Free radical biology of the cardiovascular system
Identifieur interne : 009832 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 009831; suivant : 009833Free radical biology of the cardiovascular system
Auteurs : Alex F. Chen [États-Unis] ; Dan-Dan Chen [États-Unis] ; Andreas Daiber [Allemagne] ; Frank M. Faraci [États-Unis] ; Huige Li [Allemagne] ; Christopher M. Rembold [États-Unis] ; Ismail Laher [Canada]Source :
- Clinical science : (1979) [ 0143-5221 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Cellule souche, Oxygène, Médecine.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as age-related cardiovascular alterations, are accompanied by increases in oxidative stress, usually due to increased generation and/or decreased metabolism of ROS (reactive oxygen species; for example superoxide radicals) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species; for example peroxynitrite). The superoxide anion is generated by several enzymatic reactions, including a variety of NADPH oxidases and uncoupled eNOS (endothelial NO synthase). To relieve the burden caused by this generation of free radicals, which also occurs as part of normal physiological processes, such as mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, mammalian systems have developed endogenous antioxidant enzymes. There is an increased usage of exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E by many patients and the general public, ostensibly in an attempt to supplement intrinsic antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, the results of large-scale trails do not generate much enthusiasm for the continued use of antioxidants to mitigate free-radical-induced changes in the cardiovascular system. In the present paper, we review the clinical use of antioxidants by providing the rationale for their use and describe the outcomes of several large-scale trails that largely display negative outcomes. We also describe the emerging understanding of the detailed regulation of superoxide generation by an uncoupled eNOS and efforts to reverse eNOS uncoupling. SIRTI (sirtuin I), which regulates the expression and activity of multiple pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes, could be considered a candidate molecule for a 'molecular switch'.
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Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Dan Dan" sort="Chen, Dan Dan" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Dan-Dan" last="Chen">Dan-Dan Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daiber, Andreas" sort="Daiber, Andreas" uniqKey="Daiber A" first="Andreas" last="Daiber">Andreas Daiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Medical Clinic 2nd, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University</s1><s2>Mainz</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faraci, Frank M" sort="Faraci, Frank M" uniqKey="Faraci F" first="Frank M." last="Faraci">Frank M. Faraci</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa</s1><s2>Iowa City, IA 52242</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Huige" sort="Li, Huige" uniqKey="Li H" first="Huige" last="Li">Huige Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University</s1><s2>Mainz</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rembold, Christopher M" sort="Rembold, Christopher M" uniqKey="Rembold C" first="Christopher M." last="Rembold">Christopher M. 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Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Dan Dan" sort="Chen, Dan Dan" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Dan-Dan" last="Chen">Dan-Dan Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Surgery, McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Pittsburgh, PA 15213</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daiber, Andreas" sort="Daiber, Andreas" uniqKey="Daiber A" first="Andreas" last="Daiber">Andreas Daiber</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Medical Clinic 2nd, Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University</s1><s2>Mainz</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faraci, Frank M" sort="Faraci, Frank M" uniqKey="Faraci F" first="Frank M." last="Faraci">Frank M. Faraci</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa</s1><s2>Iowa City, IA 52242</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Iowa City</settlement><region type="state">Iowa</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de l'Iowa</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Huige" sort="Li, Huige" uniqKey="Li H" first="Huige" last="Li">Huige Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University</s1><s2>Mainz</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region><settlement type="city">Mayence</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rembold, Christopher M" sort="Rembold, Christopher M" uniqKey="Rembold C" first="Christopher M." last="Rembold">Christopher M. Rembold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia</s1><s2>Charlottesville, VA 22908</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Charlottesville, VA 22908</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laher, Ismail" sort="Laher, Ismail" uniqKey="Laher I" first="Ismail" last="Laher">Ismail Laher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall</s1><s2>Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical science : (1979)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. sci. : (1979)</title><idno type="ISSN">0143-5221</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Clinical science : (1979)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. sci. : (1979)</title><idno type="ISSN">0143-5221</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Anions</term><term>Cardiovascular disease</term><term>Circulatory system</term><term>Endothelial cell</term><term>Free radical</term><term>Hyperoxides</term><term>Mechanism of action</term><term>Medicine</term><term>Oxidative stress</term><term>Oxygen</term><term>Progenitor cell</term><term>Sirtuin</term><term>Stem cell</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Radical libre</term><term>Mécanisme action</term><term>Appareil circulatoire</term><term>Pathologie de l'appareil circulatoire</term><term>Cellule endothéliale</term><term>Cellule souche</term><term>Cellule progéniteur</term><term>Stress oxydatif</term><term>Hyperoxyde</term><term>Anion</term><term>Oxygène</term><term>Médecine</term><term>Sirtuin</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cellule souche</term><term>Oxygène</term><term>Médecine</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as age-related cardiovascular alterations, are accompanied by increases in oxidative stress, usually due to increased generation and/or decreased metabolism of ROS (reactive oxygen species; for example superoxide radicals) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species; for example peroxynitrite). The superoxide anion is generated by several enzymatic reactions, including a variety of NADPH oxidases and uncoupled eNOS (endothelial NO synthase). To relieve the burden caused by this generation of free radicals, which also occurs as part of normal physiological processes, such as mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, mammalian systems have developed endogenous antioxidant enzymes. There is an increased usage of exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E by many patients and the general public, ostensibly in an attempt to supplement intrinsic antioxidant activity. Unfortunately, the results of large-scale trails do not generate much enthusiasm for the continued use of antioxidants to mitigate free-radical-induced changes in the cardiovascular system. In the present paper, we review the clinical use of antioxidants by providing the rationale for their use and describe the outcomes of several large-scale trails that largely display negative outcomes. We also describe the emerging understanding of the detailed regulation of superoxide generation by an uncoupled eNOS and efforts to reverse eNOS uncoupling. SIRTI (sirtuin I), which regulates the expression and activity of multiple pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes, could be considered a candidate molecule for a 'molecular switch'.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Canada</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Iowa</li><li>Rhénanie-Palatinat</li></region><settlement><li>Iowa City</li><li>Mayence</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de l'Iowa</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Alex F" sort="Chen, Alex F" uniqKey="Chen A" first="Alex F." last="Chen">Alex F. Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Dan Dan" sort="Chen, Dan Dan" uniqKey="Chen D" first="Dan-Dan" last="Chen">Dan-Dan Chen</name><name sortKey="Faraci, Frank M" sort="Faraci, Frank M" uniqKey="Faraci F" first="Frank M." last="Faraci">Frank M. Faraci</name><name sortKey="Rembold, Christopher M" sort="Rembold, Christopher M" uniqKey="Rembold C" first="Christopher M." last="Rembold">Christopher M. Rembold</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Rhénanie-Palatinat"><name sortKey="Daiber, Andreas" sort="Daiber, Andreas" uniqKey="Daiber A" first="Andreas" last="Daiber">Andreas Daiber</name></region><name sortKey="Li, Huige" sort="Li, Huige" uniqKey="Li H" first="Huige" last="Li">Huige Li</name></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Laher, Ismail" sort="Laher, Ismail" uniqKey="Laher I" first="Ismail" last="Laher">Ismail Laher</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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