China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century
Identifieur interne : 001641 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001640; suivant : 001642China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century
Auteurs : Daniel Pauly ; Dyhia Belhabib ; Roland Blomeyer ; William W W L. Cheung ; Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor ; Duncan Copeland ; Sarah Harper ; Vicky W Y. Lam ; Yining Mai ; Frédéric Le Manach ; Henrik Österblom ; Ka Man Mok ; Liesbeth Van Der Meer ; Antonio Sanz ; Soohyun Shon ; U Rashid Sumaila ; Wilf Swartz ; Reg Watson ; Yunlei Zhai ; Dirk ZellerSource :
- Fish and Fisheries [ 1467-2960 ] ; 2014-09.
Abstract
We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year−1 (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year−1) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year−1 reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year−1 (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year−1, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year−1, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year−1, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year−1, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year−1, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.
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DOI: 10.1111/faf.12032
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BC, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osterblom, Henrik" sort="Osterblom, Henrik" uniqKey="Osterblom H" first="Henrik" last="Österblom">Henrik Österblom</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mok, Ka Man" sort="Mok, Ka Man" uniqKey="Mok K" first="Ka Man" last="Mok">Ka Man Mok</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Liesbeth" sort="Van Der Meer, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Van Der Meer L" first="Liesbeth" last="Van Der Meer">Liesbeth Van Der Meer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanz, Antonio" sort="Sanz, Antonio" uniqKey="Sanz A" first="Antonio" last="Sanz">Antonio Sanz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shon, Soohyun" sort="Shon, Soohyun" uniqKey="Shon S" first="Soohyun" last="Shon">Soohyun Shon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumaila, U Rashid" sort="Sumaila, U Rashid" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="U Rashid" last="Sumaila">U Rashid Sumaila</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swartz, Wilf" sort="Swartz, Wilf" uniqKey="Swartz W" first="Wilf" last="Swartz">Wilf Swartz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Reg" sort="Watson, Reg" uniqKey="Watson R" first="Reg" last="Watson">Reg Watson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Taroona, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Yunlei" sort="Zhai, Yunlei" uniqKey="Zhai Y" first="Yunlei" last="Zhai">Yunlei Zhai</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeller, Dirk" sort="Zeller, Dirk" uniqKey="Zeller D" first="Dirk" last="Zeller">Dirk Zeller</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706</idno><date when="2014" year="2014">2014</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/faf.12032</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001641</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001641</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title><author><name sortKey="Pauly, Daniel" sort="Pauly, Daniel" uniqKey="Pauly D" first="Daniel" last="Pauly">Daniel Pauly</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4Tel.: 604 822 1201Fax: 604 822 8934E‐mail:</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belhabib, Dyhia" sort="Belhabib, Dyhia" uniqKey="Belhabib D" first="Dyhia" last="Belhabib">Dyhia Belhabib</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blomeyer, Roland" sort="Blomeyer, Roland" uniqKey="Blomeyer R" first="Roland" last="Blomeyer">Roland Blomeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheung, William W W L" sort="Cheung, William W W L" uniqKey="Cheung W" first="William W W L" last="Cheung">William W W L. Cheung</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cisneros Ontemayor, Andres M" sort="Cisneros Ontemayor, Andres M" uniqKey="Cisneros Ontemayor A" first="Andrés M" last="Cisneros-Montemayor">Andrés M. Cisneros-Montemayor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Copeland, Duncan" sort="Copeland, Duncan" uniqKey="Copeland D" first="Duncan" last="Copeland">Duncan Copeland</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harper, Sarah" sort="Harper, Sarah" uniqKey="Harper S" first="Sarah" last="Harper">Sarah Harper</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lam, Vicky W Y" sort="Lam, Vicky W Y" uniqKey="Lam V" first="Vicky W Y" last="Lam">Vicky W Y. Lam</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mai, Yining" sort="Mai, Yining" uniqKey="Mai Y" first="Yining" last="Mai">Yining Mai</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Manach, Frederic" sort="Le Manach, Frederic" uniqKey="Le Manach F" first="Frédéric" last="Le Manach">Frédéric Le Manach</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osterblom, Henrik" sort="Osterblom, Henrik" uniqKey="Osterblom H" first="Henrik" last="Österblom">Henrik Österblom</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mok, Ka Man" sort="Mok, Ka Man" uniqKey="Mok K" first="Ka Man" last="Mok">Ka Man Mok</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Liesbeth" sort="Van Der Meer, Liesbeth" uniqKey="Van Der Meer L" first="Liesbeth" last="Van Der Meer">Liesbeth Van Der Meer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanz, Antonio" sort="Sanz, Antonio" uniqKey="Sanz A" first="Antonio" last="Sanz">Antonio Sanz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shon, Soohyun" sort="Shon, Soohyun" uniqKey="Shon S" first="Soohyun" last="Shon">Soohyun Shon</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sumaila, U Rashid" sort="Sumaila, U Rashid" uniqKey="Sumaila U" first="U Rashid" last="Sumaila">U Rashid Sumaila</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swartz, Wilf" sort="Swartz, Wilf" uniqKey="Swartz W" first="Wilf" last="Swartz">Wilf Swartz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watson, Reg" sort="Watson, Reg" uniqKey="Watson R" first="Reg" last="Watson">Reg Watson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Taroona, Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhai, Yunlei" sort="Zhai, Yunlei" uniqKey="Zhai Y" first="Yunlei" last="Zhai">Yunlei Zhai</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zeller, Dirk" sort="Zeller, Dirk" uniqKey="Zeller