Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges
Identifieur interne : 001638 ( Istex/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001637; suivant : 001639Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges
Auteurs : David Dudgeon [République populaire de Chine, Hong Kong] ; Angela H. Arthington [Australie] ; Mark O. Gessner [Suisse] ; Zen-Ichiro Kawabata [Japon] ; Duncan J. Knowler [Canada] ; Christian Lévêque [France] ; Robert J. Naiman [États-Unis] ; Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard [France] ; Doris Soto [Chili] ; Melanie L. J. Stiassny [États-Unis] ; Caroline A. Sullivan [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Biological Reviews [ 1464-7931 ] ; 2006-05.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Biodiversité, Changement climatique, écologie, écosystème, Eau douce, Mollusque.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Amphibian, Annual review, Aquatic, Aquatic biodiversity, Aquatic fauna, Arthington, Biodiversity, Biodiversity conservation, Bioscience, Biota, Bunn, Catchment, Cichlid, Clark king, Climate change, Conservation, Conservation biology, Conservation status, Conservation strategies, Dudgeon, Ecological, Ecological applications, Ecology, Ecosystem, Ecosystem services, Endemic, Environmental management, Environmental water allocations, Exotic species, Extinction rates, Fauna, Fishery, Fresh water, Fresh waters, Freshwater, Freshwater biodiversity, Freshwater ecosystems, Freshwater habitats, Gessner, Global, Habitat degradation, Holistic, Holistic methodologies, Human activities, Human demands, Instream, Island press, Kottelat, Kottelat whitten, Landscape position, Malmqvist, Many parts, Methodology, Mollusc, Naiman, Postel, Postel richter, Pusey, Reconciliation ecology, Richter, Riparian, Riparian zone, River research, Riverine, Salmonid, Shes, Species losses, Species richness, Stakeholder, Stiassny, Sustainable, Taxon, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrate, Water bodies, Wetland, Yangtze.
- Teeft :
- Amphibian, Annual review, Aquatic, Aquatic biodiversity, Aquatic fauna, Arthington, Biodiversity, Biodiversity conservation, Bioscience, Biota, Bunn, Catchment, Cichlid, Clark king, Climate change, Conservation, Conservation biology, Conservation status, Conservation strategies, Dudgeon, Ecological, Ecological applications, Ecology, Ecosystem, Ecosystem services, Endemic, Environmental management, Environmental water allocations, Exotic species, Extinction rates, Fauna, Fishery, Fresh water, Fresh waters, Freshwater, Freshwater biodiversity, Freshwater ecosystems, Freshwater habitats, Gessner, Global, Habitat degradation, Holistic, Holistic methodologies, Human activities, Human demands, Instream, Island press, Kottelat, Kottelat whitten, Landscape position, Malmqvist, Many parts, Methodology, Mollusc, Naiman, Postel, Postel richter, Pusey, Reconciliation ecology, Richter, Riparian, Riparian zone, River research, Riverine, Salmonid, Shes, Species losses, Species richness, Stakeholder, Stiassny, Sustainable, Taxon, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrate, Water bodies, Wetland, Yangtze.
Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity is the over‐riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action ‐‘Water for Life’ ‐ 2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8 % of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100 000 species out of approximately 1.8 million ‐ almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as ‘receivers’ of land‐use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non‐substitutability. In addition, in many parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and ‐ in the case of migrating aquatic fauna ‐ downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact lake and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade‐offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long‐term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management ‐ one that has been appropriately termed ‘reconciliation ecology’.
Url:
DOI: 10.1017/S1464793105006950
Affiliations:
- Australie, Canada, Chili, France, Hong Kong, Japon, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Suisse, États-Unis
- Washington (État), État de New York, Île-de-France
- Paris, Ville d'Avray
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:BA68504BBBEB563701FF7122CF28EE8CE5190A53Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dudgeon, David" sort="Dudgeon, David" uniqKey="Dudgeon D" first="David" last="Dudgeon">David Dudgeon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arthington, Angela H" sort="Arthington, Angela H" uniqKey="Arthington A" first="Angela H." last="Arthington">Angela H. Arthington</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gessner, Mark O" sort="Gessner, Mark O" uniqKey="Gessner M" first="Mark O." last="Gessner">Mark O. Gessner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" sort="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" uniqKey="Kawabata Z" first="Zen-Ichiro" last="Kawabata">Zen-Ichiro Kawabata</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knowler, Duncan J" sort="Knowler, Duncan J" uniqKey="Knowler D" first="Duncan J." last="Knowler">Duncan J. Knowler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leveque, Christian" sort="Leveque, Christian" uniqKey="Leveque C" first="Christian" last="Lévêque">Christian Lévêque</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naiman, Robert J" sort="Naiman, Robert J" uniqKey="Naiman R" first="Robert J." last="Naiman">Robert J. Naiman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" sort="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" uniqKey="Prieur Ichard A" first="Anne-Hélène" last="Prieur-Richard">Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soto, Doris" sort="Soto, Doris" uniqKey="Soto D" first="Doris" last="Soto">Doris Soto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stiassny, Melanie L J" sort="Stiassny, Melanie L J" uniqKey="Stiassny M" first="Melanie L. J." last="Stiassny">Melanie L. J. Stiassny</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Caroline A" sort="Sullivan, Caroline A" uniqKey="Sullivan C" first="Caroline A." last="Sullivan">Caroline A. Sullivan</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:BA68504BBBEB563701FF7122CF28EE8CE5190A53</idno>
<date when="2006" year="2006">2006</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1017/S1464793105006950</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/BA68504BBBEB563701FF7122CF28EE8CE5190A53/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002283</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002283</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">002283</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">001638</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001638</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges</title>
<author><name sortKey="Dudgeon, David" sort="Dudgeon, David" uniqKey="Dudgeon D" first="David" last="Dudgeon">David Dudgeon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong SAR</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Hong Kong</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arthington, Angela H" sort="Arthington, Angela H" uniqKey="Arthington A" first="Angela H." last="Arthington">Angela H. Arthington</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Riverine Landscapes and Cooperative Research Centre for Rainforest Ecology and Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland 4111</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gessner, Mark O" sort="Gessner, Mark O" uniqKey="Gessner M" first="Mark O." last="Gessner">Mark O. Gessner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Limnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag/ETH), 6047 Kastanienbaum</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>6047 Kastanienbaum</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" sort="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" uniqKey="Kawabata Z" first="Zen-Ichiro" last="Kawabata">Zen-Ichiro Kawabata</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 335 Takashima‐cho, Marutamachi‐dori, Kawaramachi nishi‐iru, Kamigyo‐ku, Kyoto, 602‐0878</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>602‐0878</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knowler, Duncan J" sort="Knowler, Duncan J" uniqKey="Knowler D" first="Duncan J." last="Knowler">Duncan J. Knowler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Eraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>British Columbia</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leveque, Christian" sort="Leveque, Christian" uniqKey="Leveque C" first="Christian" last="Lévêque">Christian Lévêque</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut de Recherches pour le Développement, 1 rue de Marnes, 92410 Ville d'Avray</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Ville d'Avray</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Naiman, Robert J" sort="Naiman, Robert J" uniqKey="Naiman R" first="Robert J." last="Naiman">Robert J. Naiman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Aquatic & Fishery Sciences, University of Washington ‐ 355020, Seattle, WA 98195</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" sort="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" uniqKey="Prieur Ichard A" first="Anne-Hélène" last="Prieur-Richard">Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>DIVERSITAS, 51 bd Montmorency, 75016 Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soto, Doris" sort="Soto, Doris" uniqKey="Soto D" first="Doris" last="Soto">Doris Soto</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Nucleo Milenio FORECOS, Casilla 1327, Puerto Montt</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Puerto Montt</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stiassny, Melanie L J" sort="Stiassny, Melanie L J" uniqKey="Stiassny M" first="Melanie L. J." last="Stiassny">Melanie L. J. Stiassny</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Ichthyology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sullivan, Caroline A" sort="Sullivan, Caroline A" uniqKey="Sullivan C" first="Caroline A." last="Sullivan">Caroline A. Sullivan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Wallingford OX10 8BB</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Biological Reviews</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1464-7931</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1469-185X</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">81</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="163">163</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="182">182</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">20</biblScope>
<publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher>
<pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2006-05">2006-05</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">1464-7931</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1464-7931</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Amphibian</term>
<term>Annual review</term>
<term>Aquatic</term>
<term>Aquatic biodiversity</term>
<term>Aquatic fauna</term>
<term>Arthington</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Biodiversity conservation</term>
<term>Bioscience</term>
<term>Biota</term>
<term>Bunn</term>
<term>Catchment</term>
<term>Cichlid</term>
<term>Clark king</term>
<term>Climate change</term>
<term>Conservation</term>
<term>Conservation biology</term>
<term>Conservation status</term>
<term>Conservation strategies</term>
<term>Dudgeon</term>
<term>Ecological</term>
<term>Ecological applications</term>
<term>Ecology</term>
<term>Ecosystem</term>
<term>Ecosystem services</term>
<term>Endemic</term>
<term>Environmental management</term>
<term>Environmental water allocations</term>
<term>Exotic species</term>
<term>Extinction rates</term>
<term>Fauna</term>
<term>Fishery</term>
<term>Fresh water</term>
<term>Fresh waters</term>
<term>Freshwater</term>
<term>Freshwater biodiversity</term>
<term>Freshwater ecosystems</term>
<term>Freshwater habitats</term>
<term>Gessner</term>
<term>Global</term>
<term>Habitat degradation</term>
<term>Holistic</term>
<term>Holistic methodologies</term>
<term>Human activities</term>
<term>Human demands</term>
<term>Instream</term>
<term>Island press</term>
<term>Kottelat</term>
<term>Kottelat whitten</term>
<term>Landscape position</term>
<term>Malmqvist</term>
<term>Many parts</term>
<term>Methodology</term>
<term>Mollusc</term>
<term>Naiman</term>
<term>Postel</term>
<term>Postel richter</term>
<term>Pusey</term>
<term>Reconciliation ecology</term>
<term>Richter</term>
<term>Riparian</term>
<term>Riparian zone</term>
<term>River research</term>
<term>Riverine</term>
<term>Salmonid</term>
<term>Shes</term>
<term>Species losses</term>
<term>Species richness</term>
<term>Stakeholder</term>
<term>Stiassny</term>
<term>Sustainable</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Terrestrial ecosystems</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Water bodies</term>
<term>Wetland</term>
<term>Yangtze</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Amphibian</term>
<term>Annual review</term>
<term>Aquatic</term>
<term>Aquatic biodiversity</term>
<term>Aquatic fauna</term>
<term>Arthington</term>
<term>Biodiversity</term>
<term>Biodiversity conservation</term>
<term>Bioscience</term>
<term>Biota</term>
<term>Bunn</term>
<term>Catchment</term>
<term>Cichlid</term>
<term>Clark king</term>
<term>Climate change</term>
<term>Conservation</term>
<term>Conservation biology</term>
<term>Conservation status</term>
<term>Conservation strategies</term>
<term>Dudgeon</term>
<term>Ecological</term>
<term>Ecological applications</term>
<term>Ecology</term>
<term>Ecosystem</term>
<term>Ecosystem services</term>
<term>Endemic</term>
<term>Environmental management</term>
<term>Environmental water allocations</term>
<term>Exotic species</term>
<term>Extinction rates</term>
<term>Fauna</term>
<term>Fishery</term>
<term>Fresh water</term>
<term>Fresh waters</term>
<term>Freshwater</term>
<term>Freshwater biodiversity</term>
<term>Freshwater ecosystems</term>
<term>Freshwater habitats</term>
<term>Gessner</term>
<term>Global</term>
<term>Habitat degradation</term>
<term>Holistic</term>
<term>Holistic methodologies</term>
<term>Human activities</term>
<term>Human demands</term>
<term>Instream</term>
<term>Island press</term>
<term>Kottelat</term>
<term>Kottelat whitten</term>
<term>Landscape position</term>
<term>Malmqvist</term>
<term>Many parts</term>
<term>Methodology</term>
<term>Mollusc</term>
<term>Naiman</term>
<term>Postel</term>
<term>Postel richter</term>
<term>Pusey</term>
<term>Reconciliation ecology</term>
<term>Richter</term>
<term>Riparian</term>
<term>Riparian zone</term>
<term>River research</term>
<term>Riverine</term>
<term>Salmonid</term>
<term>Shes</term>
<term>Species losses</term>
<term>Species richness</term>
<term>Stakeholder</term>
<term>Stiassny</term>
<term>Sustainable</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Terrestrial ecosystems</term>
<term>Vertebrate</term>
<term>Water bodies</term>
<term>Wetland</term>
<term>Yangtze</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Biodiversité</term>
<term>Changement climatique</term>
<term>écologie</term>
<term>écosystème</term>
<term>Eau douce</term>
<term>Mollusque</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Freshwater biodiversity is the over‐riding conservation priority during the International Decade for Action ‐‘Water for Life’ ‐ 2005 to 2015. Fresh water makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and approximately 0.8 % of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny fraction of global water supports at least 100 000 species out of approximately 1.8 million ‐ almost 6% of all described species. Inland waters and freshwater biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational terms. Their conservation and management are critical to the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends in 2015. Why is this so, and what is being done about it? This article explores the special features of freshwater habitats and the biodiversity they support that makes them especially vulnerable to human activities. We document threats to global freshwater biodiversity under five headings: overexploitation; water pollution; flow modification; destruction or degradation of habitat; and invasion by exotic species. Their combined and interacting influences have resulted in population declines and range reduction of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Conservation of biodiversity is complicated by the landscape position of rivers and wetlands as ‘receivers’ of land‐use effluents, and the problems posed by endemism and thus non‐substitutability. In addition, in many parts of the world, fresh water is subject to severe competition among multiple human stakeholders. Protection of freshwater biodiversity is perhaps the ultimate conservation challenge because it is influenced by the upstream drainage network, the surrounding land, the riparian zone, and ‐ in the case of migrating aquatic fauna ‐ downstream reaches. Such prerequisites are hardly ever met. Immediate action is needed where opportunities exist to set aside intact lake and river ecosystems within large protected areas. For most of the global land surface, trade‐offs between conservation of freshwater biodiversity and human use of ecosystem goods and services are necessary. We advocate continuing attempts to check species loss but, in many situations, urge adoption of a compromise position of management for biodiversity conservation, ecosystem functioning and resilience, and human livelihoods in order to provide a viable long‐term basis for freshwater conservation. Recognition of this need will require adoption of a new paradigm for biodiversity protection and freshwater ecosystem management ‐ one that has been appropriately termed ‘reconciliation ecology’.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>Chili</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Hong Kong</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>République populaire de Chine</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Washington (État)</li>
<li>État de New York</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Paris</li>
<li>Ville d'Avray</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dudgeon, David" sort="Dudgeon, David" uniqKey="Dudgeon D" first="David" last="Dudgeon">David Dudgeon</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Hong Kong"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dudgeon, David" sort="Dudgeon, David" uniqKey="Dudgeon D" first="David" last="Dudgeon">David Dudgeon</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arthington, Angela H" sort="Arthington, Angela H" uniqKey="Arthington A" first="Angela H." last="Arthington">Angela H. Arthington</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gessner, Mark O" sort="Gessner, Mark O" uniqKey="Gessner M" first="Mark O." last="Gessner">Mark O. Gessner</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" sort="Kawabata, Zen Chiro" uniqKey="Kawabata Z" first="Zen-Ichiro" last="Kawabata">Zen-Ichiro Kawabata</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Knowler, Duncan J" sort="Knowler, Duncan J" uniqKey="Knowler D" first="Duncan J." last="Knowler">Duncan J. Knowler</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Leveque, Christian" sort="Leveque, Christian" uniqKey="Leveque C" first="Christian" last="Lévêque">Christian Lévêque</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" sort="Prieur Ichard, Anne Elene" uniqKey="Prieur Ichard A" first="Anne-Hélène" last="Prieur-Richard">Anne-Hélène Prieur-Richard</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Washington (État)"><name sortKey="Naiman, Robert J" sort="Naiman, Robert J" uniqKey="Naiman R" first="Robert J." last="Naiman">Robert J. Naiman</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Stiassny, Melanie L J" sort="Stiassny, Melanie L J" uniqKey="Stiassny M" first="Melanie L. J." last="Stiassny">Melanie L. J. Stiassny</name>
</country>
<country name="Chili"><noRegion><name sortKey="Soto, Doris" sort="Soto, Doris" uniqKey="Soto D" first="Doris" last="Soto">Doris Soto</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sullivan, Caroline A" sort="Sullivan, Caroline A" uniqKey="Sullivan C" first="Caroline A." last="Sullivan">Caroline A. Sullivan</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Istex/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001638 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 001638 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Asie |area= AustralieFrV1 |flux= Istex |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:BA68504BBBEB563701FF7122CF28EE8CE5190A53 |texte= Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges }}
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. | ![]() |