Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Identifieur interne : 005280 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 005279; suivant : 005281Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Auteurs : Jean B. Nachega [États-Unis, Afrique du Sud] ; Jean-Jacques Parienti [France] ; Olalekan A. Uthman [Royaume-Uni, Afrique du Sud] ; Robert Gross [États-Unis] ; David W. Dowdy [États-Unis] ; Paul E. Sax [États-Unis] ; Joel E. Gallant [États-Unis] ; Michael J. Mugavero [États-Unis] ; Edward J. Mills [Canada] ; Thomas P. Giordano [États-Unis]Source :
- Clinical infectious diseases [ 1058-4838 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Agents antiVIH.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections à VIH.
- usage thérapeutique : Agents antiVIH.
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Anti-HIV Agents.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Anti-HIV Agents.
- drug therapy : HIV Infections.
- Adult, Humans, Patient Compliance, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Viral Load.
Abstract
Background. Contemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens are simpler than in the past, with lower pill burden and once-daily dosing frequency common. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of pill burden and once-daily vs twice-daily dosing on ART adherence and virological outcomes. Methods. A literature search of 4 electronic databases through 31 March 2013 was used. RCTs comparing once-daily vs twice-daily ART regimens that also reported on adherence and virological suppression were included. Study design, study population characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and study quality were extracted. Study quality was rated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 6312 adult patients). Higher pill burden was associated with both lower adherence rates (P = .004) and worse virological suppression (P < .0001) in both once-daily and twice-daily subgroups, although the association with adherence in the once-daily subgroup was not statistically significant. The average adherence was modestly higher in once-daily regimens than twice-daily regimens (weighted mean difference = 2.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.87; P = .0002). Patients on once-daily regimens did not achieve virological suppression more frequently than patients on twice-daily regimens (relative risk [RR] = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.03; P = .50). Both adherence and viral load suppression decreased over time, but adherence decreased less with once-daily dosing than with twice-daily dosing. Conclusions. Lower pill burden was associated with both better adherence and virological suppression. Adherence, but not virological suppression, was slightly better with once- vs twice-daily regimens.
Url:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000B05
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :003B23
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000637
- to stream Main, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :005560
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001A79
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001A54
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000D94
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002E40
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002E21
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002E21
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000D76
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000D76
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000D76
- to stream Main, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :002456
Links to Exploration step
Pascal:14-0137144Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</s1><s2>Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Faculté de Médecine, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</s1><s2>Caen</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Health Sciences, Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</s1><s2>Coventry</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Southwest CARE Center</s1><s2>Santa Fe, New Mexico</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>University of Alabama at Birmingham</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Alabama at Birmingham</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ontario</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Houston, Texas</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">14-0137144</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0137144 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0137144</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000B05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">003B23</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000637</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000637</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1058-4838:2014:Nachega J:lower:pill:burden</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">005560</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3982838</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3982838</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001A79</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001A79</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001A54</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001A54</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000D94</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000D94</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002E40</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002E40</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1058-4838:2014:Nachega J:lower:pill:burden</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002456</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">005280</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</s1><s2>Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Faculté de Médecine, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</s1><s2>Caen</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Health Sciences, Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</s1><s2>Coventry</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Southwest CARE Center</s1><s2>Santa Fe, New Mexico</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>University of Alabama at Birmingham</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Alabama at Birmingham</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ontario</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Houston, Texas</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Clinical infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS</term><term>Adult</term><term>Anti-HIV Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>HIV Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Patient Compliance</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Treatment</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Agents antiVIH (administration et posologie)</term><term>Agents antiVIH (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Observance thérapeutique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents antiVIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents antiVIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Humans</term><term>Patient Compliance</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Humains</term><term>Observance thérapeutique</term><term>SIDA</term><term>Traitement</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background. Contemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens are simpler than in the past, with lower pill burden and once-daily dosing frequency common. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of pill burden and once-daily vs twice-daily dosing on ART adherence and virological outcomes. Methods. A literature search of 4 electronic databases through 31 March 2013 was used. RCTs comparing once-daily vs twice-daily ART regimens that also reported on adherence and virological suppression were included. Study design, study population characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and study quality were extracted. Study quality was rated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 6312 adult patients). Higher pill burden was associated with both lower adherence rates (P = .004) and worse virological suppression (P < .0001) in both once-daily and twice-daily subgroups, although the association with adherence in the once-daily subgroup was not statistically significant. The average adherence was modestly higher in once-daily regimens than twice-daily regimens (weighted mean difference = 2.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.87; P = .0002). Patients on once-daily regimens did not achieve virological suppression more frequently than patients on twice-daily regimens (relative risk [RR] = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.03; P = .50). Both adherence and viral load suppression decreased over time, but adherence decreased less with once-daily dosing than with twice-daily dosing. Conclusions. Lower pill burden was associated with both better adherence and virological suppression. Adherence, but not virological suppression, was slightly better with once- vs twice-daily regimens.</div></front></TEI><double idat="1058-4838:2014:Nachega J:lower:pill:burden"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</s1><s2>Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Faculté de Médecine, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</s1><s2>Caen</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Health Sciences, Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</s1><s2>Coventry</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Southwest CARE Center</s1><s2>Santa Fe, New Mexico</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>University of Alabama at Birmingham</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Alabama at Birmingham</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ontario</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Houston, Texas</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">14-0137144</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 14-0137144 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:14-0137144</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000B05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">003B23</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000637</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000637</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1058-4838:2014:Nachega J:lower:pill:burden</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">005560</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</s1><s2>Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</s1><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Faculté de Médecine, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</s1><s2>Caen</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region">Région Normandie</region><region type="old region">Basse-Normandie</region><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement><settlement type="city">Caen</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Caen Basse-Normandie</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Division of Health Sciences, Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</s1><s2>Coventry</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Coventry</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</s1><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University</s1><s2>Cape Town</s2><s3>ZAF</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:noRegion>Cape Town</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</s1><s2>Baltimore, Maryland</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</s1><s2>Boston, Massachusetts</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>Southwest CARE Center</s1><s2>Santa Fe, New Mexico</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>University of Alabama at Birmingham</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Alabama at Birmingham</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa</s1><s2>Ontario</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Houston, Texas</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Clinical infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Clinical infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Clin. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS</term><term>Treatment</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>SIDA</term><term>Traitement</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background. Contemporary antiretroviral treatment regimens are simpler than in the past, with lower pill burden and once-daily dosing frequency common. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the impact of pill burden and once-daily vs twice-daily dosing on ART adherence and virological outcomes. Methods. A literature search of 4 electronic databases through 31 March 2013 was used. RCTs comparing once-daily vs twice-daily ART regimens that also reported on adherence and virological suppression were included. Study design, study population characteristics, intervention, outcome measures, and study quality were extracted. Study quality was rated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results. Nineteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 6312 adult patients). Higher pill burden was associated with both lower adherence rates (P = .004) and worse virological suppression (P < .0001) in both once-daily and twice-daily subgroups, although the association with adherence in the once-daily subgroup was not statistically significant. The average adherence was modestly higher in once-daily regimens than twice-daily regimens (weighted mean difference = 2.55%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 3.87; P = .0002). Patients on once-daily regimens did not achieve virological suppression more frequently than patients on twice-daily regimens (relative risk [RR] = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.03; P = .50). Both adherence and viral load suppression decreased over time, but adherence decreased less with once-daily dosing than with twice-daily dosing. Conclusions. Lower pill burden was associated with both better adherence and virological suppression. Adherence, but not virological suppression, was slightly better with once- vs twice-daily regimens.</div></front></TEI></INIST><PMC><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology</addr-line>,<institution>Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Pennsylvania</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Baltimore, Maryland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Medicine,</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><addr-line>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line>Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research</addr-line>,<institution>Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Faculté de Médecine</addr-line>,<institution>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</institution>,<addr-line>Caen</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7"><addr-line>Division of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line>Coventry</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8"><institution>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</institution>,<country>United Kingdom</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><addr-line>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line>Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10"><addr-line>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center</addr-line>,<institution>University of Pennsylvania</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Baltimore, Maryland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af11"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af12"><institution>Southwest CARE Center</institution>,<addr-line>Santa Fe, New Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Santa Fe</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af13"><institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14"><addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line>Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af15"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety</addr-line>,<institution>Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</institution>,<country>Houston, Texas</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24457345</idno><idno type="pmc">3982838</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3982838</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3982838</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/cid/ciu046</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001A79</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001A79</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001A54</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001A54</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000D94</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000D94</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002E40</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002E40</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002E21</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000D76</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1058-4838:2014:Nachega J:lower:pill:burden</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002456</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</title><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean B" sort="Nachega, Jean B" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean B." last="Nachega">Jean B. Nachega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Epidemiology</addr-line>,<institution>Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Pennsylvania</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Baltimore, Maryland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3"><addr-line>Department of Medicine,</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><addr-line>Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line>Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jean Jacques" sort="Parienti, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Parienti J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Parienti">Jean-Jacques Parienti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research</addr-line>,<institution>Côte de Nacre University, Côte de Nacre Teaching Hospital</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Faculté de Médecine</addr-line>,<institution>Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, EA 4655 Risque Microbien</institution>,<addr-line>Caen</addr-line>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uthman, Olalekan A" sort="Uthman, Olalekan A" uniqKey="Uthman O" first="Olalekan A." last="Uthman">Olalekan A. Uthman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af7"><addr-line>Division