctica, Phaeocystis globosa, Phaeocystis pouchetii, Phaeocystis species, Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton blooms, Plankton, Ploidy, Ploidy level, Pouchetii, Prymnesiophyceae, Research centre, Sequence data, Sexual cycle, Sexual reproduction, Side scatter, Single colony, Smetacek, Solid line, Southern ocean, Thomsen, Uorescent light, Viral infection, Water column, Zeiss axiocam, Zygote.
- Teeft :
- Agellate, Agellate stage, Agellates, Antarctic, Antarctic climate, Antarctic peninsula region, Antarctica, Antarctica blooms, Antarctica clade, Antarctica strains, Atlantic sector, Austral spring, Austral summer, Australian antarctic division, Becton dickinson, Benthic stage, Biogeochemical cycles, Cell stage, Cell stages, Chaetoceros, Chaetoceros chains, Chaetoceros dichaeta, Chemical cues, Clade, Colonial cells, Colonial stage, Colony formation, Colony skin, Conductivity temperature depth, Culture material, Cultured material, Cytometry, Diatom, Diploid, Eifex, Entire surface, Epiphytic, Epiphytic colonies, European iron fertilization experiment, Event frequency distribution, Fertilization, Flagellate, Flow cytometric analyses, Flow cytometry, Fourth morphotype, Genus phaeocystis, Globosa, Grazers, Haploid, Haploid gametes, Haploid microzoospores, Haploid stage, High silica concentrations, Interstitial spaces, Iron fertilization experiments, Kactas_a, Laboratory culture conditions, Large colonies, Large diatoms, Life cycle, Life cycles, Life stages, Light micrographs, Marchant, Marine algae, Marine phytoplankton, Marine research, Medlin, Microzoospores, Montresor flagellates, Mucilaginous envelope, Niskin bottles, Other haptophytes, Other life stages, Phaeocystis, Phaeocystis aggregates, Phaeocystis antarctica, Phaeocystis globosa, Phaeocystis pouchetii, Phaeocystis species, Phytoplankton, Phytoplankton blooms, Plankton, Ploidy, Ploidy level, Pouchetii, Prymnesiophyceae, Research centre, Sequence data, Sexual cycle, Sexual reproduction, Side scatter, Single colony, Smetacek, Solid line, Southern ocean, Thomsen, Uorescent light, Viral infection, Water column, Zeiss axiocam, Zygote.
Abstract
Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus Phaeocystis. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of Phaeocystis blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00875.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS</title><author><name sortKey="Gaebler Chwarz, Steffi" sort="Gaebler Chwarz, Steffi" uniqKey="Gaebler Chwarz S" first="Steffi" last="Gaebler-Schwarz">Steffi Gaebler-Schwarz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davidson, Andrew" sort="Davidson, Andrew" uniqKey="Davidson A" first="Andrew" last="Davidson">Andrew Davidson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assmy, Philipp" sort="Assmy, Philipp" uniqKey="Assmy P" first="Philipp" last="Assmy">Philipp Assmy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jixin" sort="Chen, Jixin" uniqKey="Chen J" first="Jixin" last="Chen">Jixin Chen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Henjes, Joachim" sort="Henjes, Joachim" uniqKey="Henjes J" first="Joachim" last="Henjes">Joachim Henjes</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Phytolutions GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nothig, Eva Aria" sort="Nothig, Eva Aria" uniqKey="Nothig E" first="Eva-Maria" last="Nöthig">Eva-Maria Nöthig</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunau, Mirko" sort="Lunau, Mirko" uniqKey="Lunau M" first="Mirko" last="Lunau">Mirko Lunau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medlin, Linda K" sort="Medlin, Linda K" uniqKey="Medlin L" first="Linda K." last="Medlin">Linda K. 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Medlin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Pierre and Marie Curie Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐mer, Laboratoire Arago, 66651 Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651 Banyul‐sur‐mer, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Phycology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3646</idno><idno type="eISSN">1529-8817</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1006">1006</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1016">1016</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-10">2010-10</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3646</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3646</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agellate</term><term>Agellate stage</term><term>Agellates</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic climate</term><term>Antarctic peninsula region</term><term>Antarctica</term><term>Antarctica blooms</term><term>Antarctica clade</term><term>Antarctica strains</term><term>Atlantic sector</term><term>Austral spring</term><term>Austral summer</term><term>Australian antarctic division</term><term>Becton dickinson</term><term>Benthic stage</term><term>Biogeochemical cycles</term><term>Cell stage</term><term>Cell stages</term><term>Chaetoceros</term><term>Chaetoceros chains</term><term>Chaetoceros dichaeta</term><term>Chemical cues</term><term>Clade</term><term>Colonial cells</term><term>Colonial stage</term><term>Colony formation</term><term>Colony skin</term><term>Conductivity temperature depth</term><term>Culture material</term><term>Cultured material</term><term>Cytometry</term><term>Diatom</term><term>Diploid</term><term>Eifex</term><term>Entire surface</term><term>Epiphytic</term><term>Epiphytic colonies</term><term>European iron fertilization experiment</term><term>Event frequency distribution</term><term>Fertilization</term><term>Flagellate</term><term>Flow cytometric analyses</term><term>Flow cytometry</term><term>Fourth morphotype</term><term>Genus phaeocystis</term><term>Globosa</term><term>Grazers</term><term>Haploid</term><term>Haploid gametes</term><term>Haploid microzoospores</term><term>Haploid stage</term><term>High silica concentrations</term><term>Interstitial spaces</term><term>Iron fertilization experiments</term><term>Kactas_a</term><term>Laboratory