Antiviral activity of human OASL protein is mediated by enhancing signaling of the RIG-I RNA sensor.
Identifieur interne : 003C17 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003C16; suivant : 003C18Antiviral activity of human OASL protein is mediated by enhancing signaling of the RIG-I RNA sensor.
Auteurs : Jianzhong Zhu [États-Unis] ; Yugen Zhang [États-Unis] ; Arundhati Ghosh [États-Unis] ; Rolando A. Cuevas [États-Unis] ; Adriana Forero [États-Unis] ; Jayeeta Dhar [États-Unis] ; Mikkel S Es Ibsen [Danemark] ; Jonathan Leo Schmid-Burgk [Allemagne] ; Tobias Schmidt [Allemagne] ; Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju [États-Unis] ; Takashi Fujita [Japon] ; Rune Hartmann [Danemark] ; Sailen Barik [États-Unis] ; Veit Hornung [Allemagne] ; Carolyn B. Coyne [États-Unis] ; Saumendra N. Sarkar [États-Unis]Source :
- Immunity [ 1097-4180 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (génétique), 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (immunologie), Animaux, Cellules HCT116, Cellules HEK293, DEAD-box RNA helicases (immunologie), Facteur-7 de régulation d'interféron (métabolisme), Humains, Immunité innée, Infections à virus à ADN (immunologie), Infections à virus à ARN (immunologie), Interférence par ARN, Interféron de type I (immunologie), Liaison aux protéines (immunologie), Petit ARN interférent, Polyubiquitine, Protéine-58 à domaine DEAD, Réplication virale (immunologie), Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL, Souris knockout, Transduction du signal (immunologie).
- MESH :
- génétique : 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase.
- immunologie : 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase, DEAD-box RNA helicases, Infections à virus à ADN, Infections à virus à ARN, Interféron de type I, Liaison aux protéines, Réplication virale, Transduction du signal.
- métabolisme : Facteur-7 de régulation d'interféron.
- Animaux, Cellules HCT116, Cellules HEK293, Humains, Immunité innée, Interférence par ARN, Petit ARN interférent, Polyubiquitine, Protéine-58 à domaine DEAD, Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL, Souris knockout.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (genetics), 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (immunology), Animals, DEAD Box Protein 58, DEAD-box RNA Helicases (immunology), DNA Virus Infections (immunology), HCT116 Cells, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 (metabolism), Interferon Type I (immunology), Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Polyubiquitin, Protein Binding (immunology), RNA Interference, RNA Virus Infections (immunology), RNA, Small Interfering, Signal Transduction (immunology), Virus Replication (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase.
- chemical , immunology : 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, Interferon Type I.
- immunology : DNA Virus Infections, Protein Binding, RNA Virus Infections, Signal Transduction, Virus Replication.
- chemical , metabolism : Interferon Regulatory Factor-7.
- Animals, DEAD Box Protein 58, HCT116 Cells, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Polyubiquitin, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering.
Abstract
Virus infection is sensed in the cytoplasm by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I, also known as DDX58), which requires RNA and polyubiquitin binding to induce type I interferon (IFN) and activate cellular innate immunity. We show that the human IFN-inducible oligoadenylate synthetases-like (OASL) protein has antiviral activity and mediates RIG-I activation by mimicking polyubiquitin. Loss of OASL expression reduced RIG-I signaling and enhanced virus replication in human cells. Conversely, OASL expression suppressed replication of a number of viruses in a RIG-I-dependent manner and enhanced RIG-I-mediated IFN induction. OASL interacted and colocalized with RIG-I, and through its C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain specifically enhanced RIG-I signaling. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from mice deficient for Oasl2 showed that among the two mouse orthologs of human OASL, Oasl2 is functionally similar to human OASL. Our findings show a mechanism by which human OASL contributes to host antiviral responses by enhancing RIG-I activation.
