Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India
Identifieur interne : 001B42 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 001B41; suivant : 001B43Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India
Auteurs : Pratik Y. Gogri [Inde] ; Somen L. Misra [Inde] ; Raghunandan N. Kothari [Inde] ; Akshay J. Bhandari [Inde] ; Hitesh V. Gidwani [États-Unis]Source :
- International Scholarly Research Notices [ 2356-7872 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
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DOI: 10.1155/2014/347638
PubMed: 27355047
PubMed Central: 4897481
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India</title><author><name sortKey="Gogri, Pratik Y" sort="Gogri, Pratik Y" uniqKey="Gogri P" first="Pratik Y." last="Gogri">Pratik Y. Gogri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ophthalmology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Misra, Somen L" sort="Misra, Somen L" uniqKey="Misra S" first="Somen L." last="Misra">Somen L. Misra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kothari, Raghunandan N" sort="Kothari, Raghunandan N" uniqKey="Kothari R" first="Raghunandan N." last="Kothari">Raghunandan N. Kothari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Ophthalmology, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat 391750, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat 391750</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhandari, Akshay J" sort="Bhandari, Akshay J" uniqKey="Bhandari A" first="Akshay J." last="Bhandari">Akshay J. Bhandari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gidwani, Hitesh V" sort="Gidwani, Hitesh V" uniqKey="Gidwani H" first="Hitesh V." last="Gidwani">Hitesh V. Gidwani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Medicine, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27355047</idno><idno type="pmc">4897481</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897481</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4897481</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2014/347638</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001B42</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001B42</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India</title><author><name sortKey="Gogri, Pratik Y" sort="Gogri, Pratik Y" uniqKey="Gogri P" first="Pratik Y." last="Gogri">Pratik Y. Gogri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Ophthalmology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Misra, Somen L" sort="Misra, Somen L" uniqKey="Misra S" first="Somen L." last="Misra">Somen L. Misra</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kothari, Raghunandan N" sort="Kothari, Raghunandan N" uniqKey="Kothari R" first="Raghunandan N." last="Kothari">Raghunandan N. Kothari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Ophthalmology, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat 391750, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat 391750</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhandari, Akshay J" sort="Bhandari, Akshay J" uniqKey="Bhandari A" first="Akshay J." last="Bhandari">Akshay J. Bhandari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gidwani, Hitesh V" sort="Gidwani, Hitesh V" uniqKey="Gidwani H" first="Hitesh V." last="Gidwani">Hitesh V. Gidwani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Department of Medicine, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Scholarly Research Notices</title><idno type="eISSN">2356-7872</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> HIV/AIDS is one of twenty first century's biggest global challenges to mankind with protean manifestations affecting all organs of our body, not even sparing the eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS and their correlation with CD4-count in a rural area of India. <italic>Methods.</italic> A hospital based observational cross-sectional study was done on 40 HIV-positive patients presenting to ART center with ocular complaints. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, clinical examination, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, and laboratory investigations. <italic>Results.</italic> Out of 40 patients, 21 were males and 19 were females with mean age of 38.75 ± 13.9 years. HIV retinopathy was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesion while anterior uveitis was the most common anterior segment finding. Posterior segment lesions showed significant association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) with low CD4-count of the patient. CMV retinitis, retinal detachment, tubercular chorioretinitis, and acute retinal necrosis were all seen in patients with CD4-count less than 100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. <italic>Conclusions.</italic> HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and anterior uveitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infection. Low CD4-count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations. There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fauci, A S" uniqKey="Fauci A">A. S. Fauci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hodge, W G" uniqKey="Hodge W">W. G. Hodge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seiff, S R" uniqKey="Seiff S">S. R. Seiff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Margolis, T P" uniqKey="Margolis T">T. P. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int Sch Res Notices</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int Sch Res Notices</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ISRN</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Scholarly Research Notices</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2356-7872</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27355047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4897481</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/347638</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gogri</surname><given-names>Pratik Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Misra</surname><given-names>Somen L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kothari</surname><given-names>Raghunandan N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhandari</surname><given-names>Akshay J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gidwani</surname><given-names>Hitesh V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Ophthalmology, Rural Medical College and Pravara Rural Hospital of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413736, India</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Ophthalmology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra 413736, India</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Ophthalmology, Smt. B. K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Centre, Vadodara, Gujarat 391750, India</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Department of Medicine, UPMC Mercy, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Pratik Y. Gogri: <email>pratikgogri@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Tao-Hsin Tung</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>347638</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>1</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Pratik Y. Gogri et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Introduction.</italic> HIV/AIDS is one of twenty first century's biggest global challenges to mankind with protean manifestations affecting all organs of our body, not even sparing the eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS and their correlation with CD4-count in a rural area of India. <italic>Methods.</italic> A hospital based observational cross-sectional study was done on 40 HIV-positive patients presenting to ART center with ocular complaints. Data were collected using face-to-face interview, clinical examination, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, and laboratory investigations. <italic>Results.</italic> Out of 40 patients, 21 were males and 19 were females with mean age of 38.75 ± 13.9 years. HIV retinopathy was the most common HIV-associated ophthalmic lesion while anterior uveitis was the most common anterior segment finding. Posterior segment lesions showed significant association (<italic>P</italic> < 0.05) with low CD4-count of the patient. CMV retinitis, retinal detachment, tubercular chorioretinitis, and acute retinal necrosis were all seen in patients with CD4-count less than 100 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>. <italic>Conclusions.</italic> HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and anterior uveitis are common ocular manifestations associated with HIV infection. Low CD4-count is a risk as well as predictor for ocular manifestations. There needs to be awareness of ocular involvement among HIV infected individuals and an increased emphasis on regular ophthalmic examination.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Anterior uveitis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Molluscum contagiosum on right eyelids and cheek.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Cytomegalovirus retinitis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Acute retinal necrosis.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.006"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7</label><caption><p>Optic neuritis in the right eye.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ISRN2014-347638.007"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Age-wise distribution of patients.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0–10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (7.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11–20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21–30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (12.