of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Warwick-Centre for Applied Health Research and Delivery (WCARHD), Warwick Medical School, The University of Warwick</institution>,<addr-line>Coventry</addr-line></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8"><institution>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, International Health Group</institution>,<country>United Kingdom</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9"><addr-line>Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>,<addr-line>Cape Town</addr-line>,<country>South Africa</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, Robert" sort="Gross, Robert" uniqKey="Gross R" first="Robert" last="Gross">Robert Gross</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af10"><addr-line>Perelman School of Medicine, and Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center</addr-line>,<institution>University of Pennsylvania</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, David W" sort="Dowdy, David W" uniqKey="Dowdy D" first="David W." last="Dowdy">David W. Dowdy</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</institution>,<addr-line>Baltimore, Maryland</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Paul E" sort="Sax, Paul E" uniqKey="Sax P" first="Paul E." last="Sax">Paul E. Sax</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af11"><institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Joel E" sort="Gallant, Joel E" uniqKey="Gallant J" first="Joel E." last="Gallant">Joel E. Gallant</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af12"><institution>Southwest CARE Center</institution>,<addr-line>Santa Fe, New Mexico</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Santa Fe</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Michael J" sort="Mugavero, Michael J" uniqKey="Mugavero M" first="Michael J." last="Mugavero">Michael J. Mugavero</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af13"><institution>University of Alabama at Birmingham</institution></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, Edward J" sort="Mills, Edward J" uniqKey="Mills E" first="Edward J." last="Mills">Edward J. Mills</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14"><addr-line>Faculty of Health Sciences</addr-line>,<institution>University of Ottawa</institution>,<addr-line>Ontario</addr-line>,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Thomas P" sort="Giordano, Thomas P" uniqKey="Giordano T" first="Thomas P." last="Giordano">Thomas P. Giordano</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af15"><addr-line>Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety</addr-line>,<institution>Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center</institution>,<country>Houston, Texas</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Texas</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>The University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America</title><idno type="ISSN">1058-4838</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-6591</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Anti-HIV Agents (administration & dosage)</term><term>Anti-HIV Agents (therapeutic use)</term><term>HIV Infections (drug therapy)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Patient Compliance</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Agents antiVIH (administration et posologie)</term><term>Agents antiVIH (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Observance thérapeutique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Anti-HIV Agents</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents antiVIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agents antiVIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Humans</term><term>Patient Compliance</term><term>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</term><term>Viral Load</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Charge virale</term><term>Essais contrôlés randomisés comme sujet</term><term>Humains</term><term>Observance thérapeutique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Once-daily compared with twice-daily antiretroviral therapy regimens increased adherence; however, the difference was modest and not associated with a difference in virological suppression. In addition, higher pill burden was associated with lower rates of virological suppression, whether once- or twice-daily regimens.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perry, S" uniqKey="Perry S">S Perry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Charlebois, Ed" uniqKey="Charlebois E">ED Charlebois</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jb" uniqKey="Nachega J">JB Nachega</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hislop, M" uniqKey="Hislop M">M Hislop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowdy, Dw" uniqKey="Dowdy D">DW Dowdy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaisson, Re" uniqKey="Chaisson R">RE Chaisson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Regensberg, L" uniqKey="Regensberg L">L Regensberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maartens, G" uniqKey="Maartens G">G Maartens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wood, E" uniqKey="Wood E">E Wood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hogg, Rs" uniqKey="Hogg R">RS Hogg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, B" uniqKey="Yip B">B Yip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harrigan, Pr" uniqKey="Harrigan P">PR Harrigan</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Shaughnessy, Mv" uniqKey="O Shaughnessy M">MV O'Shaughnessy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montaner, Js" uniqKey="Montaner J">JS Montaner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jb" uniqKey="Nachega J">JB Nachega</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mugavero, Mj" uniqKey="Mugavero M">MJ Mugavero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeier, M" uniqKey="Zeier M">M Zeier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vitoria, M" uniqKey="Vitoria M">M Vitoria</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Je" uniqKey="Gallant J">JE Gallant</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallant, Je" uniqKey="Gallant J">JE Gallant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dejesus, E" uniqKey="Dejesus E">E