culture conditions</term><term>Large colonies</term><term>Large diatoms</term><term>Life cycle</term><term>Life cycles</term><term>Life stages</term><term>Light micrographs</term><term>Marchant</term><term>Marine algae</term><term>Marine phytoplankton</term><term>Marine research</term><term>Medlin</term><term>Microzoospores</term><term>Montresor flagellates</term><term>Mucilaginous envelope</term><term>Niskin bottles</term><term>Other haptophytes</term><term>Other life stages</term><term>Phaeocystis</term><term>Phaeocystis aggregates</term><term>Phaeocystis antarctica</term><term>Phaeocystis globosa</term><term>Phaeocystis pouchetii</term><term>Phaeocystis species</term><term>Phytoplankton</term><term>Phytoplankton blooms</term><term>Plankton</term><term>Ploidy</term><term>Ploidy level</term><term>Pouchetii</term><term>Prymnesiophyceae</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Sequence data</term><term>Sexual cycle</term><term>Sexual reproduction</term><term>Side scatter</term><term>Single colony</term><term>Smetacek</term><term>Solid line</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Thomsen</term><term>Uorescent light</term><term>Viral infection</term><term>Water column</term><term>Zeiss axiocam</term><term>Zygote</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Agellate</term><term>Agellate stage</term><term>Agellates</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic climate</term><term>Antarctic peninsula region</term><term>Antarctica</term><term>Antarctica blooms</term><term>Antarctica clade</term><term>Antarctica strains</term><term>Atlantic sector</term><term>Austral spring</term><term>Austral summer</term><term>Australian antarctic division</term><term>Becton dickinson</term><term>Benthic stage</term><term>Biogeochemical cycles</term><term>Cell stage</term><term>Cell stages</term><term>Chaetoceros</term><term>Chaetoceros chains</term><term>Chaetoceros dichaeta</term><term>Chemical cues</term><term>Clade</term><term>Colonial cells</term><term>Colonial stage</term><term>Colony formation</term><term>Colony skin</term><term>Conductivity temperature depth</term><term>Culture material</term><term>Cultured material</term><term>Cytometry</term><term>Diatom</term><term>Diploid</term><term>Eifex</term><term>Entire surface</term><term>Epiphytic</term><term>Epiphytic colonies</term><term>European iron fertilization experiment</term><term>Event frequency distribution</term><term>Fertilization</term><term>Flagellate</term><term>Flow cytometric analyses</term><term>Flow cytometry</term><term>Fourth morphotype</term><term>Genus phaeocystis</term><term>Globosa</term><term>Grazers</term><term>Haploid</term><term>Haploid gametes</term><term>Haploid microzoospores</term><term>Haploid stage</term><term>High silica concentrations</term><term>Interstitial spaces</term><term>Iron fertilization experiments</term><term>Kactas_a</term><term>Laboratory culture conditions</term><term>Large colonies</term><term>Large diatoms</term><term>Life cycle</term><term>Life cycles</term><term>Life stages</term><term>Light micrographs</term><term>Marchant</term><term>Marine algae</term><term>Marine phytoplankton</term><term>Marine research</term><term>Medlin</term><term>Microzoospores</term><term>Montresor flagellates</term><term>Mucilaginous envelope</term><term>Niskin bottles</term><term>Other haptophytes</term><term>Other life stages</term><term>Phaeocystis</term><term>Phaeocystis aggregates</term><term>Phaeocystis antarctica</term><term>Phaeocystis globosa</term><term>Phaeocystis pouchetii</term><term>Phaeocystis species</term><term>Phytoplankton</term><term>Phytoplankton blooms</term><term>Plankton</term><term>Ploidy</term><term>Ploidy level</term><term>Pouchetii</term><term>Prymnesiophyceae</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Sequence data</term><term>Sexual cycle</term><term>Sexual reproduction</term><term>Side scatter</term><term>Single colony</term><term>Smetacek</term><term>Solid line</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Thomsen</term><term>Uorescent light</term><term>Viral infection</term><term>Water column</term><term>Zeiss axiocam</term><term>Zygote</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus Phaeocystis. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of Phaeocystis blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>phaeocystis</json:string><json:string>antarctica</json:string><json:string>diatom</json:string><json:string>agellates</json:string><json:string>life cycle</json:string><json:string>haploid</json:string><json:string>diploid</json:string><json:string>antarctic</json:string><json:string>kactas_a</json:string><json:string>microzoospores</json:string><json:string>globosa</json:string><json:string>phytoplankton</json:string><json:string>zygote</json:string><json:string>cell stage</json:string><json:string>smetacek</json:string><json:string>medlin</json:string><json:string>culture material</json:string><json:string>chaetoceros</json:string><json:string>thomsen</json:string><json:string>eifex</json:string><json:string>grazers</json:string><json:string>marchant</json:string><json:string>flagellate</json:string><json:string>plankton</json:string><json:string>pouchetii</json:string><json:string>prymnesiophyceae</json:string><json:string>agellate</json:string><json:string>southern ocean</json:string><json:string>cytometry</json:string><json:string>clade</json:string><json:string>ploidy</json:string><json:string>fertilization</json:string><json:string>epiphytic</json:string><json:string>australian antarctic division</json:string><json:string>colonial cells</json:string><json:string>colonial stage</json:string><json:string>sexual reproduction</json:string><json:string>large colonies</json:string><json:string>chemical cues</json:string><json:string>ploidy level</json:string><json:string>montresor flagellates</json:string><json:string>cell stages</json:string><json:string>atlantic sector</json:string><json:string>benthic stage</json:string><json:string>phaeocystis species</json:string><json:string>phaeocystis pouchetii</json:string><json:string>other haptophytes</json:string><json:string>becton dickinson</json:string><json:string>large diatoms</json:string><json:string>european iron fertilization experiment</json:string><json:string>fourth morphotype</json:string><json:string>interstitial spaces</json:string><json:string>uorescent light</json:string><json:string>sexual cycle</json:string><json:string>life stages</json:string><json:string>water column</json:string><json:string>light micrographs</json:string><json:string>haploid microzoospores</json:string><json:string>agellate stage</json:string><json:string>marine research</json:string><json:string>entire surface</json:string><json:string>epiphytic colonies</json:string><json:string>zeiss axiocam</json:string><json:string>austral summer</json:string><json:string>laboratory culture conditions</json:string><json:string>life cycles</json:string><json:string>colony formation</json:string><json:string>phaeocystis aggregates</json:string><json:string>chaetoceros chains</json:string><json:string>flow cytometry</json:string><json:string>antarctica blooms</json:string><json:string>biogeochemical cycles</json:string><json:string>phytoplankton blooms</json:string><json:string>high silica concentrations</json:string><json:string>antarctica strains</json:string><json:string>iron fertilization experiments</json:string><json:string>austral spring</json:string><json:string>antarctic peninsula region</json:string><json:string>conductivity temperature depth</json:string><json:string>chaetoceros dichaeta</json:string><json:string>mucilaginous envelope</json:string><json:string>niskin bottles</json:string><json:string>other life stages</json:string><json:string>colony skin</json:string><json:string>flow cytometric analyses</json:string><json:string>event frequency distribution</json:string><json:string>solid line</json:string><json:string>side scatter</json:string><json:string>genus phaeocystis</json:string><json:string>antarctica clade</json:string><json:string>sequence data</json:string><json:string>single colony</json:string><json:string>phaeocystis antarctica</json:string><json:string>research centre</json:string><json:string>haploid stage</json:string><json:string>cultured material</json:string><json:string>haploid gametes</json:string><json:string>viral infection</json:string><json:string>antarctic climate</json:string><json:string>marine phytoplankton</json:string><json:string>phaeocystis globosa</json:string><json:string>marine algae</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Steffi Gaebler‐Schwarz</name><affiliations><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Andrew Davidson</name><affiliations><json:string>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Philipp Assmy</name><affiliations><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jixin Chen</name><affiliations><json:string>State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Joachim Henjes</name><affiliations><json:string>Phytolutions GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Eva‐Maria Nöthig</name><affiliations><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mirko Lunau</name><affiliations><json:string>Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Linda K. Medlin</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Pierre and Marie Curie Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐mer, Laboratoire Arago, 66651 Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651 Banyul‐sur‐mer, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>life‐cycle stage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>P. antarctica</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Phaeocystis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sexual reproduction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>zygote</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JPY875</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-XM3XWMBN-S</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus Phaeocystis. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of Phaeocystis blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.736</score><pdfWordCount>6180</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>37873</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>228</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1473</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Phycology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1529-8817</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0022-3646</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1529-8817</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JPY</json:string></publisherId><volume>46</volume><issue>5</issue><pages><first>1006</first><last>1016</last><total>11</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2005</json:string><json:string>18S</json:string><json:string>1009</json:string><json:string>2010</json:string></date><geogName><json:string>Sea Res</json:string><json:string>Ocean Antarctica</json:string><json:string>Prydz</json:string><json:string>Weddell Sea</json:string></geogName><orgName><json:string>Scripps Institute, Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla, CA, USA</json:string><json:string>University of Amsterdam</json:string><json:string>Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre</json:string><json:string>Cooperative Research Centres Programme</json:string><json:string>Sea-Bird Electronics Inc.</json:string><json:string>France CNRS, UMR</json:string><json:string>Germany Eva-Maria Nothig</json:string><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</json:string><json:string>China Joachim Henjes Phytolutions</json:string><json:string>Germany Jixin Chen State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen</json:string><json:string>Medlin University</json:string><json:string>Germany Andrew Davidson Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage</json:string><json:string>Hampton Research, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA</json:string><json:string>Germany Mirko Lunau Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole</json:string><json:string>Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania</json:string><json:string>Australia Philipp Assmy Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Marine Sciences</json:string><json:string>J. Phycol</json:string><json:string>D. Eslake</json:string><json:string>Davis Station</json:string><json:string>J. Microbiol</json:string><json:string>K. Westwood</json:string><json:string>P. Assmy</json:string><json:string>Marine Microalgae</json:string><json:string>Marie Curie</json:string><json:string>Aurora Australis</json:string><json:string>G. Karst</json:string><json:string>M. Stolp</json:string><json:string>S. Gaebler-Schwarz</json:string><json:string>J. Trotter</json:string><json:string>P. Pendoley</json:string><json:string>B. Beszteri</json:string><json:string>J. Mar</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Paris</json:string><json:string>Bristol</json:string><json:string>Hamm</json:string><json:string>Germany</json:string><json:string>Kiel</json:string><json:string>Munich</json:string><json:string>Australia</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Sunderland</json:string><json:string>Eppendorf</json:string><json:string>Darmstadt</json:string><json:string>Bremen</json:string><json:string>San Jose</json:string><json:string>Bellevue</json:string><json:string>USA</json:string><json:string>CA</json:string><json:string>Berzdorf</json:string><json:string>France</json:string><json:string>WA</json:string><json:string>Bremerhaven</json:string><json:string>Oxford</json:string><json:string>Netherlands</json:string><json:string>PA</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Garrison and Thomsen 1993</json:string><json:string>Kirst et al. 1991</json:string><json:string>Sunda et al. 2002</json:string><json:string>Wolfe et al. 1997</json:string><json:string>Edvardsen et al. 2000</json:string><json:string>Arrigo et al. 1999</json:string><json:string>Chretiennot-Dinet et al. 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(2002)</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-XM3XWMBN-S</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - plant sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - marine & freshwater biology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biology</json:string><json:string>3 - marine biology & hydrobiology</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Plant Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Aquatic Science</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00875.x</json:string></doi><id>F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE <hi rend="italic">PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA</hi> AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS<ref type="note" target="#fn1"><hi rend="superscript">1</hi></ref></title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2010 Phycological Society of America</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2010-10"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE <hi rend="italic">PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA</hi> AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS<ref type="note" target="#fn1"><hi rend="superscript">1</hi></ref></title><title level="a" type="short">NEW CELL STAGE IN PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Steffi</forename><surname>Gaebler‐Schwarz</surname></persName><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation><note type="foot">
Author for correspondence: e‐mail steffi.gaebler@awi.de.</note><email>steffi.gaebler@awi.de</email></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Andrew</forename><surname>Davidson</surname></persName><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Philipp</forename><surname>Assmy</surname></persName><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Jixin</forename><surname>Chen</surname></persName><affiliation>State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China<address><country key="CN"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Joachim</forename><surname>Henjes</surname></persName><affiliation>Phytolutions GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Eva‐Maria</forename><surname>Nöthig</surname></persName><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Mirko</forename><surname>Lunau</surname></persName><affiliation>Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Linda K.</forename><surname>Medlin</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Pierre and Marie Curie Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐mer, Laboratoire Arago, 66651 Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651 Banyul‐sur‐mer, France<address><country key="FR"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-XM3XWMBN-S</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00875.x</idno><idno type="unit">JPY875</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JPY.JPY875.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Phycology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3646</idno><idno type="eISSN">1529-8817</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1529-8817</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/jpy.2010.46.issue-5</idno><idno type="product">JPY</idno><idno type="publisherDivision">ST</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">46</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1006">1006</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1016">1016</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">11</biblScope><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-10"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><p>Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus <hi rend="italic">Phaeocystis</hi>. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of <hi rend="italic">Phaeocystis</hi> blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of <hi rend="italic">P. antarctica</hi> G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of <hi rend="italic">P. antarctica</hi>, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">life‐cycle stage</term><term xml:id="k2"><hi rend="italic">P. antarctica</hi></term><term xml:id="k3"><hi rend="italic">Phaeocystis</hi></term><term xml:id="k4">sexual reproduction</term><term xml:id="k5">zygote</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Morphology</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" 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noteRef="#fn2"><personName><givenNames>Steffi</givenNames><familyName>Gaebler‐Schwarz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Andrew</givenNames><familyName>Davidson</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Philipp</givenNames><familyName>Assmy</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Jixin</givenNames><familyName>Chen</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a5"><personName><givenNames>Joachim</givenNames><familyName>Henjes</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a6"><personName><givenNames>Eva‐Maria</givenNames><familyName>Nöthig</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a7"><personName><givenNames>Mirko</givenNames><familyName>Lunau</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr8" affiliationRef="#a8"><personName><givenNames>Linda K.</givenNames><familyName>Medlin</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="AU"><unparsedAffiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Phytolutions GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a6" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a7" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a8" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation>University of Pierre and Marie Curie Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐mer, Laboratoire Arago, 66651 Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651 Banyul‐sur‐mer, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">life‐cycle stage</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2"><i>P. antarctica</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k3"><i>Phaeocystis</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">sexual reproduction</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">zygote</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus <i>Phaeocystis</i>. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of <i>Phaeocystis</i> blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of <i>P. antarctica</i> G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of <i>P. antarctica</i>, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>
Received 8 July 2009. Accepted 24 March 2010.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><p>
Author for correspondence: e‐mail <email>steffi.gaebler@awi.de</email>.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>NEW CELL STAGE IN PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS1</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Steffi</namePart><namePart type="family">Gaebler‐Schwarz</namePart><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><description>Author for correspondence: e‐mail steffi.gaebler@awi.de.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrew</namePart><namePart type="family">Davidson</namePart><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Environment and Heritage, and Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philipp</namePart><namePart type="family">Assmy</namePart><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jixin</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><affiliation>State Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science, Environmental Science Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Joachim</namePart><namePart type="family">Henjes</namePart><affiliation>Phytolutions GmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Eva‐Maria</namePart><namePart type="family">Nöthig</namePart><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D‐27570 Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mirko</namePart><namePart type="family">Lunau</namePart><affiliation>Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, 02543 Massachusetts, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Linda K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Medlin</namePart><affiliation>University of Pierre and Marie Curie Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls‐sur‐mer, Laboratoire Arago, 66651 Banyuls‐sur‐mer, France CNRS, UMR 7621, LOMIC, Observatoire Océanologique, 66651 Banyul‐sur‐mer, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-10</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">7</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus Phaeocystis. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of Phaeocystis blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ∼4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.</abstract><note type="content">*Received 8 July 2009. Accepted 24 March 2010.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>life‐cycle stage</topic><topic>P. antarctica</topic><topic>Phaeocystis</topic><topic>sexual reproduction</topic><topic>zygote</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Phycology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3646</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1529-8817</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1529-8817</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JPY</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>46</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1006</start><end>1016</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-XM3XWMBN-S</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00875.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JPY875</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 Phycological Society of America</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/F246FBC7CBA9574DE32F0C5F899057D2D0930904/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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