D" first="Dirk" last="Zeller">Dirk Zeller</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Fish and Fisheries</title><title level="j" type="alt">FISH AND FISHERIES</title><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-2979</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="474">474</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="488">488</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">15</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-09">2014-09</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1467-2960</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year−1 (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year−1) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year−1 reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year−1 (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year−1, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year−1, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year−1, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year−1, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year−1, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Daniel Pauly</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string><json:string>Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4Tel.: 604 822 1201Fax: 604 822 8934E‐mail:</json:string><json:string>E-mail: d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dyhia Belhabib</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roland Blomeyer</name><affiliations><json:string>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>William W W L Cheung</name><affiliations><json:string>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Andrés M Cisneros‐Montemayor</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Duncan Copeland</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sarah Harper</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Vicky W Y Lam</name><affiliations><json:string>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</json:string><json:string>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yining Mai</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Frédéric Le Manach</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</json:string><json:string>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Henrik Österblom</name><affiliations><json:string>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm, Sweden</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ka Man Mok</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Liesbeth van der Meer</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Antonio Sanz</name><affiliations><json:string>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Soohyun Shon</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>U Rashid Sumaila</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Wilf Swartz</name><affiliations><json:string>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Reg Watson</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Taroona, Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yunlei Zhai</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dirk Zeller</name><affiliations><json:string>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Control and Surveillance of fisheries</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>distant‐water fishing</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>illegal</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>management</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Monte Carlo method</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>unreported and unregulated (IUU) catch</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>FAF12032</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-61GGW24K-3</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year−1 (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year−1) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year−1 reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year−1 (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year−1, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year−1, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year−1, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year−1, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year−1, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>9.52</score><pdfWordCount>8115</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>50279</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>15</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 805.039 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>210</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1615</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Fish and Fisheries</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1467-2960</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1467-2979</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>FAF</json:string></publisherId><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><pages><first>474</first><last>488</last><total>15</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Original Article</value></json:item></subject></host><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-61GGW24K-3</json:string></ark><publicationDate>2014</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2014</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/faf.12032</json:string></doi><id>771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><licence>© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2014-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title><author xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Daniel</forename><surname>Pauly</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence: Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 Tel.: 604 822 1201 Fax: 604 822 8934 E‐mail: d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Dyhia</forename><surname>Belhabib</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Roland</forename><surname>Blomeyer</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L.</orgName><address><street>Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín</street><settlement type="city">Guadalajara</settlement><postCode>ES‐19163</postCode><country key="ES">Spain</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">William W W L</forename><surname>Cheung</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Changing Ocean Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Andrés M</forename><surname>Cisneros‐Montemayor</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Duncan</forename><surname>Copeland</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Sarah</forename><surname>Harper</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Vicky W Y</forename><surname>Lam</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Changing Ocean Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Yining</forename><surname>Mai</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Frédéric</forename><surname>Manach</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD)</orgName><orgName>UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales</orgName><address><street>Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171</street><settlement type="city">Sète Cedex</settlement><postCode>34203</postCode><country key="FR">France</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Henrik</forename><surname>Österblom</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Stockholm Resilience Centre</orgName><orgName>Stockholm University</orgName><address><street>Kräftriket 2B</street><settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement><country key="SE">Sweden</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">Ka Man</forename><surname>Mok</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">Liesbeth</forename><surname>Meer</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">Antonio</forename><surname>Sanz</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L.</orgName><address><street>Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín</street><settlement type="city">Guadalajara</settlement><postCode>ES‐19163</postCode><country key="ES">Spain</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">Soohyun</forename><surname>Shon</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">U Rashid</forename><surname>Sumaila</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">Wilf</forename><surname>Swartz</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgName><orgName>Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">Reg</forename><surname>Watson</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies</orgName><orgName>University of Tasmania</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Taroona</settlement><region>Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001</region><country key="AU">Australia</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0018"><persName><forename type="first">Yunlei</forename><surname>Zhai</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0019"><persName><forename type="first">Dirk</forename><surname>Zeller</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgName><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><street>2202 Main Mall</street><settlement type="city">Vancouver</settlement><postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode><region>BC</region><country key="CA">Canada</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-61GGW24K-3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/faf.12032</idno><idno type="unit">FAF12032</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:FAF.FAF12032.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Fish and Fisheries</title><title level="j" type="alt">FISH AND FISHERIES</title><idno type="pISSN">1467-2960</idno><idno type="eISSN">1467-2979</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/faf.2014.15.issue-3</idno><idno type="product">FAF</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="474">474</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="488">488</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">15</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-09"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main" xml:id="faf12032-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head><p>We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the <hi rend="fc">P</hi>eople's <hi rend="fc">R</hi>epublic of <hi rend="fc">C</hi>hina for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified <hi rend="fc">M</hi>onte <hi rend="fc">C</hi>arlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that <hi rend="fc">C</hi>hina, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi> (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi> reported by China to <hi rend="fc">FAO</hi>), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi> (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year<hi rend="superscript">−1</hi>, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0001">Control and Surveillance of fisheries</term><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0002">distant‐water fishing</term><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0003">illegal</term><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0004">management</term><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0005"><hi rend="fc">M</hi>onte <hi rend="fc">C</hi>arlo method</term><term xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0006">unreported and unregulated (<hi rend="fc">IUU</hi>) catch</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="faf12032" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</doi><issn type="print">1467-2960</issn><issn type="electronic">1467-2979</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="FAF"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="FISH AND FISHERIES" type="main">Fish and Fisheries</title><title type="short">Fish Fish</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="30"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/faf.2014.15.issue-3</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="15">15</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2014-09">September 2014</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="80" status="forIssue" type="article" accessType="open"><doi>10.1111/faf.12032</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="FAF12032"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="15" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">ORIGINAL ARTICLES</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2012-10-20" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2013-02-20" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2013-03-04" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.3.3 mode:FullText" date="2014-07-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-03-23"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-03-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2014-07-16"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-07"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">474</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">488</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><lineatedText><line><b>Correspondence:</b></line><line>Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4</line><line>Tel.: 604 822 1201</line><line>Fax: 604 822 8934</line><line>E‐mail: <email>d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca</email></line></lineatedText></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:FAF.FAF12032.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title><title type="shortAuthors">D Pauly et al.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Daniel</givenNames> <familyName>Pauly</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Dyhia</givenNames> <familyName>Belhabib</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Roland</givenNames> <familyName>Blomeyer</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>William W W L</givenNames> <familyName>Cheung</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Andrés M</givenNames> 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xml:id="faf12032-cr-0015"><personName><givenNames>Soohyun</givenNames> <familyName>Shon</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0016"><personName><givenNames>U Rashid</givenNames> <familyName>Sumaila</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0017"><personName><givenNames>Wilf</givenNames> <familyName>Swartz</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0007" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0018"><personName><givenNames>Reg</givenNames> <familyName>Watson</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0019"><personName><givenNames>Yunlei</givenNames> <familyName>Zhai</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#faf12032-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="faf12032-cr-0020"><personName><givenNames>Dirk</givenNames> <familyName>Zeller</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0001"><orgDiv><i>Sea Around Us</i> Project, Fisheries Centre</orgDiv> <orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName> <address><street>2202 Main Mall</street> <city>Vancouver</city> <countryPart>BC</countryPart> <country>Canada</country> <postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="ES" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0002"><orgName>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L.</orgName> <address><street>Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín</street> <city>Guadalajara</city> <postCode>ES‐19163</postCode> <country>Spain</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Changing Ocean Research Unit</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Fisheries Centre</orgDiv> <orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName> <address><street>2202 Main Mall</street> <city>Vancouver</city> <countryPart>BC</countryPart> <country>Canada</country> <postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Fisheries Economic Research Unit</orgDiv> <orgDiv>Fisheries Centre</orgDiv> <orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName> <address><street>2202 Main Mall</street> <city>Vancouver</city> <countryPart>BC</countryPart> <country>Canada</country> <postCode>V6T 1Z4</postCode></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="FR" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD)</orgDiv> <orgName>UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales</orgName> <address><street>Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171</street> <city>Sète Cedex</city> <postCode>34203</postCode> <country>France</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="SE" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0006"><orgDiv>Stockholm Resilience Centre</orgDiv> <orgName>Stockholm University</orgName> <address><street>Kräftriket 2B</street> <city>Stockholm</city> <country>Sweden</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="AU" type="organization" xml:id="faf12032-aff-0007"><orgDiv>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Tasmania</orgName> <address><city>Taroona</city> <countryPart>Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001</countryPart> <country>Australia</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0001">Control and Surveillance of fisheries</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0002">distant‐water fishing</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0003">illegal</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0004">management</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0005"><fc>M</fc>onte <fc>C</fc>arlo method</keyword><keyword xml:id="faf12032-kwd-0006">unreported and unregulated (<fc>IUU</fc>) catch</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting" mimeType="application/msword" href="urn-x:wiley:14672960:media:faf12032:faf12032-sup-0001-Supplementary-materials"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Data S1.</b> Materials for assessing the range, scope and catches of China's distant water fisheries, 2000–2011.</p><p><b>Table S1.</b> Authorized number of Chinese fishing vessels and their annual quotas by gear type in Japan and South Korea from 2000 to 2011.</p><p><b>Table S2.</b> Official catch of the Chinese distant‐water fishery, 2000–2010 (based on successive editions of the China Fishery Statistical Yearbooks (2000–2010), with provincial data aggregated to all‐China level.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="faf12032-abs-0001" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the <fc>P</fc>eople's <fc>R</fc>epublic of <fc>C</fc>hina for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified <fc>M</fc>onte <fc>C</fc>arlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that <fc>C</fc>hina, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year<sup>−1</sup> (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year<sup>−1</sup>) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year<sup>−1</sup> reported by China to <fc>FAO</fc>), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year<sup>−1</sup> (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year<sup>−1</sup>, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year<sup>−1</sup>, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year<sup>−1</sup>, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year<sup>−1</sup>, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year<sup>−1</sup>, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>China's distant‐water fisheries in the 21st century</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Daniel</namePart><namePart type="family">Pauly</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Daniel Pauly, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4Tel.: 604 822 1201Fax: 604 822 8934E‐mail:</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: d.