Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration
Identifieur interne : 002947 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002946; suivant : 002948Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration
Auteurs : D. L. Blaney ; R. C. Wiens ; S. Maurice ; S. M. Clegg ; R. B. Anderson ; L. C. Kah ; S. Le Mouélic ; A. Ollila ; N. Bridges ; R. Tokar ; G. Berger ; J. C. Bridges ; A. Cousin ; B. Clark ; M. D. Dyar ; P. L. King ; N. Lanza ; N. Mangold ; P. Meslin ; H. Newsom ; S. Schröder ; S. Rowland ; J. Johnson ; L. Edgar ; O. Gasnault ; O. Forni ; M. Schmidt ; W. Goetz ; K. Stack ; D. Sumner ; M. Fisk ; M. B. MadsenSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets [ 2169-9097 ] ; 2014-09.
Abstract
A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/2013JE004590
Links to Exploration step
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<author><name sortKey="Fisk, M" sort="Fisk, M" uniqKey="Fisk M" first="M." last="Fisk">M. Fisk</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Madsen, M B" sort="Madsen, M B" uniqKey="Madsen M" first="M. B." last="Madsen">M. B. Madsen</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title>
<author><name sortKey="Blaney, D L" sort="Blaney, D L" uniqKey="Blaney D" first="D. L." last="Blaney">D. L. Blaney</name>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Maurice, S" sort="Maurice, S" uniqKey="Maurice S" first="S." last="Maurice">S. Maurice</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Clegg, S M" sort="Clegg, S M" uniqKey="Clegg S" first="S. M." last="Clegg">S. M. Clegg</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Anderson, R B" sort="Anderson, R B" uniqKey="Anderson R" first="R. B." last="Anderson">R. B. Anderson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kah, L C" sort="Kah, L C" uniqKey="Kah L" first="L. C." last="Kah">L. C. Kah</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Le Mouelic, S" sort="Le Mouelic, S" uniqKey="Le Mouelic S" first="S." last="Le Mouélic">S. Le Mouélic</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Ollila, A" sort="Ollila, A" uniqKey="Ollila A" first="A." last="Ollila">A. Ollila</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bridges, N" sort="Bridges, N" uniqKey="Bridges N" first="N." last="Bridges">N. Bridges</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Tokar, R" sort="Tokar, R" uniqKey="Tokar R" first="R." last="Tokar">R. Tokar</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Planetary Science Institute, Arizona, Tucson, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Berger, G" sort="Berger, G" uniqKey="Berger G" first="G." last="Berger">G. Berger</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Bridges, J C" sort="Bridges, J C" uniqKey="Bridges J" first="J. C." last="Bridges">J. C. Bridges</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cousin, A" sort="Cousin, A" uniqKey="Cousin A" first="A." last="Cousin">A. Cousin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Clark, B" sort="Clark, B" uniqKey="Clark B" first="B." last="Clark">B. Clark</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dyar, M D" sort="Dyar, M D" uniqKey="Dyar M" first="M. D." last="Dyar">M. D. Dyar</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="King, P L" sort="King, P L" uniqKey="King P" first="P. L." last="King">P. L. King</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<affiliation><mods:affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Meslin, P" sort="Meslin, P" uniqKey="Meslin P" first="P." last="Meslin">P. Meslin</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Newsom, H" sort="Newsom, H" uniqKey="Newsom H" first="H." last="Newsom">H. Newsom</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Schroder, S" sort="Schroder, S" uniqKey="Schroder S" first="S." last="Schröder">S. Schröder</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rowland, S" sort="Rowland, S" uniqKey="Rowland S" first="S." last="Rowland">S. Rowland</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Johnson, J" sort="Johnson, J" uniqKey="Johnson J" first="J." last="Johnson">J. Johnson</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Edgar, L" sort="Edgar, L" uniqKey="Edgar L" first="L." last="Edgar">L. Edgar</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Gasnault, O" sort="Gasnault, O" uniqKey="Gasnault O" first="O." last="Gasnault">O. Gasnault</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Forni, O" sort="Forni, O" uniqKey="Forni O" first="O." last="Forni">O. Forni</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Schmidt, M" sort="Schmidt, M" uniqKey="Schmidt M" first="M." last="Schmidt">M. Schmidt</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Goetz, W" sort="Goetz, W" uniqKey="Goetz W" first="W." last="Goetz">W. Goetz</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stack, K" sort="Stack, K" uniqKey="Stack K" first="K." last="Stack">K. Stack</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Sumner, D" sort="Sumner, D" uniqKey="Sumner D" first="D." last="Sumner">D. Sumner</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fisk, M" sort="Fisk, M" uniqKey="Fisk M" first="M." last="Fisk">M. Fisk</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madsen, M B" sort="Madsen, M B" uniqKey="Madsen M" first="M. B." last="Madsen">M. B. Madsen</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: PLANETS</title>
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<front><div type="abstract">A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</div>
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<json:item><name>S. Maurice</name>
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<json:item><name>S. M. Clegg</name>
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<json:item><name>R. B. Anderson</name>
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<json:item><name>L. C. Kah</name>
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<json:item><name>A. Ollila</name>
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<json:item><name>N. Bridges</name>
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<json:item><name>R. Tokar</name>
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<json:item><name>G. Berger</name>
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<json:item><name>A. Cousin</name>
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<json:item><name>B. Clark</name>
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<json:item><name>M. D. Dyar</name>
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<json:item><name>P. L. King</name>
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<json:item><name>N. Lanza</name>
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<json:item><name>P.‐Y. Meslin</name>
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<json:item><name>H. Newsom</name>
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<json:item><name>S. Schröder</name>
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<json:item><name>S. Rowland</name>
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<json:item><name>J. Johnson</name>