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31–40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (30%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41–50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (30%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51–60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (12.5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61–70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (5%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>40</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean age</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>38.75 ± 13.9 years</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Adnexal and anterior segment lesions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior segment lesions</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of total patients (<italic>n</italic> = 40)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of adnexal/anterior segment lesions (<italic>n</italic> = 27)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior uveitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molluscum contagiosum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Viral keratitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blepharitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Herpes zoster ophthalmicus</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dry eyes</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Giant papillary conjunctivitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ocular surface squamous neoplasia </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Steven Johnson's syndrome</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.7</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Posterior segment lesions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Posterior segment lesions</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of total patients (<italic>n</italic> = 40)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of posterior segment lesions (<italic>n</italic> = 25)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV retinopathy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CMV retinitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinal detachment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinal vascular occlusions</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinopathy of anaemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tubercular chorioretinitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Acute retinal necrosis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Endogenous endophthalmitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Neuroophthalmic lesions.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neuroophthalmic lesions</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of total patients (<italic>n</italic> = 40)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage of neuroophthalmic lesions (<italic>n</italic> = 4)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papilledema</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optic neuritis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3rd cranial nerve palsy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Visual impairment in eyes with ocular lesion/s (<italic>n</italic> = 60).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Visual acuity</th><th align="center" colspan="4" rowspan="1">Segment of eye involved</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Total</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only adnexal and anterior segment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only posterior segment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Only neuroophthalmic lesions</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Combination of adnexal/anterior, posterior, and neuroophthalmic lesions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Better than or 6/12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 <break></break>(36.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 <break></break>(5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 <break></break>(3.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 <break></break>(5%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>30 (50%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6/18 to 6/60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 <break></break>(10%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 <break></break>(11.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 <break></break>(3.3%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15 (25%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Worse than 6/60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 <break></break>(1.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 <break></break>(10%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 <break></break>(1.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 <break></break>(11.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>15 (25%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>29</bold>
<break></break><bold>(48.3%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16</bold>
<break></break><bold>(26.7%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5</bold>
<break></break><bold>(8.3%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>10</bold>
<break></break><bold>(16.7%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>60</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Association between ocular lesions and CD4-count.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Ocular lesions</th><th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">CD4-count (cells/mm<sup>3</sup>)</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Total</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><100</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100–200</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>200</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1">Anterior segment (<italic>n</italic> = 27)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior uveitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5 (18.5%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Molluscum contagiosum</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4 (14.8%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Viral keratitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (11.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4 (14.8%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Blepharitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (11.1%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4 (14.8%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Herpes zoster Ophthalmicus</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (7.4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dry eye</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3 (11.1%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Giant papillary Conjunctivitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (7.4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">OSSN</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (7.4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (7.4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SJS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (3.7%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (3.7%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5 (18.5%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>6 (22.2%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>16 (59.3%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>27</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1">Posterior segment (<italic>n</italic> = 25)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HIV retinopathy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (12%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7 (28%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CMV retinitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (16%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>5 (20%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (8%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3 (12%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinal detachment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (12%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3 (12%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinal vascular occlusions</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (8%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Retinopathy of anaemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (8%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tubercular chorioretinitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ARN</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Endogenous endophthalmitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (4%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (4%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>11 (44%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7 (28%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>7 (28%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>25</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="5" rowspan="1">Neuroophthalmic (<italic>n</italic> = 4)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Papilledema</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (25%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (25%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2 (50%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optic neuritis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (25%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (25%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3rd cranial nerve palsy</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (25%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (25%)</bold></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1 (25%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>3 (75%)</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>4</bold></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4897481
|texte= Ophthalmic Manifestations of HIV Patients in a Rural Area of Western Maharashtra, India
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27355047" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PittsburghV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |