Control of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neuron Activity and Motor Function by the Tail of the Ventral Tegmental Area
Identifieur interne : 002364 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002363; suivant : 002365Control of the Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neuron Activity and Motor Function by the Tail of the Ventral Tegmental Area
Auteurs : Romain Bourdy [France] ; María-José Sánchez-Catalán [France] ; Jennifer Kaufling [France] ; Judith J. Balcita-Pedicino [États-Unis] ; Marie-José Freund-Mercier [France] ; Pierre Veinante [France] ; Susan R. Sesack [États-Unis] ; François Georges [France] ; Michel Barrot [France]Source :
- Neuropsychopharmacology [ 0893-133X ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Aire tegmentale ventrale (), Aire tegmentale ventrale (anatomie et histologie), Aire tegmentale ventrale (physiologie), Animaux, Apprentissage (physiologie), Dexamfétamine (pharmacologie), Inhibition nerveuse (physiologie), Microscopie électronique, Microélectrodes, Mâle, Neurones dopaminergiques (), Neurones dopaminergiques (physiologie), Performance psychomotrice (), Performance psychomotrice (physiologie), Rat Sprague-Dawley, Rotation, Stimulants du système nerveux central (pharmacologie), Substantia nigra (), Substantia nigra (anatomie et histologie), Substantia nigra (physiologie), Techniques de traçage neuroanatomique, Voies nerveuses (), Voies nerveuses (anatomie et histologie), Voies nerveuses (physiologie).
- MESH :
- anatomie et histologie : Aire tegmentale ventrale, Substantia nigra, Voies nerveuses.
- pharmacologie : Dexamfétamine, Stimulants du système nerveux central.
- physiologie : Aire tegmentale ventrale, Apprentissage, Inhibition nerveuse, Neurones dopaminergiques, Performance psychomotrice, Substantia nigra, Voies nerveuses.
- Aire tegmentale ventrale, Animaux, Microscopie électronique, Microélectrodes, Mâle, Neurones dopaminergiques, Performance psychomotrice, Rat Sprague-Dawley, Rotation, Substantia nigra, Techniques de traçage neuroanatomique, Voies nerveuses.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Central Nervous System Stimulants (pharmacology), Dextroamphetamine (pharmacology), Dopaminergic Neurons (drug effects), Dopaminergic Neurons (physiology), Learning (physiology), Male, Microelectrodes, Microscopy, Electron, Neural Inhibition (physiology), Neural Pathways (anatomy & histology), Neural Pathways (drug effects), Neural Pathways (physiology), Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques, Psychomotor Performance (drug effects), Psychomotor Performance (physiology), Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rotation, Substantia Nigra (anatomy & histology), Substantia Nigra (drug effects), Substantia Nigra (physiology), Ventral Tegmental Area (anatomy & histology), Ventral Tegmental Area (drug effects), Ventral Tegmental Area (physiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , pharmacology : Central Nervous System Stimulants, Dextroamphetamine.
- anatomy & histology : Neural Pathways, Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area.
- drug effects : Dopaminergic Neurons, Neural Pathways, Psychomotor Performance, Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area.
- physiology : Dopaminergic Neurons, Learning, Neural Inhibition, Neural Pathways, Psychomotor Performance, Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area.
- Animals, Male, Microelectrodes, Microscopy, Electron, Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rotation.
Abstract
Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. The GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA), also named the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), displays dense projections to the midbrain and exerts electrophysiological control over dopamine cells of the VTA. However, the influence of the tVTA on the nigrostriatal pathway, from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to the dorsal striatum, and on related functions remains to be addressed. The present study highlights the role played by the tVTA as a GABA brake for the nigrostriatal system, demonstrating a critical influence over motor functions. Using neuroanatomical approaches with tract tracing and electron microscopy, we reveal the presence of a tVTA–SNc–dorsal striatum pathway. Using
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.129
PubMed: 24896615
PubMed Central: 4200489
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PMC:4200489Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. The GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA), also named the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), displays dense projections to the midbrain and exerts electrophysiological control over dopamine cells of the VTA. However, the influence of the tVTA on the nigrostriatal pathway, from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to the dorsal striatum, and on related functions remains to be addressed. The present study highlights the role played by the tVTA as a GABA brake for the nigrostriatal system, demonstrating a critical influence over motor functions. Using neuroanatomical approaches with tract tracing and electron microscopy, we reveal the presence of a tVTA–SNc–dorsal striatum pathway. Using <italic>in vivo</italic>
electrophysiology, we prove that the tVTA is a major inhibitory control center for SNc dopamine cells. Using behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the tVTA controls rotation behavior, motor coordination, and motor skill learning. The motor enhancements observed after ablation of the tVTA are in this regard comparable with the performance-enhancing properties of amphetamine, a drug used in doping. These findings demonstrate that the tVTA is a major GABA brake for nigral dopamine systems and nigrostriatal functions, and they raise important questions about how the tVTA is integrated within the basal ganglia circuitry. They also warrant further research on the tVTA's role in motor and dopamine-related pathological contexts such as Parkinson's disease.</p>
</div>
</front>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Kaufling, Jennifer" sort="Kaufling, Jennifer" uniqKey="Kaufling J" first="Jennifer" last="Kaufling">Jennifer Kaufling</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" sort="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" uniqKey="Balcita Pedicino J" first="Judith J" last="Balcita-Pedicino">Judith J. Balcita-Pedicino</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" sort="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" uniqKey="Freund Mercier M" first="Marie-José" last="Freund-Mercier">Marie-José Freund-Mercier</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Université de Strasbourg</institution>
, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Veinante, Pierre" sort="Veinante, Pierre" uniqKey="Veinante P" first="Pierre" last="Veinante">Pierre Veinante</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience</institution>
, Bordeaux,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Barrot, Michel" sort="Barrot, Michel" uniqKey="Barrot M" first="Michel" last="Barrot">Michel Barrot</name>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Catalan, Maria Jose" sort="Sanchez Catalan, Maria Jose" uniqKey="Sanchez Catalan M" first="María-José" last="Sánchez-Catalán">María-José Sánchez-Catalán</name>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" sort="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" uniqKey="Balcita Pedicino J" first="Judith J" last="Balcita-Pedicino">Judith J. Balcita-Pedicino</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" sort="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" uniqKey="Freund Mercier M" first="Marie-José" last="Freund-Mercier">Marie-José Freund-Mercier</name>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Université de Strasbourg</institution>
, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Veinante, Pierre" sort="Veinante, Pierre" uniqKey="Veinante P" first="Pierre" last="Veinante">Pierre Veinante</name>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Georges, Francois" sort="Georges, Francois" uniqKey="Georges F" first="François" last="Georges">François Georges</name>
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, Bordeaux,<country>France</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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, Bordeaux,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Barrot, Michel" sort="Barrot, Michel" uniqKey="Barrot M" first="Michel" last="Barrot">Michel Barrot</name>
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, Strasbourg,<country>France</country>
</nlm:aff>
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<series><title level="j">Neuropsychopharmacology</title>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. The GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA), also named the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), displays dense projections to the midbrain and exerts electrophysiological control over dopamine cells of the VTA. However, the influence of the tVTA on the nigrostriatal pathway, from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to the dorsal striatum, and on related functions remains to be addressed. The present study highlights the role played by the tVTA as a GABA brake for the nigrostriatal system, demonstrating a critical influence over motor functions. Using neuroanatomical approaches with tract tracing and electron microscopy, we reveal the presence of a tVTA–SNc–dorsal striatum pathway. Using <italic>in vivo</italic>
electrophysiology, we prove that the tVTA is a major inhibitory control center for SNc dopamine cells. Using behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the tVTA controls rotation behavior, motor coordination, and motor skill learning. The motor enhancements observed after ablation of the tVTA are in this regard comparable with the performance-enhancing properties of amphetamine, a drug used in doping. These findings demonstrate that the tVTA is a major GABA brake for nigral dopamine systems and nigrostriatal functions, and they raise important questions about how the tVTA is integrated within the basal ganglia circuitry. They also warrant further research on the tVTA's role in motor and dopamine-related pathological contexts such as Parkinson's disease.</p>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Control of the nigrostriatal dopamine neuron activity and motor function by the tail of the ventral tegmental area.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bourdy, Romain" sort="Bourdy, Romain" uniqKey="Bourdy R" first="Romain" last="Bourdy">Romain Bourdy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sanchez Catalan, Maria Jose" sort="Sanchez Catalan, Maria Jose" uniqKey="Sanchez Catalan M" first="María-José" last="Sánchez-Catalán">María-José Sánchez-Catalán</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaufling, Jennifer" sort="Kaufling, Jennifer" uniqKey="Kaufling J" first="Jennifer" last="Kaufling">Jennifer Kaufling</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" sort="Balcita Pedicino, Judith J" uniqKey="Balcita Pedicino J" first="Judith J" last="Balcita-Pedicino">Judith J. Balcita-Pedicino</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
<settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pittsburgh</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" sort="Freund Mercier, Marie Jose" uniqKey="Freund Mercier M" first="Marie-José" last="Freund-Mercier">Marie-José Freund-Mercier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veinante, Pierre" sort="Veinante, Pierre" uniqKey="Veinante P" first="Pierre" last="Veinante">Pierre Veinante</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>1] Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Grand Est</region>
<region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Strasbourg</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sesack, Susan R" sort="Sesack, Susan R" uniqKey="Sesack S" first="Susan R" last="Sesack">Susan R. Sesack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea>
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<settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Pittsburgh</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Georges, Francois" sort="Georges, Francois" uniqKey="Georges F" first="François" last="Georges">François Georges</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>1] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France [2] Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>1] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux, France [2] Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region">Nouvelle-Aquitaine</region>
<region type="old region">Aquitaine</region>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrot, Michel" sort="Barrot, Michel" uniqKey="Barrot M" first="Michel" last="Barrot">Michel Barrot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="old region">Alsace (région administrative)</region>
<settlement type="city">Strasbourg</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1740-634X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Central Nervous System Stimulants (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Dextroamphetamine (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Dopaminergic Neurons (drug effects)</term>
<term>Dopaminergic Neurons (physiology)</term>
<term>Learning (physiology)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Microelectrodes</term>
<term>Microscopy, Electron</term>
<term>Neural Inhibition (physiology)</term>
<term>Neural Pathways (anatomy & histology)</term>
<term>Neural Pathways (drug effects)</term>
<term>Neural Pathways (physiology)</term>
<term>Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques</term>
<term>Psychomotor Performance (drug effects)</term>
<term>Psychomotor Performance (physiology)</term>
<term>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</term>
<term>Rotation</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra (anatomy & histology)</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra (drug effects)</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra (physiology)</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area (anatomy & histology)</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area (drug effects)</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area (physiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aire tegmentale ventrale ()</term>
<term>Aire tegmentale ventrale (anatomie et histologie)</term>
<term>Aire tegmentale ventrale (physiologie)</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Apprentissage (physiologie)</term>
<term>Dexamfétamine (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Inhibition nerveuse (physiologie)</term>
<term>Microscopie électronique</term>
<term>Microélectrodes</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Neurones dopaminergiques ()</term>
<term>Neurones dopaminergiques (physiologie)</term>
<term>Performance psychomotrice ()</term>
<term>Performance psychomotrice (physiologie)</term>
<term>Rat Sprague-Dawley</term>
<term>Rotation</term>
<term>Stimulants du système nerveux central (pharmacologie)</term>
<term>Substantia nigra ()</term>
<term>Substantia nigra (anatomie et histologie)</term>
<term>Substantia nigra (physiologie)</term>
<term>Techniques de traçage neuroanatomique</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses ()</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses (anatomie et histologie)</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
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<term>Dextroamphetamine</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomie et histologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aire tegmentale ventrale</term>
<term>Substantia nigra</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomy & histology" xml:lang="en"><term>Neural Pathways</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Dopaminergic Neurons</term>
<term>Neural Pathways</term>
<term>Psychomotor Performance</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Dexamfétamine</term>
<term>Stimulants du système nerveux central</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aire tegmentale ventrale</term>
<term>Apprentissage</term>
<term>Inhibition nerveuse</term>
<term>Neurones dopaminergiques</term>
<term>Performance psychomotrice</term>
<term>Substantia nigra</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Dopaminergic Neurons</term>
<term>Learning</term>
<term>Neural Inhibition</term>
<term>Neural Pathways</term>
<term>Psychomotor Performance</term>
<term>Substantia Nigra</term>
<term>Ventral Tegmental Area</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Microelectrodes</term>
<term>Microscopy, Electron</term>
<term>Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques</term>
<term>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</term>
<term>Rotation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Aire tegmentale ventrale</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Microscopie électronique</term>
<term>Microélectrodes</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Neurones dopaminergiques</term>
<term>Performance psychomotrice</term>
<term>Rat Sprague-Dawley</term>
<term>Rotation</term>
<term>Substantia nigra</term>
<term>Techniques de traçage neuroanatomique</term>
<term>Voies nerveuses</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Midbrain dopamine neurons are implicated in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. The GABAergic tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA), also named the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), displays dense projections to the midbrain and exerts electrophysiological control over dopamine cells of the VTA. However, the influence of the tVTA on the nigrostriatal pathway, from the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) to the dorsal striatum, and on related functions remains to be addressed. The present study highlights the role played by the tVTA as a GABA brake for the nigrostriatal system, demonstrating a critical influence over motor functions. Using neuroanatomical approaches with tract tracing and electron microscopy, we reveal the presence of a tVTA-SNc-dorsal striatum pathway. Using in vivo electrophysiology, we prove that the tVTA is a major inhibitory control center for SNc dopamine cells. Using behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the tVTA controls rotation behavior, motor coordination, and motor skill learning. The motor enhancements observed after ablation of the tVTA are in this regard comparable with the performance-enhancing properties of amphetamine, a drug used in doping. These findings demonstrate that the tVTA is a major GABA brake for nigral dopamine systems and nigrostriatal functions, and they raise important questions about how the tVTA is integrated within the basal ganglia circuitry. They also warrant further research on the tVTA's role in motor and dopamine-related pathological contexts such as Parkinson's disease.</div>
</front>
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