Aggregation and species coexistence of ectoparasites of marine fishes
Identifieur interne : 001C95 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001C94; suivant : 001C96Aggregation and species coexistence of ectoparasites of marine fishes
Auteurs : Serge Morand ; Robert Poulin ; Klaus Rohde ; Craig HaywardSource :
- International Journal for Parasitology [ 0020-7519 ] ; 1999.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aggregated, Aggregated utilisation, Aggregation, Aggregation model, Body size, Chicago press, Community ecology, Comparative analysis, Component community parasite species richness, Component parasite species richness, Component species richness, Curvilinear relationship, Ecol, Ecological communities, Ecology, Ectoparasite, Ectoparasite communities, Ectoparasite species richness, Fragmented resources, Gill, Gill parasites, Helminth, Host phylogeny, Independent contrasts, Infracommunity, Infracommunity parasite species richness, Infracommunity species richness, Ives, Local species richness, Mate location, Maximum infracommunity parasite species richness, Morand, Negative aggregation, Niche, Niche restriction, Parasite, Parasite abundance, Parasite aggregation, Parasite communities, Parasite species, Parasite species richness, Parasitology, Phylogeny, Positive relationship, Poulin, Relative strength, Richness, Rohde, Shes, Species coexistence, Species diversity, Species richness.
- Teeft :
- Aggregated, Aggregated utilisation, Aggregation, Aggregation model, Body size, Chicago press, Community ecology, Comparative analysis, Component community parasite species richness, Component parasite species richness, Component species richness, Curvilinear relationship, Ecol, Ecological communities, Ecology, Ectoparasite, Ectoparasite communities, Ectoparasite species richness, Fragmented resources, Gill, Gill parasites, Helminth, Host phylogeny, Independent contrasts, Infracommunity, Infracommunity parasite species richness, Infracommunity species richness, Ives, Local species richness, Mate location, Maximum infracommunity parasite species richness, Morand, Negative aggregation, Niche, Niche restriction, Parasite, Parasite abundance, Parasite aggregation, Parasite communities, Parasite species, Parasite species richness, Parasitology, Phylogeny, Positive relationship, Poulin, Relative strength, Richness, Rohde, Shes, Species coexistence, Species diversity, Species richness.
Abstract
Abstract: Interspecific interaction may lead to species exclusion but there are several ways in which species can coexist. One way is by reducing the overall intensity of competition via aggregated utilisation of fragmented resources. Known as the `aggregation model of coexistence', this system assumes saturation and an equilibrium number of species per community. In this study we tested the effects of interspecific aggregation on the level of intraspecific aggregation among ectoparasites of marine fishes (36 communities of gill and head ectoparasite species). If parasite species are distributed in a way that interspecific aggregation is reduced relative to intraspecific aggregation then species coexistence is facilitated. We found a positive relationship between parasite species richness and fish body size, controlling for host phylogeny. A positive relationship between infracommunity species richness and total parasite species richness was also found, providing no evidence for saturation. This result supports the view that infracommunities of parasites are not saturated by local parasite residents. The observed lack of saturation implies that we are far from a full exploitation of the fish resource by parasites. Ectoparasites were aggregated at both population and species levels. However, only half of the ectoparasite communities were dominated by negative interspecific aggregation. We found that infracommunity parasite species richness was positively correlated with the level of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation. This means that intraspecific aggregation increases compared with interspecific aggregation when total parasite species richness increases, controlling fish size and phylogeny. This supports one assumption of the `aggregation model of coexistence', which predicts that interspecific interactions are reduced relative to intraspecific interactions, facilitating species coexistence.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00029-6
Links to Exploration step
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Interspecific interaction may lead to species exclusion but there are several ways in which species can coexist. One way is by reducing the overall intensity of competition via aggregated utilisation of fragmented resources. Known as the `aggregation model of coexistence', this system assumes saturation and an equilibrium number of species per community. In this study we tested the effects of interspecific aggregation on the level of intraspecific aggregation among ectoparasites of marine fishes (36 communities of gill and head ectoparasite species). If parasite species are distributed in a way that interspecific aggregation is reduced relative to intraspecific aggregation then species coexistence is facilitated. We found a positive relationship between parasite species richness and fish body size, controlling for host phylogeny. A positive relationship between infracommunity species richness and total parasite species richness was also found, providing no evidence for saturation. This result supports the view that infracommunities of parasites are not saturated by local parasite residents. The observed lack of saturation implies that we are far from a full exploitation of the fish resource by parasites. Ectoparasites were aggregated at both population and species levels. However, only half of the ectoparasite communities were dominated by negative interspecific aggregation. We found that infracommunity parasite species richness was positively correlated with the level of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation. This means that intraspecific aggregation increases compared with interspecific aggregation when total parasite species richness increases, controlling fish size and phylogeny. This supports one assumption of the `aggregation model of coexistence', which predicts that interspecific interactions are reduced relative to intraspecific interactions, facilitating species coexistence.</div>
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<notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Relationships between contrasts in fish body size and (A) contrasts in ectoparasite species richness and (B) contrasts in ectoparasite abundance. Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 2: Relationships between component ectoparasite species richness and maximum infracommunity parasite species richness using cross-species values. A curvilinear relationship is found when using all 36 communities (Y= −4.815+4.87×ln(X); P<0.0001, R2=0.69), whereas a linear relationship gives the best fit when the upper right point is removed (Y=0.057+0.623×X; P<0.0001, R2=0.74).</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 3: Relationships between component ectoparasite species richness and maximum infracommunity parasite species richness (A) and mean infracommunity species richness (B). Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: Frequency distributions of (A) mean intraspecific aggregations J; (B) mean interspecific aggregation C and (C) the mean relative strength of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation A (in ln) (mean values calculated for each of 36 communities of gills ectoparasites).</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 5: Relationships between interspecific aggregation C (mean values) and component parasite species richness. Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 6: Relationships between contrasts in relative strength of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation (mean value in ln calculated for each of 36 communities of gills ectoparasites) and (A) contrasts in component species richness (B) contrasts in mean infracommunity species richness and (C) contrasts in residuals in mean infracommunity species richness (controlled for fish body size). Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Aggregation and species coexistence of ectoparasites of marine fishes</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Serge</forename>
<surname>Morand</surname>
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<affiliation>Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Méditerranéenne, (U.M.R. 5555 du C.N.R.S.), Université de Perpignan, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France</affiliation>
<affiliation>Corresponding author. Tel: +33 4 68 66 21 87; fax: +33 4 68 66 22 81; e-mail: morand@univ-perp.fr</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Robert</forename>
<surname>Poulin</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Klaus</forename>
<surname>Rohde</surname>
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<affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, Division of Zoology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Craig</forename>
<surname>Hayward</surname>
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<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Interspecific interaction may lead to species exclusion but there are several ways in which species can coexist. One way is by reducing the overall intensity of competition via aggregated utilisation of fragmented resources. Known as the `aggregation model of coexistence', this system assumes saturation and an equilibrium number of species per community. In this study we tested the effects of interspecific aggregation on the level of intraspecific aggregation among ectoparasites of marine fishes (36 communities of gill and head ectoparasite species). If parasite species are distributed in a way that interspecific aggregation is reduced relative to intraspecific aggregation then species coexistence is facilitated. We found a positive relationship between parasite species richness and fish body size, controlling for host phylogeny. A positive relationship between infracommunity species richness and total parasite species richness was also found, providing no evidence for saturation. This result supports the view that infracommunities of parasites are not saturated by local parasite residents. The observed lack of saturation implies that we are far from a full exploitation of the fish resource by parasites. Ectoparasites were aggregated at both population and species levels. However, only half of the ectoparasite communities were dominated by negative interspecific aggregation. We found that infracommunity parasite species richness was positively correlated with the level of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation. This means that intraspecific aggregation increases compared with interspecific aggregation when total parasite species richness increases, controlling fish size and phylogeny. This supports one assumption of the `aggregation model of coexistence', which predicts that interspecific interactions are reduced relative to intraspecific interactions, facilitating species coexistence.</p>
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<item><term>Ectoparasite communities</term>
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<item><term>Species richness</term>
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<item><term>Species coexistence</term>
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<head><ce:title>Aggregation and species coexistence of ectoparasites of marine fishes</ce:title>
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<ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel: +33 4 68 66 21 87; fax: +33 4 68 66 22 81; e-mail: morand@univ-perp.fr</ce:text>
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<ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Interspecific interaction may lead to species exclusion but there are several ways in which species can coexist. One way is by reducing the overall intensity of competition via aggregated utilisation of fragmented resources. Known as the `aggregation model of coexistence', this system assumes saturation and an equilibrium number of species per community. In this study we tested the effects of interspecific aggregation on the level of intraspecific aggregation among ectoparasites of marine fishes (36 communities of gill and head ectoparasite species). If parasite species are distributed in a way that interspecific aggregation is reduced relative to intraspecific aggregation then species coexistence is facilitated. We found a positive relationship between parasite species richness and fish body size, controlling for host phylogeny. A positive relationship between infracommunity species richness and total parasite species richness was also found, providing no evidence for saturation. This result supports the view that infracommunities of parasites are not saturated by local parasite residents. The observed lack of saturation implies that we are far from a full exploitation of the fish resource by parasites. Ectoparasites were aggregated at both population and species levels. However, only half of the ectoparasite communities were dominated by negative interspecific aggregation. We found that infracommunity parasite species richness was positively correlated with the level of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation. This means that intraspecific aggregation increases compared with interspecific aggregation when total parasite species richness increases, controlling fish size and phylogeny. This supports one assumption of the `aggregation model of coexistence', which predicts that interspecific interactions are reduced relative to intraspecific interactions, facilitating species coexistence.</ce:simple-para>
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<ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>Ectoparasite communities</ce:text>
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<ce:keyword><ce:text>Fish</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>Species richness</ce:text>
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<ce:keyword><ce:text>Species coexistence</ce:text>
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<ce:keyword><ce:text>Interspecific aggregation</ce:text>
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<abstract lang="en">Abstract: Interspecific interaction may lead to species exclusion but there are several ways in which species can coexist. One way is by reducing the overall intensity of competition via aggregated utilisation of fragmented resources. Known as the `aggregation model of coexistence', this system assumes saturation and an equilibrium number of species per community. In this study we tested the effects of interspecific aggregation on the level of intraspecific aggregation among ectoparasites of marine fishes (36 communities of gill and head ectoparasite species). If parasite species are distributed in a way that interspecific aggregation is reduced relative to intraspecific aggregation then species coexistence is facilitated. We found a positive relationship between parasite species richness and fish body size, controlling for host phylogeny. A positive relationship between infracommunity species richness and total parasite species richness was also found, providing no evidence for saturation. This result supports the view that infracommunities of parasites are not saturated by local parasite residents. The observed lack of saturation implies that we are far from a full exploitation of the fish resource by parasites. Ectoparasites were aggregated at both population and species levels. However, only half of the ectoparasite communities were dominated by negative interspecific aggregation. We found that infracommunity parasite species richness was positively correlated with the level of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation. This means that intraspecific aggregation increases compared with interspecific aggregation when total parasite species richness increases, controlling fish size and phylogeny. This supports one assumption of the `aggregation model of coexistence', which predicts that interspecific interactions are reduced relative to intraspecific interactions, facilitating species coexistence.</abstract>
<note type="content">Fig. 1: Relationships between contrasts in fish body size and (A) contrasts in ectoparasite species richness and (B) contrasts in ectoparasite abundance. Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 2: Relationships between component ectoparasite species richness and maximum infracommunity parasite species richness using cross-species values. A curvilinear relationship is found when using all 36 communities (Y= −4.815+4.87×ln(X); P<0.0001, R2=0.69), whereas a linear relationship gives the best fit when the upper right point is removed (Y=0.057+0.623×X; P<0.0001, R2=0.74).</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 3: Relationships between component ectoparasite species richness and maximum infracommunity parasite species richness (A) and mean infracommunity species richness (B). Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: Frequency distributions of (A) mean intraspecific aggregations J; (B) mean interspecific aggregation C and (C) the mean relative strength of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation A (in ln) (mean values calculated for each of 36 communities of gills ectoparasites).</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 5: Relationships between interspecific aggregation C (mean values) and component parasite species richness. Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 6: Relationships between contrasts in relative strength of intraspecific aggregation versus interspecific aggregation (mean value in ln calculated for each of 36 communities of gills ectoparasites) and (A) contrasts in component species richness (B) contrasts in mean infracommunity species richness and (C) contrasts in residuals in mean infracommunity species richness (controlled for fish body size). Nineteen contrasts were derived from a phylogeny of 36 marine fish species.</note>
<subject><genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>Ectoparasite communities</topic>
<topic>Fish</topic>
<topic>Species richness</topic>
<topic>Species coexistence</topic>
<topic>Interspecific aggregation</topic>
<topic>Intraspecific aggregation</topic>
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