Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration
Identifieur interne : 002947 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002946; suivant : 002948Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration
Auteurs : D. L. Blaney ; R. C. Wiens ; S. Maurice ; S. M. Clegg ; R. B. Anderson ; L. C. Kah ; S. Le Mouélic ; A. Ollila ; N. Bridges ; R. Tokar ; G. Berger ; J. C. Bridges ; A. Cousin ; B. Clark ; M. D. Dyar ; P. L. King ; N. Lanza ; N. Mangold ; P. Meslin ; H. Newsom ; S. Schröder ; S. Rowland ; J. Johnson ; L. Edgar ; O. Gasnault ; O. Forni ; M. Schmidt ; W. Goetz ; K. Stack ; D. Sumner ; M. Fisk ; M. B. MadsenSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets [ 2169-9097 ] ; 2014-09.
Abstract
A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.
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DOI: 10.1002/2013JE004590
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Wiens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurice, S" sort="Maurice, S" uniqKey="Maurice S" first="S." last="Maurice">S. Maurice</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clegg, S M" sort="Clegg, S M" uniqKey="Clegg S" first="S. M." last="Clegg">S. M. Clegg</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, R B" sort="Anderson, R B" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="R. B." last="Anderson">R. B. Anderson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona, Flagstaff, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kah, L C" sort="Kah, L C" uniqKey="Kah L" first="L. C." last="Kah">L. C. Kah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Mouelic, S" sort="Le Mouelic, S" uniqKey="Le Mouelic S" first="S." last="Le Mouélic">S. Le Mouélic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ollila, A" sort="Ollila, A" uniqKey="Ollila A" first="A." last="Ollila">A. 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Berger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, J C" sort="Bridges, J C" uniqKey="Bridges J" first="J. C." last="Bridges">J. C. Bridges</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousin, A" sort="Cousin, A" uniqKey="Cousin A" first="A." last="Cousin">A. Cousin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, B" sort="Clark, B" uniqKey="Clark B" first="B." last="Clark">B. Clark</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Science Institute, Colorado, Boulder, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dyar, M D" sort="Dyar, M D" uniqKey="Dyar M" first="M. D." last="Dyar">M. D. Dyar</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanza, N" sort="Lanza, N" uniqKey="Lanza N" first="N." last="Lanza">N. Lanza</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangold, N" sort="Mangold, N" uniqKey="Mangold N" first="N." last="Mangold">N. Mangold</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meslin, P" sort="Meslin, P" uniqKey="Meslin P" first="P." last="Meslin">P. Meslin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newsom, H" sort="Newsom, H" uniqKey="Newsom H" first="H." last="Newsom">H. Newsom</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, S" sort="Schroder, S" uniqKey="Schroder S" first="S." last="Schröder">S. Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" sort="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S" first="S." last="Rowland">S. Rowland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, J" sort="Johnson, J" uniqKey="Johnson J" first="J." last="Johnson">J. Johnson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edgar, L" sort="Edgar, L" uniqKey="Edgar L" first="L." last="Edgar">L. Edgar</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Arizona, Tempe, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gasnault, O" sort="Gasnault, O" uniqKey="Gasnault O" first="O." last="Gasnault">O. Gasnault</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forni, O" sort="Forni, O" uniqKey="Forni O" first="O." last="Forni">O. Forni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goetz, W" sort="Goetz, W" uniqKey="Goetz W" first="W." last="Goetz">W. Goetz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stack, K" sort="Stack, K" uniqKey="Stack K" first="K." last="Stack">K. Stack</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumner, D" sort="Sumner, D" uniqKey="Sumner D" first="D." last="Sumner">D. Sumner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisk, M" sort="Fisk, M" uniqKey="Fisk M" first="M." last="Fisk">M. Fisk</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madsen, M B" sort="Madsen, M B" uniqKey="Madsen M" first="M. B." last="Madsen">M. B. Madsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7</idno><date when="2014" year="2014">2014</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/2013JE004590</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002947</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002947</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title><author><name sortKey="Blaney, D L" sort="Blaney, D L" uniqKey="Blaney D" first="D. L." last="Blaney">D. L. Blaney</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiens, R C" sort="Wiens, R C" uniqKey="Wiens R" first="R. C." last="Wiens">R. C. Wiens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maurice, S" sort="Maurice, S" uniqKey="Maurice S" first="S." last="Maurice">S. Maurice</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clegg, S M" sort="Clegg, S M" uniqKey="Clegg S" first="S. M." last="Clegg">S. M. Clegg</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, R B" sort="Anderson, R B" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="R. B." last="Anderson">R. B. Anderson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona, Flagstaff, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kah, L C" sort="Kah, L C" uniqKey="Kah L" first="L. C." last="Kah">L. C. Kah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Mouelic, S" sort="Le Mouelic, S" uniqKey="Le Mouelic S" first="S." last="Le Mouélic">S. Le Mouélic</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ollila, A" sort="Ollila, A" uniqKey="Ollila A" first="A." last="Ollila">A. Ollila</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, N" sort="Bridges, N" uniqKey="Bridges N" first="N." last="Bridges">N. Bridges</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tokar, R" sort="Tokar, R" uniqKey="Tokar R" first="R." last="Tokar">R. Tokar</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Planetary Science Institute, Arizona, Tucson, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, G" sort="Berger, G" uniqKey="Berger G" first="G." last="Berger">G. Berger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bridges, J C" sort="Bridges, J C" uniqKey="Bridges J" first="J. C." last="Bridges">J. C. Bridges</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cousin, A" sort="Cousin, A" uniqKey="Cousin A" first="A." last="Cousin">A. Cousin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clark, B" sort="Clark, B" uniqKey="Clark B" first="B." last="Clark">B. Clark</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Science Institute, Colorado, Boulder, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dyar, M D" sort="Dyar, M D" uniqKey="Dyar M" first="M. D." last="Dyar">M. D. Dyar</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lanza, N" sort="Lanza, N" uniqKey="Lanza N" first="N." last="Lanza">N. Lanza</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mangold, N" sort="Mangold, N" uniqKey="Mangold N" first="N." last="Mangold">N. Mangold</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meslin, P" sort="Meslin, P" uniqKey="Meslin P" first="P." last="Meslin">P. Meslin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newsom, H" sort="Newsom, H" uniqKey="Newsom H" first="H." last="Newsom">H. Newsom</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schroder, S" sort="Schroder, S" uniqKey="Schroder S" first="S." last="Schröder">S. Schröder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" sort="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S" first="S." last="Rowland">S. Rowland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, J" sort="Johnson, J" uniqKey="Johnson