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.007
PubMed: 24931123
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Danemark, Japon, États-Unis
- District de Cologne, Ohio, Pennsylvanie, Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie, Région du Kansai
- Bonn, Kyoto
- Université de Kyoto
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pubmed:24931123Le document en format XML
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Ganapathiraju</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujita, Takashi" sort="Fujita, Takashi" uniqKey="Fujita T" first="Takashi" last="Fujita">Takashi Fujita</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement><region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartmann, Rune" sort="Hartmann, Rune" uniqKey="Hartmann R" first="Rune" last="Hartmann">Rune Hartmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus 8000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barik, Sailen" sort="Barik, Sailen" uniqKey="Barik S" first="Sailen" last="Barik">Sailen Barik</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hornung, Veit" sort="Hornung, Veit" uniqKey="Hornung V" first="Veit" last="Hornung">Veit Hornung</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coyne, Carolyn B" sort="Coyne, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Coyne C" first="Carolyn B" last="Coyne">Carolyn B. Coyne</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarkar, Saumendra N" sort="Sarkar, Saumendra N" uniqKey="Sarkar S" first="Saumendra N" last="Sarkar">Saumendra N. Sarkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: saumen@pitt.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24931123</idno><idno type="pmid">24931123</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.007</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002B05</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002B05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002A89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002A89</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002A89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002A89</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Antiviral activity of human OASL protein is mediated by enhancing signaling of the RIG-I RNA sensor.</title><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Jianzhong" sort="Zhu, Jianzhong" uniqKey="Zhu J" first="Jianzhong" last="Zhu">Jianzhong Zhu</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yugen" sort="Zhang, Yugen" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yugen" last="Zhang">Yugen Zhang</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Arundhati" sort="Ghosh, Arundhati" uniqKey="Ghosh A" first="Arundhati" last="Ghosh">Arundhati Ghosh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuevas, Rolando A" sort="Cuevas, Rolando A" uniqKey="Cuevas R" first="Rolando A" last="Cuevas">Rolando A. Cuevas</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forero, Adriana" sort="Forero, Adriana" uniqKey="Forero A" first="Adriana" last="Forero">Adriana Forero</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dhar, Jayeeta" sort="Dhar, Jayeeta" uniqKey="Dhar J" first="Jayeeta" last="Dhar">Jayeeta Dhar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibsen, Mikkel S Es" sort="Ibsen, Mikkel S Es" uniqKey="Ibsen M" first="Mikkel S Es" last="Ibsen">Mikkel S Es Ibsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus 8000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmid Burgk, Jonathan Leo" sort="Schmid Burgk, Jonathan Leo" uniqKey="Schmid Burgk J" first="Jonathan Leo" last="Schmid-Burgk">Jonathan Leo Schmid-Burgk</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Tobias" sort="Schmidt, Tobias" uniqKey="Schmidt T" first="Tobias" last="Schmidt">Tobias Schmidt</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K" sort="Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K" uniqKey="Ganapathiraju M" first="Madhavi K" last="Ganapathiraju">Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fujita, Takashi" sort="Fujita, Takashi" uniqKey="Fujita T" first="Takashi" last="Fujita">Takashi Fujita</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Kyoto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Kyoto</settlement><region type="prefecture">Région du Kansai</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hartmann, Rune" sort="Hartmann, Rune" uniqKey="Hartmann R" first="Rune" last="Hartmann">Rune Hartmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus 8000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barik, Sailen" sort="Barik, Sailen" uniqKey="Barik S" first="Sailen" last="Barik">Sailen Barik</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hornung, Veit" sort="Hornung, Veit" uniqKey="Hornung V" first="Veit" last="Hornung">Veit Hornung</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Cologne</region><settlement type="city">Bonn</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coyne, Carolyn B" sort="Coyne, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Coyne C" first="Carolyn B" last="Coyne">Carolyn B. Coyne</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sarkar, Saumendra N" sort="Sarkar, Saumendra N" uniqKey="Sarkar S" first="Saumendra N" last="Sarkar">Saumendra N. Sarkar</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: saumen@pitt.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Immunity</title><idno type="eISSN">1097-4180</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (genetics)</term><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase (immunology)</term><term>Animals</term><term>DEAD Box Protein 58</term><term>DEAD-box RNA Helicases (immunology)</term><term>DNA Virus Infections (immunology)</term><term>HCT116 Cells</term><term>HEK293 Cells</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunity, Innate</term><term>Interferon Regulatory Factor-7 (metabolism)</term><term>Interferon Type I (immunology)</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Mice, Knockout</term><term>Polyubiquitin</term><term>Protein Binding (immunology)</term><term>RNA Interference</term><term>RNA Virus Infections (immunology)</term><term>RNA, Small Interfering</term><term>Signal Transduction (immunology)</term><term>Virus Replication (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (génétique)</term><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase (immunologie)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Cellules HCT116</term><term>Cellules HEK293</term><term>DEAD-box RNA helicases (immunologie)</term><term>Facteur-7 de régulation d'interféron (métabolisme)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Immunité innée</term><term>Infections à virus à ADN (immunologie)</term><term>Infections à virus à ARN (immunologie)</term><term>Interférence par ARN</term><term>Interféron de type I (immunologie)</term><term>Liaison aux protéines (immunologie)</term><term>Petit ARN interférent</term><term>Polyubiquitine</term><term>Protéine-58 à domaine DEAD</term><term>Réplication virale (immunologie)</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term><term>Souris knockout</term><term>Transduction du signal (immunologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase</term><term>DEAD-box RNA Helicases</term><term>Interferon Type I</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase</term><term>DEAD-box RNA helicases</term><term>Infections à virus à ADN</term><term>Infections à virus à ARN</term><term>Interféron de type I</term><term>Liaison aux protéines</term><term>Réplication virale</term><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA Virus Infections</term><term>Protein Binding</term><term>RNA Virus Infections</term><term>Signal Transduction</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Interferon Regulatory Factor-7</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteur-7 de régulation d'interféron</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>DEAD Box Protein 58</term><term>HCT116 Cells</term><term>HEK293 Cells</term><term>Humans</term><term>Immunity, Innate</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Mice, Knockout</term><term>Polyubiquitin</term><term>RNA Interference</term><term>RNA, Small Interfering</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Cellules HCT116</term><term>Cellules HEK293</term><term>Humains</term><term>Immunité innée</term><term>Interférence par ARN</term><term>Petit ARN interférent</term><term>Polyubiquitine</term><term>Protéine-58 à domaine DEAD</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term><term>Souris knockout</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Virus infection is sensed in the cytoplasm by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I, also known as DDX58), which requires RNA and polyubiquitin binding to induce type I interferon (IFN) and activate cellular innate immunity. We show that the human IFN-inducible oligoadenylate synthetases-like (OASL) protein has antiviral activity and mediates RIG-I activation by mimicking polyubiquitin. Loss of OASL expression reduced RIG-I signaling and enhanced virus replication in human cells. Conversely, OASL expression suppressed replication of a number of viruses in a RIG-I-dependent manner and enhanced RIG-I-mediated IFN induction. OASL interacted and colocalized with RIG-I, and through its C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain specifically enhanced RIG-I signaling. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from mice deficient for Oasl2 showed that among the two mouse orthologs of human OASL, Oasl2 is functionally similar to human OASL. Our findings show a mechanism by which human OASL contributes to host antiviral responses by enhancing RIG-I activation.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24931123</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>21</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>05</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1097-4180</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Jun</Month><Day>19</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Immunity</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Immunity</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Antiviral activity of human OASL protein is mediated by enhancing signaling of the RIG-I RNA sensor.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>936-48</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.007</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S1074-7613(14)00187-3</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Virus infection is sensed in the cytoplasm by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I, also known as DDX58), which requires RNA and polyubiquitin binding to induce type I interferon (IFN) and activate cellular innate immunity. We show that the human IFN-inducible oligoadenylate synthetases-like (OASL) protein has antiviral activity and mediates RIG-I activation by mimicking polyubiquitin. Loss of OASL expression reduced RIG-I signaling and enhanced virus replication in human cells. Conversely, OASL expression suppressed replication of a number of viruses in a RIG-I-dependent manner and enhanced RIG-I-mediated IFN induction. OASL interacted and colocalized with RIG-I, and through its C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain specifically enhanced RIG-I signaling. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages from mice deficient for Oasl2 showed that among the two mouse orthologs of human OASL, Oasl2 is functionally similar to human OASL. Our findings show a mechanism by which human OASL contributes to host antiviral responses by enhancing RIG-I activation.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Jianzhong</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhang</LastName><ForeName>Yugen</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Arundhati</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cuevas</LastName><ForeName>Rolando A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Forero</LastName><ForeName>Adriana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dhar</LastName><ForeName>Jayeeta</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ibsen</LastName><ForeName>Mikkel Søes</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmid-Burgk</LastName><ForeName>Jonathan Leo</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schmidt</LastName><ForeName>Tobias</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ganapathiraju</LastName><ForeName>Madhavi K</ForeName><Initials>MK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fujita</LastName><ForeName>Takashi</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hartmann</LastName><ForeName>Rune</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barik</LastName><ForeName>Sailen</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, and Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hornung</LastName><ForeName>Veit</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Coyne</LastName><ForeName>Carolyn B</ForeName><Initials>CB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sarkar</LastName><ForeName>Saumendra N</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: saumen@pitt.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>U24 AI082673</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>AI082673</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>12</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Immunity</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9432918</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1074-7613</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C494234">IRF7 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D050839">Interferon Regulatory Factor-7</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007370">Interferon Type I</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D034741">RNA, Small Interfering</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>120904-94-1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D025821">Polyubiquitin</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.7.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C115020">OASL protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.7.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C475084">Oasl2 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.7.84</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D015088">2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.6.1.-</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C452820">DDX58 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.6.4.13</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000071457">DEAD Box Protein 58</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.6.4.13</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D053487">DEAD-box RNA Helicases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Eur J Biochem. 1998 Oct 15;257(2):319-30</RefSource><PMID Version="1">9826176</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):41-7</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21142819</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections 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Version="1">22000004</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015088" MajorTopicYN="N">2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000071457" MajorTopicYN="N">DEAD Box Protein 58</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053487" MajorTopicYN="N">DEAD-box RNA Helicases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004266" MajorTopicYN="N">DNA Virus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D045325" MajorTopicYN="N">HCT116 Cells</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057809" MajorTopicYN="N">HEK293 Cells</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007113" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunity, Innate</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D050839" MajorTopicYN="N">Interferon Regulatory Factor-7</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007370" MajorTopicYN="N">Interferon Type I</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008810" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred C57BL</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018345" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Knockout</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D025821" MajorTopicYN="N">Polyubiquitin</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011485" MajorTopicYN="N">Protein Binding</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D034622" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA Interference</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012327" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA Virus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D034741" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Small Interfering</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014779" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Replication</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">NIHMS601105</OtherID><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4101812</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2013</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>28</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2014</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>6</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24931123</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S1074-7613(14)00187-3</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.007</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4101812</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS601105</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Japon</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>District de Cologne</li><li>Ohio</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li><li>Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie</li><li>Région du Kansai</li></region><settlement><li>Bonn</li><li>Kyoto</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Kyoto</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Zhu, Jianzhong" sort="Zhu, Jianzhong" uniqKey="Zhu J" first="Jianzhong" last="Zhu">Jianzhong Zhu</name></region><name sortKey="Barik, Sailen" sort="Barik, Sailen" uniqKey="Barik S" first="Sailen" last="Barik">Sailen Barik</name><name sortKey="Coyne, Carolyn B" sort="Coyne, Carolyn B" uniqKey="Coyne C" first="Carolyn B" last="Coyne">Carolyn B. Coyne</name><name sortKey="Cuevas, Rolando A" sort="Cuevas, Rolando A" uniqKey="Cuevas R" first="Rolando A" last="Cuevas">Rolando A. Cuevas</name><name sortKey="Dhar, Jayeeta" sort="Dhar, Jayeeta" uniqKey="Dhar J" first="Jayeeta" last="Dhar">Jayeeta Dhar</name><name sortKey="Forero, Adriana" sort="Forero, Adriana" uniqKey="Forero A" first="Adriana" last="Forero">Adriana Forero</name><name sortKey="Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K" sort="Ganapathiraju, Madhavi K" uniqKey="Ganapathiraju M" first="Madhavi K" last="Ganapathiraju">Madhavi K. Ganapathiraju</name><name sortKey="Ghosh, Arundhati" sort="Ghosh, Arundhati" uniqKey="Ghosh A" first="Arundhati" last="Ghosh">Arundhati Ghosh</name><name sortKey="Sarkar, Saumendra N" sort="Sarkar, Saumendra N" uniqKey="Sarkar S" first="Saumendra N" last="Sarkar">Saumendra N. Sarkar</name><name sortKey="Zhang, Yugen" sort="Zhang, Yugen" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yugen" last="Zhang">Yugen Zhang</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ibsen, Mikkel S Es" sort="Ibsen, Mikkel S Es" uniqKey="Ibsen M" first="Mikkel S Es" last="Ibsen">Mikkel S Es Ibsen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hartmann, Rune" sort="Hartmann, Rune" uniqKey="Hartmann R" first="Rune" last="Hartmann">Rune Hartmann</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie"><name sortKey="Schmid Burgk, Jonathan Leo" sort="Schmid Burgk, Jonathan Leo" uniqKey="Schmid Burgk J" first="Jonathan Leo" last="Schmid-Burgk">Jonathan Leo Schmid-Burgk</name></region><name sortKey="Hornung, Veit" sort="Hornung, Veit" uniqKey="Hornung V" first="Veit" last="Hornung">Veit Hornung</name><name sortKey="Schmidt, Tobias" sort="Schmidt, Tobias" uniqKey="Schmidt T" first="Tobias" last="Schmidt">Tobias Schmidt</name></country><country name="Japon"><region name="Région du Kansai"><name sortKey="Fujita, Takashi" sort="Fujita, Takashi" uniqKey="Fujita T" first="Takashi" last="Fujita">Takashi Fujita</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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