Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 000364 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000363; suivant : 000365Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
Auteurs : Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo [Espagne] ; Travis Rayne Pickering [États-Unis, Afrique du Sud] ; Fernando Diez-Martín [Espagne] ; Audax Mabulla [Tanzanie] ; Charles Musiba [États-Unis] ; Gonzalo Trancho [Espagne] ; Enrique Baquedano [Espagne] ; Henry T. Bunn [États-Unis] ; Doris Barboni [France] ; Manuel Santonja [Espagne] ; David Uribelarrea [Espagne] ; Gail M. Ashley [États-Unis] ; María Del Sol Martínez-Ávila [Espagne] ; Rebeca Barba [Espagne] ; Agness Gidna [Espagne] ; José Yravedra [Espagne] ; Carmen Arriaza [Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046414
PubMed: 23056303
PubMed Central: 3463614
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania</title>
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<author><name sortKey="Martinez Vila, Maria Del Sol" sort="Martinez Vila, Maria Del Sol" uniqKey="Martinez Vila M" first="María Del Sol" last="Martínez-Ávila">María Del Sol Martínez-Ávila</name>
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</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Barba, Rebeca" sort="Barba, Rebeca" uniqKey="Barba R" first="Rebeca" last="Barba">Rebeca Barba</name>
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</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Gidna, Agness" sort="Gidna, Agness" uniqKey="Gidna A" first="Agness" last="Gidna">Agness Gidna</name>
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</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Yravedra, Jose" sort="Yravedra, Jose" uniqKey="Yravedra J" first="José" last="Yravedra">José Yravedra</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arriaza, Carmen" sort="Arriaza, Carmen" uniqKey="Arriaza C" first="Carmen" last="Arriaza">Carmen Arriaza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><addr-line>Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid</wicri:regionArea>
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<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23056303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3463614</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-19737</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0046414</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Organismal Evolution</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Human Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Paleontology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Paleontology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Paleobiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Diagnostic Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Pathology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Social and Behavioral Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anthropology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Biological Anthropology</subject>
<subject>Paleoanthropology</subject>
<subject>Physical Anthropology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Earliest Porotic Hyperostosis on a 1.5-Million-Year-Old Hominin, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Oldest Evidence of Anemia in Human Evolution</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Domínguez-Rodrigo</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pickering</surname>
<given-names>Travis Rayne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Diez-Martín</surname>
<given-names>Fernando</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mabulla</surname>
<given-names>Audax</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Musiba</surname>
<given-names>Charles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Trancho</surname>
<given-names>Gonzalo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baquedano</surname>
<given-names>Enrique</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bunn</surname>
<given-names>Henry T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barboni</surname>
<given-names>Doris</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santonja</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Uribelarrea</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ashley</surname>
<given-names>Gail M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martínez-Ávila</surname>
<given-names>María del Sol</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barba</surname>
<given-names>Rebeca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gidna</surname>
<given-names>Agness</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yravedra</surname>
<given-names>José</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Arriaza</surname>
<given-names>Carmen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>IDEA (Instituto de Evolución en África), Museo de los Orígenes, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum), Pretoria, South Africa</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<addr-line>Archaeology Unit, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>
<addr-line>Department of Anthropology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>
<addr-line>Museo Arqueológico Regional, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>
<addr-line>CEREGE (Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement) Aix-Marseille Université (AMU/CNRS/IRD/Collège de France), BP80, Aix-en-Provence, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>
<addr-line>CENIEH (Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana), Burgos, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13"><label>13</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geodynamics, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14"><label>14</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Fred H.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Illinois State University, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>m.dominguez.rodrigo@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MDR TRP CM GT MM-A. Performed the experiments: MDR TRP CM GT MM-A. Analyzed the data: MDR TRP CM GT MM-A. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM FDM EB HTB DB MS DU GMA RB AG JY CA. Wrote the paper: MDR TRP. Excavation: AM FDM EB DU GMA RB AG JY CA.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>3</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>10</issue>
<elocation-id>e46414</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Domínguez-Rodrigo et al</copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Meat-eating was an important factor affecting early hominin brain expansion, social organization and geographic movement. Stone tool butchery marks on ungulate fossils in several African archaeological assemblages demonstrate a significant level of carnivory by Pleistocene hominins, but the discovery at Olduvai Gorge of a child's pathological cranial fragments indicates that some hominins probably experienced scarcity of animal foods during various stages of their life histories. The child's parietal fragments, excavated from 1.5-million-year-old sediments, show porotic hyperostosis, a pathology associated with anemia. Nutritional deficiencies, including anemia, are most common at weaning, when children lose passive immunity received through their mothers' milk. Our results suggest, alternatively, that (1) the developmentally disruptive potential of weaning reached far beyond sedentary Holocene food-producing societies and into the early Pleistocene, or that (2) a hominin mother's meat-deficient diet negatively altered the nutritional content of her breast milk to the extent that her nursing child ultimately died from malnourishment. Either way, this discovery highlights that by at least 1.5 million years ago early human physiology was already adapted to a diet that included the regular consumption of meat.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>Funding provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project I+D HAR2010-18952-C02-01 and from the Ministry of Culture through the Archaeological Projects Abroad program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="7"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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