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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Time-of-day differences and short-term stability of the neural response to
monetary reward: A pilot study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hasler, Brant P" sort="Hasler, Brant P" uniqKey="Hasler B" first="Brant P." last="Hasler">Brant P. Hasler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forbes, Erika E" sort="Forbes, Erika E" uniqKey="Forbes E" first="Erika E." last="Forbes">Erika E. Forbes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franzen, Peter L" sort="Franzen, Peter L" uniqKey="Franzen P" first="Peter L." last="Franzen">Peter L. Franzen</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25092525</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4157087</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157087</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4157087</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.07.005</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001438</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001438</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Time-of-day differences and short-term stability of the neural response to
monetary reward: A pilot study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hasler, Brant P" sort="Hasler, Brant P" uniqKey="Hasler B" first="Brant P." last="Hasler">Brant P. Hasler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Forbes, Erika E" sort="Forbes, Erika E" uniqKey="Forbes E" first="Erika E." last="Forbes">Erika E. Forbes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franzen, Peter L" sort="Franzen, Peter L" uniqKey="Franzen P" first="Peter L." last="Franzen">Peter L. Franzen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Psychiatry research</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0165-1781</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1872-7123</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Human and animal studies indicate that reward function is modulated by the
circadian clock that governs our daily sleep/wake rhythm. For example, a robust circadian
rhythm exists in positive affect, which is lower in the morning hours and peaks in the
afternoon. A handful of functional neuroimaging studies suggest that systematic diurnal
variation exists in brain activity related to other functions, but no published human
studies have examined daily variation in the neural processing of reward. In the present
study, we attempt to advance this literature by using functional neuroimaging methods to
examine time-of-day changes in the responsivity of the reward circuit. Using a
within-person design and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward
task, we compared morning and afternoon reward-related brain activation in a sample of
healthy young adults within 24 h. Region of interest analyses focused on the striatum, and
we hypothesized greater reward activation in the afternoon, concordant with the circadian
peak in positive affect. Results were consistent with our hypothesis. Additionally, we
counterbalanced the order of morning and afternoon scans in order to explore the
short-term stability of the neural response. Whole-brain analyses showed a markedly higher
reactivity to reward throughout the brain in the first scan relative to the second scan,
consistent with habituation to the monetary reward stimuli. However, these effects did not
appear to explain the time-of-day findings. In summary, we report the first preliminary
evidence of circadian variation in the neural processing of reward. These findings have
both methodological and theoretical implications.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7911385</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6764</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Psychiatry Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Psychiatry Res</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Psychiatry research</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0165-1781</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1872-7123</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25092525</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4157087</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.07.005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS616155</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Time-of-day differences and short-term stability of the neural response to
monetary reward: A pilot study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hasler</surname>
<given-names>Brant P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Forbes</surname>
<given-names>Erika E.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franzen</surname>
<given-names>Peter L.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Correspondence and reprint requests may be sent to: Brant P. Hasler,
Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 3811
O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Phone: 412-246-6674; Fax: 412-246-5300;
<email>haslerbp@upmc.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>25</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>30</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>30</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>224</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>22</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.07.005</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights
reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><p id="P2">Human and animal studies indicate that reward function is modulated by the
circadian clock that governs our daily sleep/wake rhythm. For example, a robust circadian
rhythm exists in positive affect, which is lower in the morning hours and peaks in the
afternoon. A handful of functional neuroimaging studies suggest that systematic diurnal
variation exists in brain activity related to other functions, but no published human
studies have examined daily variation in the neural processing of reward. In the present
study, we attempt to advance this literature by using functional neuroimaging methods to
examine time-of-day changes in the responsivity of the reward circuit. Using a
within-person design and a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward
task, we compared morning and afternoon reward-related brain activation in a sample of
healthy young adults within 24 h. Region of interest analyses focused on the striatum, and
we hypothesized greater reward activation in the afternoon, concordant with the circadian
peak in positive affect. Results were consistent with our hypothesis. Additionally, we
counterbalanced the order of morning and afternoon scans in order to explore the
short-term stability of the neural response. Whole-brain analyses showed a markedly higher
reactivity to reward throughout the brain in the first scan relative to the second scan,
consistent with habituation to the monetary reward stimuli. However, these effects did not
appear to explain the time-of-day findings. In summary, we report the first preliminary
evidence of circadian variation in the neural processing of reward. These findings have
both methodological and theoretical implications.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Circadian</kwd>
<kwd>Reward</kwd>
<kwd>Brain</kwd>
<kwd>Sleep</kwd>
<kwd>fMRI</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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