J" first="J." last="Johnson">J. Johnson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edgar, L" sort="Edgar, L" uniqKey="Edgar L" first="L." last="Edgar">L. Edgar</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Arizona, Tempe, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gasnault, O" sort="Gasnault, O" uniqKey="Gasnault O" first="O." last="Gasnault">O. Gasnault</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forni, O" sort="Forni, O" uniqKey="Forni O" first="O." last="Forni">O. Forni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Goetz, W" sort="Goetz, W" uniqKey="Goetz W" first="W." last="Goetz">W. Goetz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stack, K" sort="Stack, K" uniqKey="Stack K" first="K." last="Stack">K. Stack</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumner, D" sort="Sumner, D" uniqKey="Sumner D" first="D." last="Sumner">D. Sumner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisk, M" sort="Fisk, M" uniqKey="Fisk M" first="M." last="Fisk">M. Fisk</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Madsen, M B" sort="Madsen, M B" uniqKey="Madsen M" first="M. B." last="Madsen">M. B. Madsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS</title><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno><idno type="eISSN">2169-9100</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">119</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2109">2109</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2131">2131</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">23</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-09">2014-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">2169-9097</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D. L. Blaney</name><affiliations><json:string>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</json:string><json:string>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</json:string><json:string>E-mail: diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. C. Wiens</name><affiliations><json:string>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Maurice</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. M. Clegg</name><affiliations><json:string>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. B. Anderson</name><affiliations><json:string>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona, Flagstaff, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. C. Kah</name><affiliations><json:string>Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Le Mouélic</name><affiliations><json:string>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Ollila</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. Bridges</name><affiliations><json:string>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Tokar</name><affiliations><json:string>Planetary Science Institute, Arizona, Tucson, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Berger</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. C. Bridges</name><affiliations><json:string>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Cousin</name><affiliations><json:string>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Clark</name><affiliations><json:string>Space Science Institute, Colorado, Boulder, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. D. Dyar</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. L. King</name><affiliations><json:string>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. Lanza</name><affiliations><json:string>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. Mangold</name><affiliations><json:string>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P.‐Y. Meslin</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Newsom</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Schröder</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Rowland</name><affiliations><json:string>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Johnson</name><affiliations><json:string>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. Edgar</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Arizona, Tempe, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>O. Gasnault</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>O. Forni</name><affiliations><json:string>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Schmidt</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. Goetz</name><affiliations><json:string>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Stack</name><affiliations><json:string>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Sumner</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Fisk</name><affiliations><json:string>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. B. Madsen</name><affiliations><json:string>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rocknest</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ChemCam</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>LIBS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Curiosity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gale</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JGRE20297</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-V8SPMCB2-M</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.532</score><pdfWordCount>12216</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>74561</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>23</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts (letter)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>211</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1292</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9100</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>2169-9097</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>2169-9100</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JGRE</json:string></publisherId><volume>119</volume><issue>9</issue><pages><first>2109</first><last>2131</last><total>23</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Results from the first 360 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission: Bradbury Landing through Yellowknife Bay</value></json:item><json:item><value>GEOCHEMISTRY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Planetary geochemistry</value></json:item><json:item><value>Major and trace element geochemistry</value></json:item><json:item><value>MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Planetary mineralogy and petrology</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Hydrothermal systems and weathering on other planets</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Composition</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Composition</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES</value></json:item><json:item><value>Atmospheres</value></json:item><json:item><value>Composition</value></json:item><json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</value></json:item><json:item><value>Mars</value></json:item><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject></host><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-V8SPMCB2-M</json:string></ark><publicationDate>2014</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2014</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/2013JE004590</json:string></doi><id>DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2014-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title><title level="a" type="short">ROCKNEST CHEMISTRY AND TEXTURE</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">D. L.</forename><surname>Blaney</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</orgName><orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pasadena</settlement><region>California</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney, diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">R. C.</forename><surname>Wiens</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Maurice</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">S. M.</forename><surname>Clegg</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">R. B.</forename><surname>Anderson</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Flagstaff</settlement><region>Arizona</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">L. C.</forename><surname>Kah</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Earth and Planetary Sciences</orgName><orgName>University of Tennessee, Knoxville</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Knoxville</settlement><region>Tennessee</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Le Mouélic</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Ollila</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Institute of Meteoritics</orgName><orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Albuquerque</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>Bridges</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Laurel</settlement><region>Maryland</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Tokar</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Planetary Science Institute</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Tucson</settlement><region>Arizona</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Berger</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">J. C.</forename><surname>Bridges</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy</orgName><orgName>University of Leicester</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Leicester</settlement><country key="GB">UK</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Cousin</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Clark</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Space Science Institute</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Boulder</settlement><region>Colorado</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">M. D.</forename><surname>Dyar</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Astronomy</orgName><orgName>Mount Holyoke College</orgName><address><settlement type="city">South Hadley</settlement><region>Massachusetts</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">P. L.</forename><surname>King</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Research School of Earth Sciences</orgName><orgName>Australia National University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Canberra</settlement><region>ACT</region><country key="AU">Australia</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>Lanza</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>Mangold</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0018"><persName><forename type="first">P.‐Y.</forename><surname>Meslin</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0019"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Newsom</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Institute of Meteoritics</orgName><orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Albuquerque</settlement><region>New Mexico</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0020"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Schröder</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0021"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Rowland</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>SOEST</orgName><orgName>University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Honolulu</settlement><region>Hawaii</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0022"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Johnson</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Laurel</settlement><region>Maryland</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0023"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Edgar</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>School of Earth and Space Exploration</orgName><orgName>Arizona State University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Tempe</settlement><region>Arizona</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0024"><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename><surname>Gasnault</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0025"><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename><surname>Forni</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0026"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Schmidt</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Earth Sciences</orgName><orgName>Brock University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">St. Catharines</settlement><region>Ontario</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0027"><persName><forename type="first">W.</forename><surname>Goetz</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Katlenburg‐Lindau</settlement><country key="DE">Germany</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0028"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Stack</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pasadena</settlement><region>California</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0029"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Sumner</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Department of Geology</orgName><orgName>University of California</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Davis</settlement><region>California</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0030"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Fisk</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences</orgName><orgName>Oregon State University</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Corvallis</settlement><region>Oregon</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0031"><persName><forename type="first">M. B.</forename><surname>Madsen</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science</orgName><orgName>University of Copenhagen</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Copenhagen</settlement><country key="DK">Denmark</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-V8SPMCB2-M</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/2013JE004590</idno><idno type="unit">JGRE20297</idno><idno type="society">2013JE004590</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JGRE.JGRE20297.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS</title><idno type="pISSN">2169-9097</idno><idno type="eISSN">2169-9100</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9100</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jgre.v119.9</idno><idno type="product">JGRE</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">119</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2109">2109</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2131">2131</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">23</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-09"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeO<hi rend="subscript">T</hi>, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeO<hi rend="subscript">T</hi>. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><head>Key Points</head><p><list xml:id="jgre20297-list-0001" style="bulleted"><item>Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistry</item><item>Rocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apart</item><item>They may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</item></list></p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0001">Rocknest</term><term xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0002">ChemCam</term><term xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0003">LIBS</term><term xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0004">Curiosity</term><term xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0005">Gale</term></keywords><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/MSLMISSION1">Results from the first 360 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission: Bradbury Landing through Yellowknife Bay</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5700">PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6000">PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</classCode><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Research Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Research Articles</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgre20297"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9100</doi><issn type="print">2169-9097</issn><issn type="electronic">2169-9100</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRE"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title><title type="short">J. Geophys. Res. Planets</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="90"><doi>10.1002/jgre.v119.9</doi><copyright>©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="119">119</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">9</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2014-09">September 2014</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="70" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/2013JE004590</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JGRE20297"></id><id type="society" value="2013JE004590"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="23"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2013-12-07"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2014-08-06"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2014-08-06"></event><event type="xmlCreated" agent="SPi Global" date="2014-08-20"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2014-08-14"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2014-09-10"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2014-09-10"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2014-10-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.7.5 mode:FullText" date="2016-01-29"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">2109</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">2131</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>
<lineatedText><line>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</line><line><email>diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/MSLMISSION1">Results from the first 360 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission: Bradbury Landing through Yellowknife Bay</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1060">Planetary geochemistry</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1065">Major and trace element geochemistry</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600" role="crossTerm">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3672" role="crossTerm">Planetary mineralogy and petrology</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5220">Hydrothermal systems and weathering on other planets</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5405" role="crossTerm">Atmospheres</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5410">Composition</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5700" role="crossTerm">PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5704" role="crossTerm">Atmospheres</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5709" role="crossTerm">Composition</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6000" role="crossTerm">PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6005" role="crossTerm">Atmospheres</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6008" role="crossTerm">Composition</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6225">Mars</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation type="self" xml:id="jgre20297-cit-0000"><author><familyName>Blaney</familyName>,
<givenNames>D. L.</givenNames></author>, et al. (<pubYear year="2014">2014</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res. Planets</journalTitle>, <vol number="119">119</vol>, <pageFirst>2109</pageFirst>–<pageLast>2131</pageLast>, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1002/2013JE004590">10.1002/2013JE004590</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRE.JGRE20297.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="17"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="10677"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title><title type="shortAuthors">BLANEY ET AL.</title><title type="short">ROCKNEST CHEMISTRY AND TEXTURE</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgre20297-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgre20297-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>D. 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B.</givenNames><familyName>Madsen</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</orgDiv><orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName><address><city>Pasadena</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0002"><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName><address><city>Los Alamos</city><countryPart>New Mexico</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0003"><orgDiv>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgDiv><orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName><address><city>Toulouse</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0004"><orgName>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center</orgName><address><city>Flagstaff</city><countryPart>Arizona</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Earth and Planetary Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Tennessee, Knoxville</orgName><address><city>Knoxville</city><countryPart>Tennessee</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0006"><orgName>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes</orgName><address><city>Nantes</city><country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Institute of Meteoritics</orgDiv><orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName><address><city>Albuquerque</city><countryPart>New Mexico</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0008"><orgName>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</orgName><address><city>Laurel</city><countryPart>Maryland</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0009"><orgName>Planetary Science Institute</orgName><address><city>Tucson</city><countryPart>Arizona</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="GB" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0010"><orgDiv>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy</orgDiv><orgName>University of Leicester</orgName><address><city>Leicester</city><country>UK</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0011"><orgName>Space Science Institute</orgName><address><city>Boulder</city><countryPart>Colorado</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0012"><orgDiv>Department of Astronomy</orgDiv><orgName>Mount Holyoke College</orgName><address><city>South Hadley</city><countryPart>Massachusetts</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="AU" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0013"><orgDiv>Research School of Earth Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>Australia National University</orgName><address><city>Canberra</city><countryPart>ACT</countryPart><country>Australia</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0014"><orgDiv>SOEST</orgDiv><orgName>University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa</orgName><address><city>Honolulu</city><countryPart>Hawaii</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0015"><orgDiv>School of Earth and Space Exploration</orgDiv><orgName>Arizona State University</orgName><address><city>Tempe</city><countryPart>Arizona</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0016"><orgDiv>Department of Earth Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>Brock University</orgName><address><city>St. Catharines</city><countryPart>Ontario</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0017"><orgName>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung</orgName><address><city>Katlenburg‐Lindau</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0018"><orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName><address><city>Pasadena</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0019"><orgDiv>Department of Geology</orgDiv><orgName>University of California</orgName><address><city>Davis</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0020"><orgDiv>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>Oregon State University</orgName><address><city>Corvallis</city><countryPart>Oregon</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DK" type="organization" xml:id="jgre20297-aff-0021"><orgDiv>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science</orgDiv><orgName>University of Copenhagen</orgName><address><city>Copenhagen</city><country>Denmark</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0001">Rocknest</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0002">ChemCam</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0003">LIBS</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0004">Curiosity</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgre20297-kwd-0005">Gale</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>GO 2288/1‐1</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><supportingInformation xml:id="jgre20297-supinf-0001"><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0001"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0001-ReadMe"></mediaResource><caption>Readme</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0002"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/unknown" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0002-TableS1"></mediaResource><caption>Table S1</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0003"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="image/tiff" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0003-FigureS1_part1_Blaneyetal"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S1</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0004"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="image/tiff" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0004-FigureS2_part2_Blaneyetal"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S2</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0005"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="image/tiff" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0005-FigureS3_part3_Blaneyetal"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S3</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeO<sub>T</sub>, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeO<sub>T</sub>. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p><list style="bulleted" xml:id="jgre20297-list-0001"><listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0001">Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistry</listItem><listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0002">Rocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apart</listItem><listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0003">They may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>ROCKNEST CHEMISTRY AND TEXTURE</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blaney</namePart><affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wiens</namePart><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maurice</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Clegg</namePart><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart><affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona, Flagstaff, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kah</namePart><affiliation>Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Le Mouélic</namePart><affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ollila</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bridges</namePart><affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tokar</namePart><affiliation>Planetary Science Institute, Arizona, Tucson, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Berger</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bridges</namePart><affiliation>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cousin</namePart><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Clark</namePart><affiliation>Space Science Institute, Colorado, Boulder, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dyar</namePart><affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lanza</namePart><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mangold</namePart><affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.‐Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Meslin</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Newsom</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rowland</namePart><affiliation>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Edgar</namePart><affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Arizona, Tempe, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gasnault</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Forni</namePart><affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmidt</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goetz</namePart><affiliation>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stack</namePart><affiliation>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sumner</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fisk</namePart><affiliation>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Madsen</namePart><affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2014-08-20</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2013-12-07</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2014-08-06</dateValid><edition>Blaney, D. L., et al. (2014), Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 2109–2131, doi:10.1002/2013JE004590.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">17</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="words">10677</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</abstract><abstract type="short">Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistryRocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apartThey may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</abstract><note type="additional physical form">ReadmeTable S1Figure S1Figure S2Figure S3</note><note type="funding">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. GO 2288/1‐1; </note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Rocknest</topic><topic>ChemCam</topic><topic>LIBS</topic><topic>Curiosity</topic><topic>Gale</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res. Planets</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/MSLMISSION1">Results from the first 360 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission: Bradbury Landing through Yellowknife Bay</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1060">Planetary geochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1065">Major and trace element geochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3672">Planetary mineralogy and petrology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5220">Hydrothermal systems and weathering on other planets</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5405">Atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5410">Composition</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5700">PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5704">Atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5709">Composition</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6000">PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6005">Atmospheres</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6008">Composition</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6225">Mars</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">2169-9097</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2169-9100</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9100</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRE</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>119</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2109</start><end>2131</end><total>23</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DE05CC4CAB511895AED6DC327904A80846A558B7</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-V8SPMCB2-M</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/2013JE004590</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JGRE20297</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2014. 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