Timing, origin and emplacement dynamics of mass flows offshore of SE Montserrat in the last 110 ka: Implications for landslide and tsunami hazards, eruption history, and volcanic island evolution
Identifieur interne : 000233 ( Istex/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000232; suivant : 000234Timing, origin and emplacement dynamics of mass flows offshore of SE Montserrat in the last 110 ka: Implications for landslide and tsunami hazards, eruption history, and volcanic island evolution
Auteurs : J. Trofimovs [Australie] ; P. J. Talling [Royaume-Uni] ; J. K. Fisher [Royaume-Uni] ; R. S. J. Sparks [Royaume-Uni] ; S. F. L. Watt [Royaume-Uni] ; M. B. Hart [Royaume-Uni] ; C. W. Smart [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Le Friant [France] ; M. Cassidy [Royaume-Uni] ; S. G. Moreton [Royaume-Uni] ; M. J. Leng [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems [ 1525-2027 ] ; 2013-02.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Géochimie, Géophysique, Montserrat.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Andesite, Andesite lava clasts, Andesitic, Andesitic lava fragments, Andesitic turbidite, Antilles, Avalanche, Basaltic, Basaltic turbidite, Bioclastic, Bioclastic component, Bioclastic material, Bioclastic turbidite, Bioclastic turbidites, Bioclasticvolcaniclastic turbidite, Boudon, Bouillantemontserrat graben, Canary islands, Carbonate, Carbonate shelf, Cassidy, Clast, Collapse, Collapse dynamics, Core numbers, Core sites, Correlated stratigraphic logs, Correlated units, Current eruption, Debris avalanche, Deplus, Deposit, Depositional, Depositional unit, Different types, Dome collapse, Druitt, Earth planet, Emplaced, Emplacement, Emplacement dynamics, Erosive, Eruption, Foraminifera, Friant, Full details, Geochemistry, Geochemistry geophysics geosystems, Geol, Geological society, Geophys, Geophysics, Geosystems, Graben, Grain sizes, Harford, Hemipelagic, Hemipelagic sediment, Hills volcano, Isotope, Kokelaar, Lamina, Landslide, Lava, Lava fragments, Lebas, Lesser antilles, Lesser antilles island, Lett, Likely origin, Longitudinal graben axis, Marine cores, Mass flows, Masson, Montserrat, Multiple stages, Northern part, Oxygen isotope, Oxygen isotope stratigraphy, Planar laminae, Pyroclastic, Radiocarbon, Radiocarbon dates, River valley, Roobol, Sediment, Seismic data, Silt, Single core, Single depositional unit, Size fraction, Soufriere, Soufriere hills, Soufriere hills volcano, Southern graben, Stable isotope analysis, Standard deviation, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphic legend, Stratigraphy, Study area, Subaerial, Submarine landslides, Submarine mass, Submarine shelf, Subunit, Talling, Trofimovs, Tsunami generation, Turbidite, Turbidites, Volcanic, Volcanic deposit, Volcanic island, Volcanic island evolution, Volcanic islands, Volcaniclastic, Volcaniclastic deposits, Volcano, Water depth, Watt, West indies.
- Teeft :
- Andesite, Andesite lava clasts, Andesitic, Andesitic lava fragments, Andesitic turbidite, Antilles, Avalanche, Basaltic, Basaltic turbidite, Bioclastic, Bioclastic component, Bioclastic material, Bioclastic turbidite, Bioclastic turbidites, Bioclasticvolcaniclastic turbidite, Boudon, Bouillantemontserrat graben, Canary islands, Carbonate, Carbonate shelf, Cassidy, Clast, Collapse, Collapse dynamics, Core numbers, Core sites, Correlated stratigraphic logs, Correlated units, Current eruption, Debris avalanche, Deplus, Deposit, Depositional, Depositional unit, Different types, Dome collapse, Druitt, Earth planet, Emplaced, Emplacement, Emplacement dynamics, Erosive, Eruption, Foraminifera, Friant, Full details, Geochemistry, Geochemistry geophysics geosystems, Geol, Geological society, Geophys, Geophysics, Geosystems, Graben, Grain sizes, Harford, Hemipelagic, Hemipelagic sediment, Hills volcano, Isotope, Kokelaar, Lamina, Landslide, Lava, Lava fragments, Lebas, Lesser antilles, Lesser antilles island, Lett, Likely origin, Longitudinal graben axis, Marine cores, Mass flows, Masson, Montserrat, Multiple stages, Northern part, Oxygen isotope, Oxygen isotope stratigraphy, Planar laminae, Pyroclastic, Radiocarbon, Radiocarbon dates, River valley, Roobol, Sediment, Seismic data, Silt, Single core, Single depositional unit, Size fraction, Soufriere, Soufriere hills, Soufriere hills volcano, Southern graben, Stable isotope analysis, Standard deviation, Stratigraphic, Stratigraphic legend, Stratigraphy, Study area, Subaerial, Submarine landslides, Submarine mass, Submarine shelf, Subunit, Talling, Trofimovs, Tsunami generation, Turbidite, Turbidites, Volcanic, Volcanic deposit, Volcanic island, Volcanic island evolution, Volcanic islands, Volcaniclastic, Volcaniclastic deposits, Volcano, Water depth, Watt, West indies.
Abstract
Mass flows on volcanic islands generated by volcanic lava dome collapse and by larger‐volume flank collapse can be highly dangerous locally and may generate tsunamis that threaten a wider area. It is therefore important to understand their frequency, emplacement dynamics, and relationship to volcanic eruption cycles. The best record of mass flow on volcanic islands may be found offshore, where most material is deposited and where intervening hemipelagic sediment aids dating. Here we analyze what is arguably the most comprehensive sediment core data set collected offshore from a volcanic island. The cores are located southeast of Montserrat, on which the Soufriere Hills volcano has been erupting since 1995. The cores provide a record of mass flow events during the last 110 thousand years. Older mass flow deposits differ significantly from those generated by the repeated lava dome collapses observed since 1995. The oldest mass flow deposit originated through collapse of the basaltic South Soufriere Hills at 103–110 ka, some 20–30 ka after eruptions formed this volcanic center. A ~1.8 km3 blocky debris avalanche deposit that extends from a chute in the island shelf records a particularly deep‐seated failure. It likely formed from a collapse of almost equal amounts of volcanic edifice and coeval carbonate shelf, emplacing a mixed bioclastic‐andesitic turbidite in a complex series of stages. This study illustrates how volcanic island growth and collapse involved extensive, large‐volume submarine mass flows with highly variable composition. Runout turbidites indicate that mass flows are emplaced either in multiple stages or as single events.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20052
Affiliations:
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ISTEX:511E9EDD6B258C9B3860C82DC16D2CA0FDC273E7Le document en format XML
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Andesite</term>
<term>Andesite lava clasts</term>
<term>Andesitic</term>
<term>Andesitic lava fragments</term>
<term>Andesitic turbidite</term>
<term>Antilles</term>
<term>Avalanche</term>
<term>Basaltic</term>
<term>Basaltic turbidite</term>
<term>Bioclastic</term>
<term>Bioclastic component</term>
<term>Bioclastic material</term>
<term>Bioclastic turbidite</term>
<term>Bioclastic turbidites</term>
<term>Bioclasticvolcaniclastic turbidite</term>
<term>Boudon</term>
<term>Bouillantemontserrat graben</term>
<term>Canary islands</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Carbonate shelf</term>
<term>Cassidy</term>
<term>Clast</term>
<term>Collapse</term>
<term>Collapse dynamics</term>
<term>Core numbers</term>
<term>Core sites</term>
<term>Correlated stratigraphic logs</term>
<term>Correlated units</term>
<term>Current eruption</term>
<term>Debris avalanche</term>
<term>Deplus</term>
<term>Deposit</term>
<term>Depositional</term>
<term>Depositional unit</term>
<term>Different types</term>
<term>Dome collapse</term>
<term>Druitt</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Emplaced</term>
<term>Emplacement</term>
<term>Emplacement dynamics</term>
<term>Erosive</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Foraminifera</term>
<term>Friant</term>
<term>Full details</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochemistry geophysics geosystems</term>
<term>Geol</term>
<term>Geological society</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Geophysics</term>
<term>Geosystems</term>
<term>Graben</term>
<term>Grain sizes</term>
<term>Harford</term>
<term>Hemipelagic</term>
<term>Hemipelagic sediment</term>
<term>Hills volcano</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Kokelaar</term>
<term>Lamina</term>
<term>Landslide</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lava fragments</term>
<term>Lebas</term>
<term>Lesser antilles</term>
<term>Lesser antilles island</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Likely origin</term>
<term>Longitudinal graben axis</term>
<term>Marine cores</term>
<term>Mass flows</term>
<term>Masson</term>
<term>Montserrat</term>
<term>Multiple stages</term>
<term>Northern part</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope stratigraphy</term>
<term>Planar laminae</term>
<term>Pyroclastic</term>
<term>Radiocarbon</term>
<term>Radiocarbon dates</term>
<term>River valley</term>
<term>Roobol</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Seismic data</term>
<term>Silt</term>
<term>Single core</term>
<term>Single depositional unit</term>
<term>Size fraction</term>
<term>Soufriere</term>
<term>Soufriere hills</term>
<term>Soufriere hills volcano</term>
<term>Southern graben</term>
<term>Stable isotope analysis</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Stratigraphic</term>
<term>Stratigraphic legend</term>
<term>Stratigraphy</term>
<term>Study area</term>
<term>Subaerial</term>
<term>Submarine landslides</term>
<term>Submarine mass</term>
<term>Submarine shelf</term>
<term>Subunit</term>
<term>Talling</term>
<term>Trofimovs</term>
<term>Tsunami generation</term>
<term>Turbidite</term>
<term>Turbidites</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic deposit</term>
<term>Volcanic island</term>
<term>Volcanic island evolution</term>
<term>Volcanic islands</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Water depth</term>
<term>Watt</term>
<term>West indies</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Andesite</term>
<term>Andesite lava clasts</term>
<term>Andesitic</term>
<term>Andesitic lava fragments</term>
<term>Andesitic turbidite</term>
<term>Antilles</term>
<term>Avalanche</term>
<term>Basaltic</term>
<term>Basaltic turbidite</term>
<term>Bioclastic</term>
<term>Bioclastic component</term>
<term>Bioclastic material</term>
<term>Bioclastic turbidite</term>
<term>Bioclastic turbidites</term>
<term>Bioclasticvolcaniclastic turbidite</term>
<term>Boudon</term>
<term>Bouillantemontserrat graben</term>
<term>Canary islands</term>
<term>Carbonate</term>
<term>Carbonate shelf</term>
<term>Cassidy</term>
<term>Clast</term>
<term>Collapse</term>
<term>Collapse dynamics</term>
<term>Core numbers</term>
<term>Core sites</term>
<term>Correlated stratigraphic logs</term>
<term>Correlated units</term>
<term>Current eruption</term>
<term>Debris avalanche</term>
<term>Deplus</term>
<term>Deposit</term>
<term>Depositional</term>
<term>Depositional unit</term>
<term>Different types</term>
<term>Dome collapse</term>
<term>Druitt</term>
<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Emplaced</term>
<term>Emplacement</term>
<term>Emplacement dynamics</term>
<term>Erosive</term>
<term>Eruption</term>
<term>Foraminifera</term>
<term>Friant</term>
<term>Full details</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochemistry geophysics geosystems</term>
<term>Geol</term>
<term>Geological society</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Geophysics</term>
<term>Geosystems</term>
<term>Graben</term>
<term>Grain sizes</term>
<term>Harford</term>
<term>Hemipelagic</term>
<term>Hemipelagic sediment</term>
<term>Hills volcano</term>
<term>Isotope</term>
<term>Kokelaar</term>
<term>Lamina</term>
<term>Landslide</term>
<term>Lava</term>
<term>Lava fragments</term>
<term>Lebas</term>
<term>Lesser antilles</term>
<term>Lesser antilles island</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Likely origin</term>
<term>Longitudinal graben axis</term>
<term>Marine cores</term>
<term>Mass flows</term>
<term>Masson</term>
<term>Montserrat</term>
<term>Multiple stages</term>
<term>Northern part</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope</term>
<term>Oxygen isotope stratigraphy</term>
<term>Planar laminae</term>
<term>Pyroclastic</term>
<term>Radiocarbon</term>
<term>Radiocarbon dates</term>
<term>River valley</term>
<term>Roobol</term>
<term>Sediment</term>
<term>Seismic data</term>
<term>Silt</term>
<term>Single core</term>
<term>Single depositional unit</term>
<term>Size fraction</term>
<term>Soufriere</term>
<term>Soufriere hills</term>
<term>Soufriere hills volcano</term>
<term>Southern graben</term>
<term>Stable isotope analysis</term>
<term>Standard deviation</term>
<term>Stratigraphic</term>
<term>Stratigraphic legend</term>
<term>Stratigraphy</term>
<term>Study area</term>
<term>Subaerial</term>
<term>Submarine landslides</term>
<term>Submarine mass</term>
<term>Submarine shelf</term>
<term>Subunit</term>
<term>Talling</term>
<term>Trofimovs</term>
<term>Tsunami generation</term>
<term>Turbidite</term>
<term>Turbidites</term>
<term>Volcanic</term>
<term>Volcanic deposit</term>
<term>Volcanic island</term>
<term>Volcanic island evolution</term>
<term>Volcanic islands</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic</term>
<term>Volcaniclastic deposits</term>
<term>Volcano</term>
<term>Water depth</term>
<term>Watt</term>
<term>West indies</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Géochimie</term>
<term>Géophysique</term>
<term>Montserrat</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract">Mass flows on volcanic islands generated by volcanic lava dome collapse and by larger‐volume flank collapse can be highly dangerous locally and may generate tsunamis that threaten a wider area. It is therefore important to understand their frequency, emplacement dynamics, and relationship to volcanic eruption cycles. The best record of mass flow on volcanic islands may be found offshore, where most material is deposited and where intervening hemipelagic sediment aids dating. Here we analyze what is arguably the most comprehensive sediment core data set collected offshore from a volcanic island. The cores are located southeast of Montserrat, on which the Soufriere Hills volcano has been erupting since 1995. The cores provide a record of mass flow events during the last 110 thousand years. Older mass flow deposits differ significantly from those generated by the repeated lava dome collapses observed since 1995. The oldest mass flow deposit originated through collapse of the basaltic South Soufriere Hills at 103–110 ka, some 20–30 ka after eruptions formed this volcanic center. A ~1.8 km3 blocky debris avalanche deposit that extends from a chute in the island shelf records a particularly deep‐seated failure. It likely formed from a collapse of almost equal amounts of volcanic edifice and coeval carbonate shelf, emplacing a mixed bioclastic‐andesitic turbidite in a complex series of stages. This study illustrates how volcanic island growth and collapse involved extensive, large‐volume submarine mass flows with highly variable composition. Runout turbidites indicate that mass flows are emplaced either in multiple stages or as single events.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region><li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Paris</li>
</settlement>
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<tree><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Trofimovs, J" sort="Trofimovs, J" uniqKey="Trofimovs J" first="J." last="Trofimovs">J. Trofimovs</name>
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<name sortKey="Trofimovs, J" sort="Trofimovs, J" uniqKey="Trofimovs J" first="J." last="Trofimovs">J. Trofimovs</name>
<name sortKey="Trofimovs, J" sort="Trofimovs, J" uniqKey="Trofimovs J" first="J." last="Trofimovs">J. Trofimovs</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Talling, P J" sort="Talling, P J" uniqKey="Talling P" first="P. J." last="Talling">P. J. Talling</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Cassidy, M" sort="Cassidy, M" uniqKey="Cassidy M" first="M." last="Cassidy">M. Cassidy</name>
<name sortKey="Fisher, J K" sort="Fisher, J K" uniqKey="Fisher J" first="J. K." last="Fisher">J. K. Fisher</name>
<name sortKey="Hart, M B" sort="Hart, M B" uniqKey="Hart M" first="M. B." last="Hart">M. B. Hart</name>
<name sortKey="Leng, M J" sort="Leng, M J" uniqKey="Leng M" first="M. J." last="Leng">M. J. Leng</name>
<name sortKey="Moreton, S G" sort="Moreton, S G" uniqKey="Moreton S" first="S. G." last="Moreton">S. G. Moreton</name>
<name sortKey="Smart, C W" sort="Smart, C W" uniqKey="Smart C" first="C. W." last="Smart">C. W. Smart</name>
<name sortKey="Sparks, R S J" sort="Sparks, R S J" uniqKey="Sparks R" first="R. S. J." last="Sparks">R. S. J. Sparks</name>
<name sortKey="Watt, S F L" sort="Watt, S F L" uniqKey="Watt S" first="S. F. L." last="Watt">S. F. L. Watt</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Le Friant, A" sort="Le Friant, A" uniqKey="Le Friant A" first="A." last="Le Friant">A. Le Friant</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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