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dyhia</namePart><namePart type="family">Belhabib</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roland</namePart><namePart type="family">Blomeyer</namePart><affiliation>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">William W W L</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheung</namePart><affiliation>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andrés M</namePart><namePart type="family">Cisneros‐Montemayor</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Duncan</namePart><namePart type="family">Copeland</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sarah</namePart><namePart type="family">Harper</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vicky W Y</namePart><namePart type="family">Lam</namePart><affiliation>Changing Ocean Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yining</namePart><namePart type="family">Mai</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Frédéric</namePart><namePart type="family">Le Manach</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, (IRD), UMR EME 212, Centre de Recherches Halieutiques Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP171, 34203, Sète Cedex, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Henrik</namePart><namePart type="family">Österblom</namePart><affiliation>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Kräftriket 2B, Stockholm, Sweden</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ka Man</namePart><namePart type="family">Mok</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Liesbeth</namePart><namePart type="family">van der Meer</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Antonio</namePart><namePart type="family">Sanz</namePart><affiliation>Blomeyer & Sanz, S.L., Cerezos 545b, CD 250, El Clavín, ES‐19163, Guadalajara, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Soohyun</namePart><namePart type="family">Shon</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U Rashid</namePart><namePart type="family">Sumaila</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wilf</namePart><namePart type="family">Swartz</namePart><affiliation>Fisheries Economic Research Unit, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Reg</namePart><namePart type="family">Watson</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 49, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Taroona, Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yunlei</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhai</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dirk</namePart><namePart type="family">Zeller</namePart><affiliation>Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, BC, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-03-04</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-10-20</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-02-20</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">We conservatively estimate the distant‐water fleet catch of the People's Republic of China for 2000–2011, using a newly assembled database of reported occurrence of Chinese fishing vessels in various parts of the world and information on the annual catch by vessel type. Given the unreliability of official statistics, uncertainty of results was estimated through a regionally stratified Monte Carlo approach, which documents the presence and number of Chinese vessels in Exclusive Economic Zones and then multiplies these by the expected annual catch per vessel. We find that China, which over‐reports its domestic catch, substantially under‐reports the catch of its distant‐water fleets. This catch, estimated at 4.6 million t year−1 (95% central distribution, 3.4–6.1 million t year−1) from 2000 to 2011 (compared with an average of 368 000 t·year−1 reported by China to FAO), corresponds to an ex‐vessel landed value of 8.93 billion € year−1 (95% central distribution, 6.3–12.3 billion). Chinese distant‐water fleets extract the largest catch in African waters (3.1 million t year−1, 95% central distribution, 2.0–4.4 million t), followed by Asia (1.0 million t year−1, 0.56–1.5 million t), Oceania (198 000 t year−1, 144 000–262 000 t), Central and South America (182 000 t year−1, 94 000–299 000 t) and Antarctica (48 000 t year−1, 8 000–129 000 t). The uncertainty of these estimates is relatively high, but several sources of inaccuracy could not be fully resolved given the constraints inherent in the underlying data and method, which also prevented us from distinguishing between legal and illegal catch.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Data S1. Materials for assessing the range, scope and catches of China's distant water fisheries, 2000–2011. Table S1. Authorized number of Chinese fishing vessels and their annual quotas by gear type in Japan and South Korea from 2000 to 2011. Table S2. Official catch of the Chinese distant‐water fishery, 2000–2010 (based on successive editions of the China Fishery Statistical Yearbooks (2000–2010), with provincial data aggregated to all‐China level.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Control and Surveillance of fisheries</topic><topic>distant‐water fishing</topic><topic>illegal</topic><topic>management</topic><topic>Monte Carlo method</topic><topic>unreported and unregulated (IUU) catch</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Fish and Fisheries</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Fish Fish</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1467-2960</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1467-2979</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2979</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">FAF</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>474</start><end>488</end><total>15</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-61GGW24K-3</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/faf.12032</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">FAF12032</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/771CE8DC265DCCBB3E158B2E673EFCE2D319A706/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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