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<title xml:lang="en">Macular pigment optical density is related to cognitive function in older people</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vishwanathan, Rohini" sort="Vishwanathan, Rohini" uniqKey="Vishwanathan R" first="Rohini" last="Vishwanathan">Rohini Vishwanathan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af1">
<addr-line>Carotenoids and Health Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iannaccone, Alessandro" sort="Iannaccone, Alessandro" uniqKey="Iannaccone A" first="Alessandro" last="Iannaccone">Alessandro Iannaccone</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scott, Tammy M" sort="Scott, Tammy M" uniqKey="Scott T" first="Tammy M." last="Scott">Tammy M. Scott</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af3">
<addr-line>Nutrition and Aging Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>Boston, MA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kritchevsky, Stephen B" sort="Kritchevsky, Stephen B" uniqKey="Kritchevsky S" first="Stephen B." last="Kritchevsky">Stephen B. Kritchevsky</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af4">
<addr-line>Sticht Center on Aging</addr-line>
,
<institution>Wake Forest School of Medicine,</institution>
<addr-line>Winston-Salem, NC</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jennings, Barbara J" sort="Jennings, Barbara J" uniqKey="Jennings B" first="Barbara J." last="Jennings">Barbara J. Jennings</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carboni, Giovannella" sort="Carboni, Giovannella" uniqKey="Carboni G" first="Giovannella" last="Carboni">Giovannella Carboni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af5">
<institution>Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari–Istituto di Oftalmologia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Calgliari</addr-line>
,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Forma, Gina" sort="Forma, Gina" uniqKey="Forma G" first="Gina" last="Forma">Gina Forma</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af5">
<institution>Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari–Istituto di Oftalmologia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Calgliari</addr-line>
,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Satterfield, Suzanne" sort="Satterfield, Suzanne" uniqKey="Satterfield S" first="Suzanne" last="Satterfield">Suzanne Satterfield</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af6">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, Tamara" sort="Harris, Tamara" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara" last="Harris">Tamara Harris</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af7">
<addr-line>Geriatric Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>National Institute of Health/National Institute of Aging</institution>
,
<addr-line>Bethesda, MD</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Karen C" sort="Johnson, Karen C" uniqKey="Johnson K" first="Karen C." last="Johnson">Karen C. Johnson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af6">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schalch, Wolfgang" sort="Schalch, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Schalch W" first="Wolfgang" last="Schalch">Wolfgang Schalch</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af8">
<institution>DSM Nutritional Products</institution>
,
<addr-line>Kaiseraugst</addr-line>
,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Renzi, Lisa M" sort="Renzi, Lisa M" uniqKey="Renzi L" first="Lisa M." last="Renzi">Lisa M. Renzi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af9">
<addr-line>Department of Psychology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Georgia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Athens, GA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosano, Caterina" sort="Rosano, Caterina" uniqKey="Rosano C" first="Caterina" last="Rosano">Caterina Rosano</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af10">
<addr-line>Department of Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Piitsburgh,</institution>
<addr-line>130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Elizabeth J" sort="Johnson, Elizabeth J" uniqKey="Johnson E" first="Elizabeth J." last="Johnson">Elizabeth J. Johnson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af1">
<addr-line>Carotenoids and Health Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24435852</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3927776</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3927776</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3927776</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/ageing/aft210</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000808</idno>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Macular pigment optical density is related to cognitive function in older people</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vishwanathan, Rohini" sort="Vishwanathan, Rohini" uniqKey="Vishwanathan R" first="Rohini" last="Vishwanathan">Rohini Vishwanathan</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af1">
<addr-line>Carotenoids and Health Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Iannaccone, Alessandro" sort="Iannaccone, Alessandro" uniqKey="Iannaccone A" first="Alessandro" last="Iannaccone">Alessandro Iannaccone</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scott, Tammy M" sort="Scott, Tammy M" uniqKey="Scott T" first="Tammy M." last="Scott">Tammy M. Scott</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af3">
<addr-line>Nutrition and Aging Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>Boston, MA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kritchevsky, Stephen B" sort="Kritchevsky, Stephen B" uniqKey="Kritchevsky S" first="Stephen B." last="Kritchevsky">Stephen B. Kritchevsky</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af4">
<addr-line>Sticht Center on Aging</addr-line>
,
<institution>Wake Forest School of Medicine,</institution>
<addr-line>Winston-Salem, NC</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jennings, Barbara J" sort="Jennings, Barbara J" uniqKey="Jennings B" first="Barbara J." last="Jennings">Barbara J. Jennings</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carboni, Giovannella" sort="Carboni, Giovannella" uniqKey="Carboni G" first="Giovannella" last="Carboni">Giovannella Carboni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af5">
<institution>Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari–Istituto di Oftalmologia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Calgliari</addr-line>
,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Forma, Gina" sort="Forma, Gina" uniqKey="Forma G" first="Gina" last="Forma">Gina Forma</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af2">
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af5">
<institution>Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari–Istituto di Oftalmologia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Calgliari</addr-line>
,
<country>Italy</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Satterfield, Suzanne" sort="Satterfield, Suzanne" uniqKey="Satterfield S" first="Suzanne" last="Satterfield">Suzanne Satterfield</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af6">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Harris, Tamara" sort="Harris, Tamara" uniqKey="Harris T" first="Tamara" last="Harris">Tamara Harris</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af7">
<addr-line>Geriatric Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>National Institute of Health/National Institute of Aging</institution>
,
<addr-line>Bethesda, MD</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Karen C" sort="Johnson, Karen C" uniqKey="Johnson K" first="Karen C." last="Johnson">Karen C. Johnson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af6">
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schalch, Wolfgang" sort="Schalch, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Schalch W" first="Wolfgang" last="Schalch">Wolfgang Schalch</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af8">
<institution>DSM Nutritional Products</institution>
,
<addr-line>Kaiseraugst</addr-line>
,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Renzi, Lisa M" sort="Renzi, Lisa M" uniqKey="Renzi L" first="Lisa M." last="Renzi">Lisa M. Renzi</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af9">
<addr-line>Department of Psychology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Georgia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Athens, GA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosano, Caterina" sort="Rosano, Caterina" uniqKey="Rosano C" first="Caterina" last="Rosano">Caterina Rosano</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af10">
<addr-line>Department of Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Piitsburgh,</institution>
<addr-line>130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Elizabeth J" sort="Johnson, Elizabeth J" uniqKey="Johnson E" first="Elizabeth J." last="Johnson">Elizabeth J. Johnson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aft210_af1">
<addr-line>Carotenoids and Health Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Age and Ageing</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0002-0729</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1468-2834</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>
<bold>Background:</bold>
the xanthophylls lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) exist in relatively high concentration in multiple central nervous tissues (e.g. cortex and neural retina). L + Z in macula (i.e. macular pigment, MP) are thought to serve multiple functions, including protection and improvement of visual performance. Also, L + Z in the macula are related to L + Z in the cortex.</p>
<p>
<bold>Objective:</bold>
to determine whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD, L + Z in the macula) is related to cognitive function in older adults.</p>
<p>
<bold>Methods:</bold>
participants were older adults (
<italic>n</italic>
= 108, 77.6 ± 2.7 years) sampled from the age-related maculopathy ancillary study of the Health Aging and Body Composition Study (Memphis, TN, USA). Serum carotenoids were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. MPOD was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Eight cognitive tests designed to evaluate several cognitive domains including memory and processing speed were administered. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to determine whether cognitive measures were related to serum L + Z and MPOD.</p>
<p>
<bold>Results:</bold>
MPOD levels were significantly associated with better global cognition, verbal learning and fluency, recall, processing speed and perceptual speed, whereas serum L + Z was significantly related to only verbal fluency.</p>
<p>
<bold>Conclusion:</bold>
MPOD is related to cognitive function in older people. Its role as a potential biomarker of cognitive function deserves further study.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Age Ageing</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Age Ageing</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ageing</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">ageing</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Age and Ageing</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0002-0729</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1468-2834</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24435852</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3927776</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ageing/aft210</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">aft210</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Short Reports</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Macular pigment optical density is related to cognitive function in older people</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vishwanathan</surname>
<given-names>Rohini</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Iannaccone</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Scott</surname>
<given-names>Tammy M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kritchevsky</surname>
<given-names>Stephen B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jennings</surname>
<given-names>Barbara J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Carboni</surname>
<given-names>Giovannella</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Forma</surname>
<given-names>Gina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Satterfield</surname>
<given-names>Suzanne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Harris</surname>
<given-names>Tamara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Karen C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schalch</surname>
<given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Renzi</surname>
<given-names>Lisa M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosano</surname>
<given-names>Caterina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Elizabeth J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aft210_af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aft210_af1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Carotenoids and Health Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Hamilton Eye Institute</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center,</institution>
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Nutrition and Aging Laboratory</addr-line>
,
<institution>Tufts University</institution>
,
<addr-line>Boston, MA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Sticht Center on Aging</addr-line>
,
<institution>Wake Forest School of Medicine,</institution>
<addr-line>Winston-Salem, NC</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af5">
<label>5</label>
<institution>Universita' degli Studi di Cagliari–Istituto di Oftalmologia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Calgliari</addr-line>
,
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Preventive Medicine</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center</institution>
,
<addr-line>Memphis, TN</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Geriatric Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>National Institute of Health/National Institute of Aging</institution>
,
<addr-line>Bethesda, MD</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af8">
<label>8</label>
<institution>DSM Nutritional Products</institution>
,
<addr-line>Kaiseraugst</addr-line>
,
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Department of Psychology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Georgia</institution>
,
<addr-line>Athens, GA</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aft210_af10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Department of Epidemiology</addr-line>
,
<institution>University of Piitsburgh,</institution>
<addr-line>130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232</addr-line>
,
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp>Address correspondence to: Elizabeth J. Johnson. Tel: 617 556 3204; Fax: 617 556 3344. Email:
<email>elizabeth.johnson@tufts.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>1</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>43</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>271</fpage>
<lpage>275</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>8</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>26</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="aft210.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>
<bold>Background:</bold>
the xanthophylls lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) exist in relatively high concentration in multiple central nervous tissues (e.g. cortex and neural retina). L + Z in macula (i.e. macular pigment, MP) are thought to serve multiple functions, including protection and improvement of visual performance. Also, L + Z in the macula are related to L + Z in the cortex.</p>
<p>
<bold>Objective:</bold>
to determine whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD, L + Z in the macula) is related to cognitive function in older adults.</p>
<p>
<bold>Methods:</bold>
participants were older adults (
<italic>n</italic>
= 108, 77.6 ± 2.7 years) sampled from the age-related maculopathy ancillary study of the Health Aging and Body Composition Study (Memphis, TN, USA). Serum carotenoids were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. MPOD was assessed using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Eight cognitive tests designed to evaluate several cognitive domains including memory and processing speed were administered. Partial correlation coefficients were computed to determine whether cognitive measures were related to serum L + Z and MPOD.</p>
<p>
<bold>Results:</bold>
MPOD levels were significantly associated with better global cognition, verbal learning and fluency, recall, processing speed and perceptual speed, whereas serum L + Z was significantly related to only verbal fluency.</p>
<p>
<bold>Conclusion:</bold>
MPOD is related to cognitive function in older people. Its role as a potential biomarker of cognitive function deserves further study.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>lutein</kwd>
<kwd>zeaxanthin</kwd>
<kwd>cognition</kwd>
<kwd>macular pigment</kwd>
<kwd>ageing</kwd>
<kwd>older people</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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