DeJesus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arribas, Jr" uniqKey="Arribas J">JR Arribas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cj" uniqKey="Cohen C">CJ Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade Villanueva, J" uniqKey="Andrade Villanueva J">J Andrade-Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clotet, B" uniqKey="Clotet B">B Clotet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sax, Pe" uniqKey="Sax P">PE Sax</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dejesus, E" uniqKey="Dejesus E">E DeJesus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, A" uniqKey="Mills A">A Mills</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sax, Pe" uniqKey="Sax P">PE Sax</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jj" uniqKey="Parienti J">JJ Parienti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Verdon, R" uniqKey="Verdon R">R Verdon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gardner, Em" uniqKey="Gardner E">EM Gardner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thorlund, K" uniqKey="Thorlund K">K Thorlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anema, A" uniqKey="Anema A">A Anema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mills, E" uniqKey="Mills E">E Mills</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molina, Jm" uniqKey="Molina J">JM Molina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamarca, A" uniqKey="Lamarca A">A Lamarca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade Villanueva, J" uniqKey="Andrade Villanueva J">J Andrade-Villanueva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maserati, R" uniqKey="Maserati R">R Maserati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brandolini, M" uniqKey="Brandolini M">M Brandolini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cattelan, A" uniqKey="Cattelan A">A Cattelan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eron, Jj" uniqKey="Eron J">JJ Eron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rockstroh, Jk" uniqKey="Rockstroh J">JK Rockstroh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reynes, J" uniqKey="Reynes J">J Reynes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cahn, P" uniqKey="Cahn P">P Cahn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fourie, J" uniqKey="Fourie J">J Fourie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grinsztejn, B" uniqKey="Grinsztejn B">B Grinsztejn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arasteh, K" uniqKey="Arasteh K">K Arasteh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, D" uniqKey="Ward D">D Ward</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plettenberg, A" uniqKey="Plettenberg A">A Plettenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zajdenverg, R" uniqKey="Zajdenverg R">R Zajdenverg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Podsadecki, Tj" uniqKey="Podsadecki T">TJ Podsadecki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badal Faesen, S" uniqKey="Badal Faesen S">S Badal-Faesen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vispo, E" uniqKey="Vispo E">E Vispo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barreiro, P" uniqKey="Barreiro P">P Barreiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maida, I" uniqKey="Maida I">I Maida</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Garcia, J" uniqKey="Gonzalez Garcia J">J Gonzalez-Garcia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, D" uniqKey="Cohen D">D Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, M" uniqKey="Johnson M">M Johnson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flexner, C" uniqKey="Flexner C">C Flexner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tierney, C" uniqKey="Tierney C">C Tierney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gross, R" uniqKey="Gross R">R Gross</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Da" uniqKey="Cooper D">DA Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heera, J" uniqKey="Heera J">J Heera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Goodrich, J" uniqKey="Goodrich J">J Goodrich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Campo, Re" uniqKey="Campo R">RE Campo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, C" uniqKey="Cohen C">C Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimm, K" uniqKey="Grimm K">K Grimm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shangguan, T" uniqKey="Shangguan T">T Shangguan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maa, J" uniqKey="Maa J">J Maa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seekins, D" uniqKey="Seekins D">D Seekins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="King, Ms" uniqKey="King M">MS King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lawal, Aa" uniqKey="Lawal A">AA Lawal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fredrick, Lm" uniqKey="Fredrick L">LM Fredrick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rode, Ra" uniqKey="Rode R">RA Rode</name></author><author><name sortKey="Podsadecki, Tj" uniqKey="Podsadecki T">TJ Podsadecki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bernstein, Bm" uniqKey="Bernstein B">BM Bernstein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gathe, J" uniqKey="Gathe J">J Gathe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Silva, Ba" uniqKey="Da Silva B">BA da Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, De" uniqKey="Cohen D">DE Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garfield, S" uniqKey="Garfield S">S Garfield</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clifford, S" uniqKey="Clifford S">S Clifford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eliasson, L" uniqKey="Eliasson L">L Eliasson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barber, N" uniqKey="Barber N">N Barber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willson, A" uniqKey="Willson A">A Willson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimmerling, M" uniqKey="Kimmerling M">M Kimmerling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, G" uniqKey="Wagner G">G Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh Dastidar, B" uniqKey="Ghosh Dastidar B">B Ghosh-Dastidar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Melbourne, Km" uniqKey="Melbourne K">KM Melbourne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geletko, Sm" uniqKey="Geletko S">SM