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<json:item><name>L. Edgar</name>
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<json:item><name>O. Gasnault</name>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>O. Forni</name>
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</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>M. Schmidt</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</json:string>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>W. Goetz</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</json:string>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>K. Stack</name>
<affiliations><json:string>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</json:string>
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<json:item><name>D. Sumner</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>M. Fisk</name>
<affiliations><json:string>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>M. B. Madsen</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>Rocknest</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>ChemCam</value>
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<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>LIBS</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>Curiosity</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>Gale</value>
</json:item>
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<abstract>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</abstract>
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<title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title>
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<subject><json:item><value>Results from the first 360 Sols of the Mars Science Laboratory Mission: Bradbury Landing through Yellowknife Bay</value>
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<json:item><value>GEOCHEMISTRY</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Planetary geochemistry</value>
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<json:item><value>Major and trace element geochemistry</value>
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<json:item><value>MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</value>
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<json:item><value>Planetary mineralogy and petrology</value>
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<json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: ASTROBIOLOGY</value>
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<json:item><value>Hydrothermal systems and weathering on other planets</value>
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<json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</value>
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<json:item><value>Atmospheres</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Composition</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: FLUID PLANETS</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Atmospheres</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Composition</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: COMETS AND SMALL BODIES</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Atmospheres</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>Composition</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><value>PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</value>
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<json:item><value>Mars</value>
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<publicationDate>2014</publicationDate>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title>
<title level="a" type="short">ROCKNEST CHEMISTRY AND TEXTURE</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">D. L.</forename>
<surname>Blaney</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Jet Propulsion Laboratory</orgName>
<orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Pasadena</settlement>
<region>California</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney, diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">R. C.</forename>
<surname>Wiens</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename>
<surname>Maurice</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">S. M.</forename>
<surname>Clegg</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">R. B.</forename>
<surname>Anderson</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Flagstaff</settlement>
<region>Arizona</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">L. C.</forename>
<surname>Kah</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Earth and Planetary Sciences</orgName>
<orgName>University of Tennessee, Knoxville</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Knoxville</settlement>
<region>Tennessee</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename>
<surname>Le Mouélic</surname>
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<affiliation><orgName>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename>
<surname>Ollila</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Institute of Meteoritics</orgName>
<orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Albuquerque</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename>
<surname>Bridges</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Laurel</settlement>
<region>Maryland</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename>
<surname>Tokar</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Planetary Science Institute</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Tucson</settlement>
<region>Arizona</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename>
<surname>Berger</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">J. C.</forename>
<surname>Bridges</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy</orgName>
<orgName>University of Leicester</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Leicester</settlement>
<country key="GB">UK</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename>
<surname>Cousin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename>
<surname>Clark</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Space Science Institute</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Boulder</settlement>
<region>Colorado</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">M. D.</forename>
<surname>Dyar</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Department of Astronomy</orgName>
<orgName>Mount Holyoke College</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">South Hadley</settlement>
<region>Massachusetts</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">P. L.</forename>
<surname>King</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Research School of Earth Sciences</orgName>
<orgName>Australia National University</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Canberra</settlement>
<region>ACT</region>
<country key="AU">Australia</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename>
<surname>Lanza</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Los Alamos National Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Los Alamos</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename>
<surname>Mangold</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Nantes</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0018"><persName><forename type="first">P.‐Y.</forename>
<surname>Meslin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0019"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename>
<surname>Newsom</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Institute of Meteoritics</orgName>
<orgName>University of New Mexico</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Albuquerque</settlement>
<region>New Mexico</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0020"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename>
<surname>Schröder</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0021"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename>
<surname>Rowland</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>SOEST</orgName>
<orgName>University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Honolulu</settlement>
<region>Hawaii</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0022"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Laurel</settlement>
<region>Maryland</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0023"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename>
<surname>Edgar</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>School of Earth and Space Exploration</orgName>
<orgName>Arizona State University</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Tempe</settlement>
<region>Arizona</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0024"><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename>
<surname>Gasnault</surname>
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<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0025"><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename>
<surname>Forni</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie</orgName>
<orgName>Université Paul Sabatier</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Toulouse</settlement>
<country key="FR">France</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0026"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename>
<surname>Schmidt</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Department of Earth Sciences</orgName>
<orgName>Brock University</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">St. Catharines</settlement>
<region>Ontario</region>
<country key="CA">Canada</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0027"><persName><forename type="first">W.</forename>
<surname>Goetz</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Katlenburg‐Lindau</settlement>
<country key="DE">Germany</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0028"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename>
<surname>Stack</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>California Institute of Technology</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Pasadena</settlement>
<region>California</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0029"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename>
<surname>Sumner</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName>Department of Geology</orgName>
<orgName>University of California</orgName>
<address><settlement type="city">Davis</settlement>
<region>California</region>
<country key="US">USA</country>
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<p>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeO<hi rend="subscript">T</hi>
, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeO<hi rend="subscript">T</hi>
. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</p>
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<p><list xml:id="jgre20297-list-0001" style="bulleted"><item>Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistry</item>
<item>Rocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apart</item>
<item>They may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</item>
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<supportingInformation xml:id="jgre20297-supinf-0001"><supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0001"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0001-ReadMe"></mediaResource>
<caption>Readme</caption>
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<caption>Table S1</caption>
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<caption>Figure S1</caption>
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<caption>Figure S2</caption>
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<supportingInfoItem xml:id="jgre20297-supitem-0005"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="image/tiff" rendition="webOriginal" href="urn-x:wiley:21699097:media:jgre20297:jgre20297-sup-0005-FigureS3_part3_Blaneyetal"></mediaResource>
<caption>Figure S3</caption>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeO<sub>T</sub>
, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeO<sub>T</sub>
. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title>
<p><list style="bulleted" xml:id="jgre20297-list-0001"><listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0001">Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistry</listItem>
<listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0002">Rocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apart</listItem>
<listItem xml:id="jgre20297-li-0003">They may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</listItem>
</list>
</p>
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<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title>
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<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>ROCKNEST CHEMISTRY AND TEXTURE</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration</title>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Blaney</namePart>
<affiliation>Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</affiliation>
<affiliation>Correspondence to: D. L. Blaney,</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: diana.l.blaney@jpl.nasa.gov</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. C.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Wiens</namePart>
<affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Maurice</namePart>
<affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. M.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Clegg</namePart>
<affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. B.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Anderson</namePart>
<affiliation>U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Arizona, Flagstaff, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. C.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kah</namePart>
<affiliation>Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Le Mouélic</namePart>
<affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ollila</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bridges</namePart>
<affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tokar</namePart>
<affiliation>Planetary Science Institute, Arizona, Tucson, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Berger</namePart>
<affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. C.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Bridges</namePart>
<affiliation>Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Cousin</namePart>
<affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Clark</namePart>
<affiliation>Space Science Institute, Colorado, Boulder, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. D.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Dyar</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts, South Hadley, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">King</namePart>
<affiliation>Research School of Earth Sciences, Australia National University, ACT, Canberra, Australia</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Lanza</namePart>
<affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, Los Alamos, USA</affiliation>
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</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mangold</namePart>
<affiliation>LPG Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université Nantes, Nantes, France</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.‐Y.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Meslin</namePart>
<affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Newsom</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schröder</namePart>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Rowland</namePart>
<affiliation>SOEST, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hawaii, Honolulu, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart>
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<affiliation>Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Maryland, Laurel, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Edgar</namePart>
<affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Arizona, Tempe, USA</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Gasnault</namePart>
<affiliation>UPS‐OMP; Institute de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Forni</namePart>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Schmidt</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, St. Catharines, Canada</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Goetz</namePart>
<affiliation>Max‐Planck‐Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg‐Lindau, Germany</affiliation>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Stack</namePart>
<affiliation>California Institute of Technology, California, Pasadena, USA</affiliation>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sumner</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Geology, University of California, California, Davis, USA</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Fisk</namePart>
<affiliation>College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Oregon, Corvallis, USA</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. B.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Madsen</namePart>
<affiliation>Niels Bohr Institute, Astrophysics and Planetary Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark</affiliation>
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<edition>Blaney, D. L., et al. (2014), Chemistry and texture of the rocks at Rocknest, Gale Crater: Evidence for sedimentary origin and diagenetic alteration, J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 119, 2109–2131, doi:10.1002/2013JE004590.</edition>
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<abstract>A suite of eight rocks analyzed by the Curiosity Rover while it was stopped at the Rocknest sand ripple shows the greatest chemical divergence of any potentially sedimentary rocks analyzed in the early part of the mission. Relative to average Martian soil and to the stratigraphically lower units encountered as part of the Yellowknife Bay formation, these rocks are significantly depleted in MgO, with a mean of 1.3 wt %, and high in Fe, averaging over 20 wt % FeOT, with values between 15 and 26 wt % FeOT. The variable iron and low magnesium and rock texture make it unlikely that these are igneous rocks. Rock surface textures range from rough to smooth, can be pitted or grooved, and show various degrees of wind erosion. Some rocks display poorly defined layering while others seem to show possible fractures. Narrow vertical voids are present in Rocknest 3, one of the rocks showing the strongest layering. Rocks in the vicinity of Rocknest may have undergone some diagenesis similar to other rocks in the Yellowknife Bay Formation as indicated by the presence of soluble calcium phases. The most reasonable scenario is that fine‐grained sediments, potentially a mixture of feldspar‐rich rocks from Bradbury Rise and normal Martian soil, were lithified together by an iron‐rich cement.</abstract>
<abstract type="short">Rocks show morphologic diversity but similar chemistryRocknest rocks have high Fe and low Mg that sets them apartThey may be fine‐grained sediments with an iron‐rich cement</abstract>
<note type="additional physical form">ReadmeTable S1Figure S1Figure S2Figure S3</note>
<note type="funding">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - No. GO 2288/1‐1; </note>
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<topic>Rocknest</topic>
<topic>ChemCam</topic>
<topic>LIBS</topic>
<topic>Curiosity</topic>
<topic>Gale</topic>
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<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</topic>
<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3672">Planetary mineralogy and petrology</topic>
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<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5220">Hydrothermal systems and weathering on other planets</topic>
<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/5400">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLID SURFACE PLANETS</topic>
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<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6008">Composition</topic>
<topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/6200">PLANETARY SCIENCES: SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS</topic>
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<subject><genre>article-category</genre>
<topic>Research Article</topic>
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<identifier type="ISSN">2169-9097</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">2169-9100</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9100</identifier>
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<part><date>2014</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>119</number>
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<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>9</number>
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<identifier type="DOI">10.1002/2013JE004590</identifier>
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<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.©2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</accessCondition>
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