Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data
Identifieur interne : 002500 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002499; suivant : 002501Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data
Auteurs : K. M. Meiners ; M. Vancoppenolle ; S. Thanassekos ; G. S. Dieckmann ; D. N. Thomas ; J. Tison ; K. R. Arrigo ; D. L. Garrison ; A. Mcminn ; D. Lannuzel ; P. Van Der Merwe ; K. M. Swadling ; W. O. Smith Jr. ; I. Melnikov ; B. RaymondSource :
- Geophysical Research Letters [ 0094-8276 ] ; 2012-11.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Ackley, Algal, Algal biomass, Algal distribution, Antarctic, Antarctic climate, Antarctic marine, Arrigo, Assemblage type, Australian antarctic division, Auxiliary material, Biomass, Bottom communities, Bottom layers, Brine, Chlorophyll, Core data, Core length, Core length categories, Core length class, Core sections, Dataset, Dieckmann, Early spring, Eumetsat osisaf, Geophys, Indian sector, Interior communities, Marine science, National science foundation, Ocean sciences, Physical aspect climatology, Primary production, Profile shape, Regional differences, Relative contribution, Research centre, Scientific committee, Seasonal cycle, Snow loading, Southern ocean, Standard deviation, Surface communities, Thickness distribution, Total biomass, Vertical distribution, Weddell, Weddell seas, West weddell, Western weddell, Worby.
- Teeft :
- Ackley, Algal, Algal biomass, Algal distribution, Antarctic, Antarctic climate, Antarctic marine, Arrigo, Assemblage type, Australian antarctic division, Auxiliary material, Biomass, Bottom communities, Bottom layers, Brine, Chlorophyll, Core data, Core length, Core length categories, Core length class, Core sections, Dataset, Dieckmann, Early spring, Eumetsat osisaf, Geophys, Indian sector, Interior communities, Marine science, National science foundation, Ocean sciences, Physical aspect climatology, Primary production, Profile shape, Regional differences, Relative contribution, Research centre, Scientific committee, Seasonal cycle, Snow loading, Southern ocean, Standard deviation, Surface communities, Thickness distribution, Total biomass, Vertical distribution, Weddell, Weddell seas, West weddell, Western weddell, Worby.
Abstract
Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll apeaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053478
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76Le document en format XML
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Meiners</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vancoppenolle, M" sort="Vancoppenolle, M" uniqKey="Vancoppenolle M" first="M." last="Vancoppenolle">M. 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M." last="Meiners">K. M. Meiners</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vancoppenolle, M" sort="Vancoppenolle, M" uniqKey="Vancoppenolle M" first="M." last="Vancoppenolle">M. Vancoppenolle</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thanassekos, S" sort="Thanassekos, S" uniqKey="Thanassekos S" first="S." last="Thanassekos">S. Thanassekos</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dieckmann, G S" sort="Dieckmann, G S" uniqKey="Dieckmann G" first="G. S." last="Dieckmann">G. S. Dieckmann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, D N" sort="Thomas, D N" uniqKey="Thomas D" first="D. N." last="Thomas">D. N. Thomas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tison, J" sort="Tison, J" uniqKey="Tison J" first="J." last="Tison">J. Tison</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arrigo, K R" sort="Arrigo, K R" uniqKey="Arrigo K" first="K. R." last="Arrigo">K. R. Arrigo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garrison, D L" sort="Garrison, D L" uniqKey="Garrison D" first="D. L." last="Garrison">D. L. Garrison</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcminn, A" sort="Mcminn, A" uniqKey="Mcminn A" first="A." last="Mcminn">A. Mcminn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lannuzel, D" sort="Lannuzel, D" uniqKey="Lannuzel D" first="D." last="Lannuzel">D. Lannuzel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Merwe, P" sort="Van Der Merwe, P" uniqKey="Van Der Merwe P" first="P." last="Van Der Merwe">P. Van Der Merwe</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swadling, K M" sort="Swadling, K M" uniqKey="Swadling K" first="K. M." last="Swadling">K. M. Swadling</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith Jr, W O" sort="Smith Jr, W O" uniqKey="Smith Jr W" first="W. O." last="Smith Jr.">W. O. Smith Jr.</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melnikov, I" sort="Melnikov, I" uniqKey="Melnikov I" first="I." last="Melnikov">I. Melnikov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raymond, B" sort="Raymond, B" uniqKey="Raymond B" first="B." last="Raymond">B. Raymond</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Geophysical Research Letters</title><title level="j" type="alt">GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS</title><idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-8007</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2012-11">2012-11</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0094-8276</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Ackley</term><term>Algal</term><term>Algal biomass</term><term>Algal distribution</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic climate</term><term>Antarctic marine</term><term>Arrigo</term><term>Assemblage type</term><term>Australian antarctic division</term><term>Auxiliary material</term><term>Biomass</term><term>Bottom communities</term><term>Bottom layers</term><term>Brine</term><term>Chlorophyll</term><term>Core data</term><term>Core length</term><term>Core length categories</term><term>Core length class</term><term>Core sections</term><term>Dataset</term><term>Dieckmann</term><term>Early spring</term><term>Eumetsat osisaf</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Indian sector</term><term>Interior communities</term><term>Marine science</term><term>National science foundation</term><term>Ocean sciences</term><term>Physical aspect climatology</term><term>Primary production</term><term>Profile shape</term><term>Regional differences</term><term>Relative contribution</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Scientific committee</term><term>Seasonal cycle</term><term>Snow loading</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>Surface communities</term><term>Thickness distribution</term><term>Total biomass</term><term>Vertical distribution</term><term>Weddell</term><term>Weddell seas</term><term>West weddell</term><term>Western weddell</term><term>Worby</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Ackley</term><term>Algal</term><term>Algal biomass</term><term>Algal distribution</term><term>Antarctic</term><term>Antarctic climate</term><term>Antarctic marine</term><term>Arrigo</term><term>Assemblage type</term><term>Australian antarctic division</term><term>Auxiliary material</term><term>Biomass</term><term>Bottom communities</term><term>Bottom layers</term><term>Brine</term><term>Chlorophyll</term><term>Core data</term><term>Core length</term><term>Core length categories</term><term>Core length class</term><term>Core sections</term><term>Dataset</term><term>Dieckmann</term><term>Early spring</term><term>Eumetsat osisaf</term><term>Geophys</term><term>Indian sector</term><term>Interior communities</term><term>Marine science</term><term>National science foundation</term><term>Ocean sciences</term><term>Physical aspect climatology</term><term>Primary production</term><term>Profile shape</term><term>Regional differences</term><term>Relative contribution</term><term>Research centre</term><term>Scientific committee</term><term>Seasonal cycle</term><term>Snow loading</term><term>Southern ocean</term><term>Standard deviation</term><term>Surface communities</term><term>Thickness distribution</term><term>Total biomass</term><term>Vertical distribution</term><term>Weddell</term><term>Weddell seas</term><term>West weddell</term><term>Western weddell</term><term>Worby</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll apeaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>antarctic</json:string><json:string>algal</json:string><json:string>biomass</json:string><json:string>vertical distribution</json:string><json:string>chlorophyll</json:string><json:string>arrigo</json:string><json:string>weddell</json:string><json:string>dataset</json:string><json:string>algal biomass</json:string><json:string>dieckmann</json:string><json:string>brine</json:string><json:string>geophys</json:string><json:string>worby</json:string><json:string>ackley</json:string><json:string>seasonal cycle</json:string><json:string>core sections</json:string><json:string>surface communities</json:string><json:string>algal distribution</json:string><json:string>southern ocean</json:string><json:string>standard deviation</json:string><json:string>bottom communities</json:string><json:string>core data</json:string><json:string>scientific committee</json:string><json:string>snow loading</json:string><json:string>interior communities</json:string><json:string>auxiliary material</json:string><json:string>thickness distribution</json:string><json:string>antarctic climate</json:string><json:string>australian antarctic division</json:string><json:string>research centre</json:string><json:string>weddell seas</json:string><json:string>marine science</json:string><json:string>antarctic marine</json:string><json:string>ocean sciences</json:string><json:string>profile shape</json:string><json:string>core length categories</json:string><json:string>indian sector</json:string><json:string>core length</json:string><json:string>west weddell</json:string><json:string>national science foundation</json:string><json:string>early spring</json:string><json:string>assemblage type</json:string><json:string>total biomass</json:string><json:string>relative contribution</json:string><json:string>physical aspect climatology</json:string><json:string>eumetsat osisaf</json:string><json:string>regional differences</json:string><json:string>bottom layers</json:string><json:string>core length class</json:string><json:string>primary production</json:string><json:string>western weddell</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>K. M. Meiners</name><affiliations><json:string>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</json:string><json:string>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Vancoppenolle</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Thanassekos</name><affiliations><json:string>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. S. Dieckmann</name><affiliations><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. N. Thomas</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK</json:string><json:string>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland</json:string><json:string>Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.‐L. Tison</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. R. Arrigo</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. L. Garrison</name><affiliations><json:string>Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. McMinn</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Lannuzel</name><affiliations><json:string>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. van der Merwe</name><affiliations><json:string>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. M. Swadling</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. O. Smith Jr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. Melnikov</name><affiliations><json:string>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Raymond</name><affiliations><json:string>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Antarctica</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>algae</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>biomass</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>chlorophyll a</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sea ice</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2012GL053478</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-0N9QTK5W-Z</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll apeaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (>0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.626</score><pdfWordCount>3862</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>24508</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>5</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>591.817 x 807.08 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>147</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>980</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>5</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Geophysical Research Letters</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0094-8276</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1944-8007</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>GRL</json:string></publisherId><volume>39</volume><issue>21</issue><pages><first>n/a</first><last>n/a</last><total>5</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>BIOGEOSCIENCES</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Data sets</value></json:item><json:item><value>Estuarine and nearshore processes</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>CRYOSPHERE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Sea ice</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemistry</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemistry</value></json:item><json:item><value>GLOBAL CHANGE</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Estuarine processes</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</value></json:item><json:item><value>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</value></json:item><json:item><value>Oceans</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2012</json:string><json:string>1983</json:string></date><geogName><json:string>Sea Ice Chl</json:string><json:string>Weddell Seas</json:string><json:string>Ocean Sciences</json:string><json:string>Sea Ice Processes</json:string></geogName><orgName><json:string>National Science Foundation</json:string><json:string>National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA</json:string><json:string>Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre</json:string><json:string>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary</json:string><json:string>Scientific Committee on Ocean Research</json:string><json:string>Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</json:string><json:string>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland</json:string><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies</json:string><json:string>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</json:string><json:string>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science</json:string><json:string>Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research</json:string><json:string>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</json:string><json:string>American Geophysical Union</json:string><json:string>Bangor University</json:string><json:string>Aarhus University</json:string><json:string>Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities</json:string><json:string>EUMETSAT OSISAF</json:string><json:string>SCAR</json:string><json:string>University of Tasmania</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>P. van der Merwe</json:string><json:string>K. R. Arrigo</json:string><json:string>Map</json:string><json:string>Pacific Ross</json:string><json:string>K. M. Meiners</json:string><json:string>Maksym</json:string><json:string>S. Thanassekos</json:string><json:string>D. Lannuzel</json:string><json:string>L. Tison</json:string><json:string>O. Smith</json:string><json:string>Markus</json:string><json:string>S. Dieckmann</json:string><json:string>K. M. Swadling</json:string><json:string>D. L. Garrison</json:string><json:string>A. McMinn</json:string><json:string>B. Raymond</json:string><json:string>D. N. Thomas</json:string><json:string>I. Melnikov</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Paris</json:string><json:string>Germany</json:string><json:string>Australia</json:string><json:string>UK</json:string><json:string>Brussels</json:string><json:string>Gloucester</json:string><json:string>Denmark</json:string><json:string>France</json:string><json:string>Bremerhaven</json:string><json:string>Belgium</json:string><json:string>Hobart</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Garrison et al., 1983</json:string><json:string>[4]</json:string><json:string>Lannuzel et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>[2010]</json:string><json:string>[2008]</json:string><json:string>[6]</json:string><json:string>Ackley et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Worby et al. [2008]</json:string><json:string>Kalnay et al., 1996</json:string><json:string>[11]</json:string><json:string>Vancoppenolle et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>[8]</json:string><json:string>Fritsen et al., 1994</json:string><json:string>Vancoppenolle et al. [2011]</json:string><json:string>Tison et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Dieckmann et al. [1998]</json:string><json:string>Worby et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>HolmHansen et al., 1965</json:string><json:string>Saenz and Arrigo, 2012</json:string><json:string>[5]</json:string><json:string>Dieckmann et al., 1998</json:string><json:string>Atkinson et al., 2004</json:string><json:string>Vancoppenolle et al. 2010</json:string><json:string>Arzel et al., 2006</json:string><json:string>[7]</json:string><json:string>Arrigo et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>[14]</json:string><json:string>[9]</json:string><json:string>[2]</json:string><json:string>Legendre et al., 1992</json:string><json:string>Thomas and Dieckmann, 2010</json:string><json:string>Evans et al., 1987</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-0N9QTK5W-Z</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - geosciences, multidisciplinary</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - earth & environmental sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - meteorology & atmospheric sciences</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Earth and Planetary Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - General Earth and Planetary Sciences</json:string><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Earth and Planetary Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Geophysics</json:string></scopus></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1029/2012GL053478</json:string></doi><id>C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Chlorophyll <hi rend="italic">a</hi> in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2012-11"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Chlorophyll <hi rend="italic">a</hi> in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title><title level="a" type="short">CHLOROPHYLL IN ANTARCTIC SEA ICE</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">K. M.</forename><surname>Meiners</surname></persName><email>klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</email><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Corresponding author: K. M. Meiners, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia. (klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au)</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Vancoppenolle</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France<address><country key="FR"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Thanassekos</surname></persName><affiliation>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">G. S.</forename><surname>Dieckmann</surname></persName><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany<address><country key="DE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">D. N.</forename><surname>Thomas</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK<address><country key="GB"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland<address><country key="FI"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark<address><country key="DK"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">J.‐L.</forename><surname>Tison</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium<address><country key="BE"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">K. R.</forename><surname>Arrigo</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">D. L.</forename><surname>Garrison</surname></persName><affiliation>Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>McMinn</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Lannuzel</surname></persName><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">P.</forename><surname>Merwe</surname></persName><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">K. M.</forename><surname>Swadling</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><genName>Jr.</genName><forename type="first">W. O.</forename><surname>Smith</surname></persName><affiliation>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">I.</forename><surname>Melnikov</surname></persName><affiliation>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia<address><country key="RU"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Raymond</surname></persName><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia<address><country key="AU"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-0N9QTK5W-Z</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2012GL053478</idno><idno type="editorialOffice">2012GL053478</idno><idno type="society">L21602</idno><idno type="unit">GRL29738</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:GRL.GRL29738.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Geophysical Research Letters</title><title level="j" type="alt">GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS</title><idno type="pISSN">0094-8276</idno><idno type="eISSN">1944-8007</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/grl.v39.21</idno><idno type="product">GRL</idno><idno type="coden">GPRLAJ</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">5</biblScope><date type="published" when="2012-11"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main"><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0004">Sea ice core chlorophyll <hi rend="italic">a</hi> data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll <hi rend="italic">a</hi>peaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><head>Key Points</head><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0005"><list style="bulleted"><item>Antarctic sea ice chlorophyll a shows maxima in early spring and late summer</item><item>Surface, internal and bottom ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass</item><item>The vertical distribution of chlorophyll a critically depends on ice thickness</item></list></p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0001">Antarctica</term><term xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0002">algae</term><term xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0003">biomass</term><term xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0004">chlorophyll <hi rend="italic">a</hi></term><term xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0005">sea ice</term></keywords><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</classCode><classCode scheme="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</classCode><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Oceans</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Oceans</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="grl29738"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</doi><issn type="print">0094-8276</issn><issn type="electronic">1944-8007</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="GRL"></id><id type="coden" value="GPRLAJ"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS">Geophysical Research Letters</title><title type="short">Geophys. Res. Lett.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="210"><doi>10.1002/grl.v39.21</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="39">39</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">21</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-11">November 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="250" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2012GL053478</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2012GL053478"></id><id type="society" value="L21602"></id><id type="unit" value="GRL29738"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="5"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Oceans</title><title type="tocHeading1">Oceans</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2012-08-05"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2012-09-20"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2012-09-20"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-11-10"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-11-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv5.2_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.3; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0" date="2012-12-22"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.2.9 mode:FullText" date="2014-01-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-24"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Corresponding author: K. M. Meiners, Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia. (<email>klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</email>)</correspondenceTo><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0434">Data sets</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0442">Estuarine and nearshore processes</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0750">Sea ice</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4235">Estuarine processes</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="grl29738-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Meiners</familyName>, <givenNames>K. M.</givenNames></author>, et al. (<pubYear year="2012">2012</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Chlorophyll <i>a</i> in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>Geophys. Res. Lett.</journalTitle>, <vol>39</vol>, L21602, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2012GL053478">10.1029/2012GL053478</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:GRL.GRL29738.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="4200"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Chlorophyll <i>a</i> in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title><title type="shortAuthors">MEINERS ET AL.</title><title type="short">CHLOROPHYLL IN ANTARCTIC SEA ICE</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0001 #grl29738-aff-0002" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>K. M.</givenNames><familyName>Meiners</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames><familyName>Vancoppenolle</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>S.</givenNames><familyName>Thanassekos</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>G. S.</givenNames><familyName>Dieckmann</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0005" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0006 #grl29738-aff-0007 #grl29738-aff-0014"><personName><givenNames>D. N.</givenNames><familyName>Thomas</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0006" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0008"><personName><givenNames>J.‐L.</givenNames><familyName>Tison</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0007" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0009"><personName><givenNames>K. R.</givenNames><familyName>Arrigo</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0008" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0010"><personName><givenNames>D. L.</givenNames><familyName>Garrison</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0009" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0011"><personName><givenNames>A.</givenNames><familyName>McMinn</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0010" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0002 #grl29738-aff-0011"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames><familyName>Lannuzel</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0011" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0002 #grl29738-aff-0011"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyNamePrefix>van der</familyNamePrefix><familyName>Merwe</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0012" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0011"><personName><givenNames>K. M.</givenNames><familyName>Swadling</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0013" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0012"><personName><givenNames>W. O.</givenNames><familyName>Smith</familyName><nameSuffix>Jr.</nameSuffix></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0014" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0013"><personName><givenNames>I.</givenNames><familyName>Melnikov</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="grl29738-cr-0015" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#grl29738-aff-0001 #grl29738-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Raymond</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0001" countryCode="AU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0002" countryCode="AU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0003" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0004" countryCode="AU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0005" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0006" countryCode="GB" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0007" countryCode="FI" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0008" countryCode="BE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0009" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0010" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0011" countryCode="AU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0012" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0013" countryCode="RU" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="grl29738-aff-0014" countryCode="DK" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0001">Antarctica</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0002">algae</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0003">biomass</keyword><keyword xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0004">chlorophyll <i>a</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="grl29738-kwd-0005">sea ice</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation xml:id="grl29738-sup-0000"><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0001">Auxiliary material for this article contains a text file with a table of voyages compiled in the ASPeCt – Bio database, a figure with three example cores from the Weddell Sea, and a figure of mean normalized chl‐a profiles.</p><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0002">Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac).</p><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0003">Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0001-readme"></mediaResource><caption>readme.txt</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem xml:id="grl29738-sup-0001"><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/msword" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0002-txts01"></mediaResource><caption>Text S1. Description of methods used to create <link href="#grl29738-fig-0001">Figures 1</link> and <link href="#grl29738-fig-0003">3</link>, with Table S1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0003-fs01"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S1. Three example cores from the Weddell Sea.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="application/postscript" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0004-fs02"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S2. Mean normalized chl‐a profiles for the complete dataset, profiles classified as surface type, profiles classified as internal type, and profiles classified as bottom type.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0005-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:00948276:media:grl29738:grl29738-sup-0006-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0004" label="1">Sea ice core chlorophyll <i>a</i> data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll <i>a</i>peaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p xml:id="grl29738-para-0005"><list style="bulleted"><listItem>Antarctic sea ice chlorophyll a shows maxima in early spring and late summer</listItem><listItem>Surface, internal and bottom ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass</listItem><listItem>The vertical distribution of chlorophyll a critically depends on ice thickness</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>CHLOROPHYLL IN ANTARCTIC SEA ICE</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Meiners</namePart><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: klaus.meiners@aad.gov.au</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vancoppenolle</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat (CNRS/UPMC/IRD/MNHN), IPSL, Paris, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thanassekos</namePart><affiliation>Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dieckmann</namePart><affiliation>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Science, Bremerhaven, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomas</namePart><affiliation>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Anglesey, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland</affiliation><affiliation>Arctic Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.‐L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tison</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Arrigo</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Garrison</namePart><affiliation>Biological Oceanography Program, Division of Ocean Sciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Virginia, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">McMinn</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lannuzel</namePart><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">van der Merwe</namePart><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Swadling</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W. O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith Jr.</namePart><affiliation>Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Melnikov</namePart><affiliation>P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Raymond</namePart><affiliation>Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><affiliation>Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-11</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-08-05</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-09-20</dateValid><edition>Meiners, K. M., et al. (2012), Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L21602, doi:10.1029/2012GL053478.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="words">4200</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll apeaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum‐Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associated with thin ice (<0.4 m), and ice of moderate thickness (0.4–1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.</abstract><abstract type="short">Antarctic sea ice chlorophyll a shows maxima in early spring and late summer Surface, internal and bottom ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass The vertical distribution of chlorophyll a critically depends on ice thickness</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Antarctica</topic><topic>algae</topic><topic>biomass</topic><topic>chlorophyll a</topic><topic>sea ice</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Geophysical Research Letters</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Geophys. Res. Lett.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><note type="content"> Auxiliary material for this article contains a text file with a table of voyages compiled in the ASPeCt – Bio database, a figure with three example cores from the Weddell Sea, and a figure of mean normalized chl‐a profiles. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains a text file with a table of voyages compiled in the ASPeCt – Bio database, a figure with three example cores from the Weddell Sea, and a figure of mean normalized chl‐a profiles. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains a text file with a table of voyages compiled in the ASPeCt – Bio database, a figure with three example cores from the Weddell Sea, and a figure of mean normalized chl‐a profiles. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.Supporting Info Item: readme.txt - Text S1. Description of methods used to create and , with Table S1. - Figure S1. Three example cores from the Weddell Sea. - Figure S2. Mean normalized chl‐a profiles for the complete dataset, profiles classified as surface type, profiles classified as internal type, and profiles classified as bottom type. - Tab‐delimited Table 1. - Tab‐delimited Table 2. - </note><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0434">Data sets</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0442">Estuarine and nearshore processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0750">Sea ice</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4235">Estuarine processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Oceans</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0094-8276</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1944-8007</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">GPRLAJ</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GRL</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>5</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C7867B31907A9DE9C8AEEA1C18634636EAC1EB76</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-0N9QTK5W-Z</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2012GL053478</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2012GL053478</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2012. 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