Geletko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Sl" uniqKey="Brown S">SL Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willey Lessne, C" uniqKey="Willey Lessne C">C Willey-Lessne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chase, S" uniqKey="Chase S">S Chase</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, A" uniqKey="Fisher A">A Fisher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Gj" uniqKey="Wagner G">GJ Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rabkin, Jg" uniqKey="Rabkin J">JG Rabkin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Jp" uniqKey="Higgins J">JP Higgins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altman, Dg" uniqKey="Altman D">DG Altman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gotzsche, Pc" uniqKey="Gotzsche P">PC Gotzsche</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hozo, Sp" uniqKey="Hozo S">SP Hozo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Djulbegovic, B" uniqKey="Djulbegovic B">B Djulbegovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hozo, I" uniqKey="Hozo I">I Hozo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dersimonian, R" uniqKey="Dersimonian R">R DerSimonian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laird, N" uniqKey="Laird N">N Laird</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Jp" uniqKey="Higgins J">JP Higgins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Sg" uniqKey="Thompson S">SG Thompson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Jp" uniqKey="Higgins J">JP Higgins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Sg" uniqKey="Thompson S">SG Thompson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deeks, Jj" uniqKey="Deeks J">JJ Deeks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altman, Dg" uniqKey="Altman D">DG Altman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brok, J" uniqKey="Brok J">J Brok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thorlund, K" uniqKey="Thorlund K">K Thorlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gluud, C" uniqKey="Gluud C">C Gluud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wetterslev, J" uniqKey="Wetterslev J">J Wetterslev</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Jp" uniqKey="Higgins J">JP Higgins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whitehead, A" uniqKey="Whitehead A">A Whitehead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simmonds, M" uniqKey="Simmonds M">M Simmonds</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wetterslev, J" uniqKey="Wetterslev J">J Wetterslev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thorlund, K" uniqKey="Thorlund K">K Thorlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brok, J" uniqKey="Brok J">J Brok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gluud, C" uniqKey="Gluud C">C Gluud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wetterslev, J" uniqKey="Wetterslev J">J Wetterslev</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thorlund, K" uniqKey="Thorlund K">K Thorlund</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brok, J" uniqKey="Brok J">J Brok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gluud, C" uniqKey="Gluud C">C Gluud</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liberati, A" uniqKey="Liberati A">A Liberati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altman, Dg" uniqKey="Altman D">DG Altman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tetzlaff, J" uniqKey="Tetzlaff J">J Tetzlaff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Benson, Ca" uniqKey="Benson C">CA Benson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, C" uniqKey="Van Der Horst C">C van der Horst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamarca, A" uniqKey="Lamarca A">A Lamarca</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boyle, Ba" uniqKey="Boyle B">BA Boyle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jayaweera, D" uniqKey="Jayaweera D">D Jayaweera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Witt, Md" uniqKey="Witt M">MD Witt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimm, K" uniqKey="Grimm K">K Grimm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maa, Jf" uniqKey="Maa J">JF Maa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seekins, Dw" uniqKey="Seekins D">DW Seekins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eron, Jj" uniqKey="Eron J">JJ Eron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feinberg, J" uniqKey="Feinberg J">J Feinberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ha" uniqKey="Kessler H">HA Kessler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kubota, M" uniqKey="Kubota M">M Kubota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, C" uniqKey="Cohen C">C Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scribner, A" uniqKey="Scribner A">A Scribner</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lamarca, A" uniqKey="Lamarca A">A Lamarca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Clumeck, N" uniqKey="Clumeck N">N Clumeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plettenberg, A" uniqKey="Plettenberg A">A Plettenberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maitland, D" uniqKey="Maitland D">D Maitland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, A" uniqKey="Jackson A">A Jackson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osorio, J" uniqKey="Osorio J">J Osorio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mandalia, S" uniqKey="Mandalia S">S Mandalia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gazzard, Bg" uniqKey="Gazzard B">BG Gazzard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moyle, Gj" uniqKey="Moyle G">GJ Moyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molina, Jm" uniqKey="Molina J">JM Molina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade Villanueva, J" uniqKey="Andrade Villanueva J">J Andrade-Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Echevarria, J" uniqKey="Echevarria J">J Echevarria</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Molina, Jm" uniqKey="Molina J">JM Molina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Podsadecki, Tj" uniqKey="Podsadecki T">TJ Podsadecki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Ma" uniqKey="Johnson M">MA Johnson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parienti, Jj" uniqKey="Parienti J">JJ Parienti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massari, V" uniqKey="Massari V">V Massari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reliquet, V" uniqKey="Reliquet V">V Reliquet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Podsadecki, Tj" uniqKey="Podsadecki T">TJ Podsadecki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rode, Ra" uniqKey="Rode R">RA Rode</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naylor, C" uniqKey="Naylor C">C Naylor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, De" uniqKey="Cohen D">DE Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marsh, Tm" uniqKey="Marsh T">TM Marsh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Portsmouth, Sd" uniqKey="Portsmouth S">SD Portsmouth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Osorio, J" uniqKey="Osorio J">J Osorio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccormick, K" uniqKey="Mccormick K">K McCormick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gazzard, Bg" uniqKey="Gazzard B">BG Gazzard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moyle, Gj" uniqKey="Moyle G">GJ Moyle</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruane, P" uniqKey="Ruane P">P Ruane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, J" uniqKey="Lang J">J Lang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dejesus, E" uniqKey="Dejesus E">E DeJesus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sosa, N" uniqKey="Sosa N">N Sosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hill Zabala, C" uniqKey="Hill Zabala C">C Hill-Zabala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dejesus, E" uniqKey="Dejesus E">E Dejesus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gathe, J" uniqKey="Gathe J">J Gathe</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Silva, B" uniqKey="De Silva B">B de Silva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loufty, M" uniqKey="Loufty M">M Loufty</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ragland, K" uniqKey="Ragland K">K Ragland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monk, A" uniqKey="Monk A">A Monk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deeks, Sg" uniqKey="Deeks S">SG Deeks</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hanna, Db" uniqKey="Hanna D">DB Hanna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hessol, Na" uniqKey="Hessol N">NA Hessol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golub, Et" uniqKey="Golub E">ET Golub</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Cj" uniqKey="Cohen C">CJ Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyers, Jl" uniqKey="Meyers J">JL Meyers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Kl" uniqKey="Davis K">KL Davis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buscher, A" uniqKey="Buscher A">A Buscher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hartman, C" uniqKey="Hartman C">C Hartman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kallen, Ma" uniqKey="Kallen M">MA Kallen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, Tp" uniqKey="Giordano T">TP Giordano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Engsig, F" uniqKey="Engsig F">F Engsig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerstoft, J" uniqKey="Gerstoft J">J Gerstoft</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helleberg, Mk" uniqKey="Helleberg M">MK Helleberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ronborg, G" uniqKey="Ronborg G">G Ronborg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathiesen, L" uniqKey="Mathiesen L">L Mathiesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obel, N" uniqKey="Obel N">N Obel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chesney, Ma" uniqKey="Chesney M">MA Chesney</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mills, Ej" uniqKey="Mills E">EJ Mills</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jb" uniqKey="Nachega J">JB Nachega</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uchino, Bn" uniqKey="Uchino B">BN Uchino</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petersen, Ml" uniqKey="Petersen M">ML Petersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Laan, Mj" uniqKey="Van Der Laan M">MJ van der Laan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guzman, D" uniqKey="Guzman D">D Guzman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riley, E" uniqKey="Riley E">E Riley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bangsberg, Dr" uniqKey="Bangsberg D">DR Bangsberg</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barnighausen, T" uniqKey="Barnighausen T">T Barnighausen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaiyachati, K" uniqKey="Chaiyachati K">K Chaiyachati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chimbindi, N" uniqKey="Chimbindi N">N Chimbindi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peoples, A" uniqKey="Peoples A">A Peoples</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haberer, J" uniqKey="Haberer J">J Haberer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newell, Ml" uniqKey="Newell M">ML Newell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lester, R" uniqKey="Lester R">R Lester</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karanja, S" uniqKey="Karanja S">S Karanja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pop Eleches, C" uniqKey="Pop Eleches C">C Pop-Eleches</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thirumurthy, H" uniqKey="Thirumurthy H">H Thirumurthy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Habyarimana, Jp" uniqKey="Habyarimana J">JP Habyarimana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simoni, Jm" uniqKey="Simoni J">JM Simoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, Cr" uniqKey="Pearson C">CR Pearson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pantalone, Dw" uniqKey="Pantalone D">DW Pantalone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marks, G" uniqKey="Marks G">G Marks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crepaz, N" uniqKey="Crepaz N">N Crepaz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gross, R" uniqKey="Gross R">R Gross</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bellamy, Sl" uniqKey="Bellamy S">SL Bellamy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, J" uniqKey="Chapman J">J Chapman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walensky, Rp" uniqKey="Walensky R">RP Walensky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sax, Pe" uniqKey="Sax P">PE Sax</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Ym" uniqKey="Nakamura Y">YM Nakamura</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Der Tweel, I" uniqKey="Van Der Tweel I">I van der Tweel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bollen, C" uniqKey="Bollen C">C Bollen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shaw, Al" uniqKey="Shaw A">AL Shaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shen, G" uniqKey="Shen G">G Shen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wakeford, Cw" uniqKey="Wakeford C">CW Wakeford</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quinn, Jb" uniqKey="Quinn J">JB Quinn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rousseau, Fs" uniqKey="Rousseau F">FS Rousseau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dejesus, E" uniqKey="Dejesus E">E DeJesus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mccarty, D" uniqKey="Mccarty D">D McCarty</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farthing, Cf" uniqKey="Farthing C">CF Farthing</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wright, D" uniqKey="Wright D">D Wright</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, A" uniqKey="Rodriguez A">A Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Godofsky, E" uniqKey="Godofsky E">E Godofsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, A" uniqKey="Martin A">A Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bloch, M" uniqKey="Bloch M">M Bloch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amin, J" uniqKey="Amin J">J Amin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martinez, E" uniqKey="Martinez E">E Martinez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arranz, Ja" uniqKey="Arranz J">JA Arranz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Podzamczer, D" uniqKey="Podzamczer D">D Podzamczer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Podzamczer, D" uniqKey="Podzamczer D">D Podzamczer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olmo, M" uniqKey="Olmo M">M Olmo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanz, J" uniqKey="Sanz J">J Sanz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zajdenverg, R" uniqKey="Zajdenverg R">R Zajdenverg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badal Faesen, S" uniqKey="Badal Faesen S">S Badal-Faesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade Villanueva, J" uniqKey="Andrade Villanueva J">J Andrade-Villanueva</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Airoldi, M" uniqKey="Airoldi M">M Airoldi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaccarelli, M" uniqKey="Zaccarelli M">M Zaccarelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bisi, L" uniqKey="Bisi L">L Bisi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cooper, V" uniqKey="Cooper V">V Cooper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horne, R" uniqKey="Horne R">R Horne</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gellaitry, G" uniqKey="Gellaitry G">G Gellaitry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Musiime, V" uniqKey="Musiime V">V Musiime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kendall, L" uniqKey="Kendall L">L Kendall</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bakeera Kitaka, S" uniqKey="Bakeera Kitaka S">S Bakeera-Kitaka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nelson, M" uniqKey="Nelson M">M Nelson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Girard, Pm" uniqKey="Girard P">PM Girard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demasi, R" uniqKey="Demasi R">R Demasi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clumeck, N" uniqKey="Clumeck N">N Clumeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rieger, A" uniqKey="Rieger A">A Rieger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banhegyi, D" uniqKey="Banhegyi D">D Banhegyi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, C" uniqKey="Cohen C">C Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elion, R" uniqKey="Elion R">R Elion</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruane, P" uniqKey="Ruane P">P Ruane</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Honda, M" uniqKey="Honda M">M Honda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ishisaka, M" uniqKey="Ishisaka M">M Ishisaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ishizuka, N" uniqKey="Ishizuka N">N Ishizuka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kimura, S" uniqKey="Kimura S">S Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oka, S" uniqKey="Oka S">S Oka</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bunupuradah, T" uniqKey="Bunupuradah T">T Bunupuradah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chetchotisakd, P" uniqKey="Chetchotisakd P">P Chetchotisakd</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ananworanich, J" uniqKey="Ananworanich J">J Ananworanich</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andersson, Lm" uniqKey="Andersson L">LM Andersson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vesterbacka, J" uniqKey="Vesterbacka J">J Vesterbacka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blaxhult, A" uniqKey="Blaxhult A">A Blaxhult</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reynes, J" uniqKey="Reynes J">J Reynes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trinh, R" uniqKey="Trinh R">R Trinh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pulido, F" uniqKey="Pulido F">F Pulido</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, M" uniqKey="Bonnet M">M Bonnet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhatt, N" uniqKey="Bhatt N">N Bhatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baudin, E" uniqKey="Baudin E">E Baudin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></PMC></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Amérique/explor/PittsburghV1/Data/Main/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 005280 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 005280 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Amérique
|area= PittsburghV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= Pascal:14-0137144
|texte= Lower Pill Burden and Once-Daily Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens for HIV Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |