PittsburghV1, PascalFrancis, Checkpoint, bibRecord, 000863

Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids

Identifieur interne : 000863 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000862; suivant : 000864

Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids

Auteurs : RUI MA [États-Unis] ; Clement Levard [France] ; Jonathan D. Judy [États-Unis] ; Jason M. Unrine [États-Unis] ; Mark Durenkamp [Royaume-Uni] ; Ben Martin [Royaume-Uni] ; Bruce Jefferson [Royaume-Uni] ; Gregory V. Lowry [États-Unis]

Source :

Environmental science & technology [ 0013-936X ] ; 2014.

RBID : Pascal:15-0006424

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Zinc Oxyde, Argent, Nanoparticule, Station épuration, Boue résiduaire, Epuration eau usée, Epuration physicochimique, Epuration biologique, Réutilisation déchet, Traitement déchet, Traitement biologique, Devenir polluant, Evaluation risque, Impact environnement, Biocide, Nanomatériau, Traitement eau, Valorisation, Gestion déchet, Gestion ressources, Gestion risque.
Wicri :
- topic : Argent.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Biocide, Biological purification, Biological treatment, Environment impact, Nanoparticle, Nanostructured materials, Physicochemical purification, Pollutant behavior, Resource management, Risk assessment, Risk management, Sewage sludge, Sewage treatment plant, Silver, Upgrading, Waste management, Waste reuse, Waste treatment, Waste water purification, Water treatment, Zinc Oxides.

Abstract

Chemical transformations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) during wastewater treatment and sludge treatment must be characterized to accurately assess the risks that these nanomaterials pose from land application of biosolids. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and supporting characterization methods are used to determine the chemical speciation of Ag and Zn in sludge from a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that had received PVP coated 50 nm Ag NPs and 30 nm ZnO NPs, dissolved metal ions, or no added metal. The effects of composting and lime and heat treatment on metal speciation in the resulting biosolids were also examined. All added Ag was converted to Ag₂S, regardless of the form of Ag added (NP vs ionic). Zn was transformed to three Zn-containing species, ZnS, Zn,(PO₄)₂, and Zn associated Fe oxy/hydroxides, also regardless of the form of Zn added. Zn speciation was the same in the unamended control sludge. Ag₂S persisted in all sludge treatments. Zn₃(PO₄)₂ persisted in sludge and biosolids, but the ratio of ZnS and Zn associated with Fe oxy/hydroxide depended on the redox state and water content of the biosolids. Limited differences in Zn and Ag speciation among NP-dosed, ion-dosed, and control biosolids indicate that these nanoparticles are transformed to similar chemical forms as bulk metals already entering the WWTP.

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream PascalFrancis, to step Corpus: 000272
to stream PascalFrancis, to step Curation: 004317

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:15-0006424

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids</title>
<author><name sortKey="Rui Ma" sort="Rui Ma" uniqKey="Rui Ma" last="Rui Ma">RUI MA</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University</s1>
<s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Carnegie-Mellon</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levard, Clement" sort="Levard, Clement" uniqKey="Levard C" first="Clement" last="Levard">Clement Levard</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34</s1>
<s2>13545 Aix en Provence</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Aix en Provence</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Judy, Jonathan D" sort="Judy, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Judy J" first="Jonathan D." last="Judy">Jonathan D. Judy</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky</s1>
<s2>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Unrine, Jason M" sort="Unrine, Jason M" uniqKey="Unrine J" first="Jason M." last="Unrine">Jason M. Unrine</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky</s1>
<s2>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durenkamp, Mark" sort="Durenkamp, Mark" uniqKey="Durenkamp M" first="Mark" last="Durenkamp">Mark Durenkamp</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research</s1>
<s2>Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Ben" sort="Martin, Ben" uniqKey="Martin B" first="Ben" last="Martin">Ben Martin</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Environmental Science and Technology Department, Cranfield University</s1>
<s2>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Bruce" sort="Jefferson, Bruce" uniqKey="Jefferson B" first="Bruce" last="Jefferson">Bruce Jefferson</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Environmental Science and Technology Department, Cranfield University</s1>
<s2>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowry, Gregory V" sort="Lowry, Gregory V" uniqKey="Lowry G" first="Gregory V." last="Lowry">Gregory V. Lowry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University</s1>
<s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Carnegie-Mellon</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">15-0006424</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 15-0006424 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:15-0006424</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000272</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">004317</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000863</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000863</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids</title>
<author><name sortKey="Rui Ma" sort="Rui Ma" uniqKey="Rui Ma" last="Rui Ma">RUI MA</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University</s1>
<s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Carnegie-Mellon</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levard, Clement" sort="Levard, Clement" uniqKey="Levard C" first="Clement" last="Levard">Clement Levard</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34</s1>
<s2>13545 Aix en Provence</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>France</country>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region>
<settlement type="city">Aix en Provence</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Judy, Jonathan D" sort="Judy, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Judy J" first="Jonathan D." last="Judy">Jonathan D. Judy</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky</s1>
<s2>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Unrine, Jason M" sort="Unrine, Jason M" uniqKey="Unrine J" first="Jason M." last="Unrine">Jason M. Unrine</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky</s1>
<s2>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durenkamp, Mark" sort="Durenkamp, Mark" uniqKey="Durenkamp M" first="Mark" last="Durenkamp">Mark Durenkamp</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research</s1>
<s2>Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Ben" sort="Martin, Ben" uniqKey="Martin B" first="Ben" last="Martin">Ben Martin</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Environmental Science and Technology Department, Cranfield University</s1>
<s2>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jefferson, Bruce" sort="Jefferson, Bruce" uniqKey="Jefferson B" first="Bruce" last="Jefferson">Bruce Jefferson</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Environmental Science and Technology Department, Cranfield University</s1>
<s2>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:noRegion>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lowry, Gregory V" sort="Lowry, Gregory V" uniqKey="Lowry G" first="Gregory V." last="Lowry">Gregory V. Lowry</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University</s1>
<s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
<region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Carnegie-Mellon</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Environmental science & technology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. sci. technol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0013-936X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Environmental science & technology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. sci. technol.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0013-936X</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Biocide</term>
<term>Biological purification</term>
<term>Biological treatment</term>
<term>Environment impact</term>
<term>Nanoparticle</term>
<term>Nanostructured materials</term>
<term>Physicochemical purification</term>
<term>Pollutant behavior</term>
<term>Resource management</term>
<term>Risk assessment</term>
<term>Risk management</term>
<term>Sewage sludge</term>
<term>Sewage treatment plant</term>
<term>Silver</term>
<term>Upgrading</term>
<term>Waste management</term>
<term>Waste reuse</term>
<term>Waste treatment</term>
<term>Waste water purification</term>
<term>Water treatment</term>
<term>Zinc Oxides</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Zinc Oxyde</term>
<term>Argent</term>
<term>Nanoparticule</term>
<term>Station épuration</term>
<term>Boue résiduaire</term>
<term>Epuration eau usée</term>
<term>Epuration physicochimique</term>
<term>Epuration biologique</term>
<term>Réutilisation déchet</term>
<term>Traitement déchet</term>
<term>Traitement biologique</term>
<term>Devenir polluant</term>
<term>Evaluation risque</term>
<term>Impact environnement</term>
<term>Biocide</term>
<term>Nanomatériau</term>
<term>Traitement eau</term>
<term>Valorisation</term>
<term>Gestion déchet</term>
<term>Gestion ressources</term>
<term>Gestion risque</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Argent</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Chemical transformations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) during wastewater treatment and sludge treatment must be characterized to accurately assess the risks that these nanomaterials pose from land application of biosolids. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and supporting characterization methods are used to determine the chemical speciation of Ag and Zn in sludge from a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that had received PVP coated 50 nm Ag NPs and 30 nm ZnO NPs, dissolved metal ions, or no added metal. The effects of composting and lime and heat treatment on metal speciation in the resulting biosolids were also examined. All added Ag was converted to Ag<sub>2</sub>
S, regardless of the form of Ag added (NP vs ionic). Zn was transformed to three Zn-containing species, ZnS, Zn,(PO<sub>4</sub>
)<sub>2</sub>
, and Zn associated Fe oxy/hydroxides, also regardless of the form of Zn added. Zn speciation was the same in the unamended control sludge. Ag<sub>2</sub>
S persisted in all sludge treatments. Zn<sub>3</sub>
(PO<sub>4</sub>
)<sub>2</sub>
 persisted in sludge and biosolids, but the ratio of ZnS and Zn associated with Fe oxy/hydroxide depended on the redox state and water content of the biosolids. Limited differences in Zn and Ag speciation among NP-dosed, ion-dosed, and control biosolids indicate that these nanoparticles are transformed to similar chemical forms as bulk metals already entering the WWTP.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0013-936X</s0>
</fA01>
<fA02 i1="01"><s0>ESTHAG</s0>
</fA02>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>Environ. sci. technol.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>48</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>1</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>RUI MA</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>LEVARD (Clement)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>JUDY (Jonathan D.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>UNRINE (Jason M.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>DURENKAMP (Mark)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>MARTIN (Ben)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>JEFFERSON (Bruce)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>LOWRY (Gregory V.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University</s1>
<s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (CEINT)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Transatlantic Initiative for Nanotechnology and the Environment (TINE)</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, IRD, CEREGE UM34</s1>
<s2>13545 Aix en Provence</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky</s1>
<s2>Lexington, Kentucky 40506</s2>
<s3>USA</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research</s1>
<s2>Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="07"><s1>Environmental Science and Technology Department, Cranfield University</s1>
<s2>Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL</s2>
<s3>GBR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>104-112</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2014</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>13615</s2>
<s5>354000501142640190</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2015 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>40 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>15-0006424</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Environmental science & technology</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Chemical transformations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) during wastewater treatment and sludge treatment must be characterized to accurately assess the risks that these nanomaterials pose from land application of biosolids. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and supporting characterization methods are used to determine the chemical speciation of Ag and Zn in sludge from a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that had received PVP coated 50 nm Ag NPs and 30 nm ZnO NPs, dissolved metal ions, or no added metal. The effects of composting and lime and heat treatment on metal speciation in the resulting biosolids were also examined. All added Ag was converted to Ag<sub>2</sub>
S, regardless of the form of Ag added (NP vs ionic). Zn was transformed to three Zn-containing species, ZnS, Zn,(PO<sub>4</sub>
)<sub>2</sub>
, and Zn associated Fe oxy/hydroxides, also regardless of the form of Zn added. Zn speciation was the same in the unamended control sludge. Ag<sub>2</sub>
S persisted in all sludge treatments. Zn<sub>3</sub>
(PO<sub>4</sub>
)<sub>2</sub>
 persisted in sludge and biosolids, but the ratio of ZnS and Zn associated with Fe oxy/hydroxide depended on the redox state and water content of the biosolids. Limited differences in Zn and Ag speciation among NP-dosed, ion-dosed, and control biosolids indicate that these nanoparticles are transformed to similar chemical forms as bulk metals already entering the WWTP.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>001D16A05C</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="X"><s0>002A31D07A</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="X"><s0>001D16B06</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="04" i2="X"><s0>002A31D07B</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="05" i2="X"><s0>215</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Zinc Oxyde</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Zinc Oxides</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Zinc Óxido</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>NA</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Argent</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Silver</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Plata</s0>
<s2>NC</s2>
<s2>FX</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nanoparticule</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nanoparticle</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nanopartícula</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Station épuration</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sewage treatment plant</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estación depuradora</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Boue résiduaire</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Sewage sludge</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Lodo residual</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Epuration eau usée</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Waste water purification</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Depuración aguas servidas</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Epuration physicochimique</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Physicochemical purification</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Depuración fisicoquímica</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Epuration biologique</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biological purification</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Depuración biológica</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réutilisation déchet</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Waste reuse</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Reutilización desperdicios</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement déchet</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Waste treatment</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento desperdicios</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement biologique</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biological treatment</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento biológico</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Devenir polluant</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Pollutant behavior</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Evolución contaminante</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Evaluation risque</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Risk assessment</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Impact environnement</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Environment impact</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Impacto medio ambiente</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Biocide</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Biocide</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Biocida</s0>
<s5>35</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Nanomatériau</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Nanostructured materials</s0>
<s5>36</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Traitement eau</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Water treatment</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento agua</s0>
<s5>37</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Valorisation</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Upgrading</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Valorización</s0>
<s5>38</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gestion déchet</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Waste management</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Tratamiento desperdicios</s0>
<s5>39</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gestion ressources</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Resource management</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gestión recursos</s0>
<s5>40</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Gestion risque</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Risk management</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Gestión riesgo</s0>
<s5>41</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Métal lourd</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Heavy metal</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Metal pesado</s0>
<s5>43</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Elément trace</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Trace element</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Elemento traza</s0>
<s5>45</s5>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>005</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Aix en Provence</li>
<li>Marseille</li>
<li>Pittsburgh</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université Carnegie-Mellon</li>
<li>Université d'Aix-Marseille</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Rui Ma" sort="Rui Ma" uniqKey="Rui Ma" last="Rui Ma">RUI MA</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Judy, Jonathan D" sort="Judy, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Judy J" first="Jonathan D." last="Judy">Jonathan D. Judy</name>
<name sortKey="Lowry, Gregory V" sort="Lowry, Gregory V" uniqKey="Lowry G" first="Gregory V." last="Lowry">Gregory V. Lowry</name>
<name sortKey="Unrine, Jason M" sort="Unrine, Jason M" uniqKey="Unrine J" first="Jason M." last="Unrine">Jason M. Unrine</name>
</country>
<country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Levard, Clement" sort="Levard, Clement" uniqKey="Levard C" first="Clement" last="Levard">Clement Levard</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Durenkamp, Mark" sort="Durenkamp, Mark" uniqKey="Durenkamp M" first="Mark" last="Durenkamp">Mark Durenkamp</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Jefferson, Bruce" sort="Jefferson, Bruce" uniqKey="Jefferson B" first="Bruce" last="Jefferson">Bruce Jefferson</name>
<name sortKey="Martin, Ben" sort="Martin, Ben" uniqKey="Martin B" first="Ben" last="Martin">Ben Martin</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Amérique/explor/PittsburghV1/Data/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000863 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000863 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Amérique
   |area=    PittsburghV1
   |flux=    PascalFrancis
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Pascal:15-0006424
   |texte=   Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38.
Data generation: Fri Jun 18 17:37:45 2021. Site generation: Fri Jun 18 18:15:47 2021

	Serveur d'exploration sur Pittsburgh
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur Pittsburgh

Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids

Fate of Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in a Pilot Wastewater Treatment Plant and in Processed Biosolids

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri