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Rapid loss of intraportally transplanted islets: an overview of pathophysiology and preventive strategies

Identifieur interne : 000453 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000452; suivant : 000454

Rapid loss of intraportally transplanted islets: an overview of pathophysiology and preventive strategies

Auteurs : Dirk J. Van Der Windt ; Rita Bottino ; Anna Casu ; Nathalie Campanile ; David K. C. Cooper

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:13385EC5FE4ADE6B25A5384F7E3C08EA04CA5C53

English descriptors

Abstract

Abstract:  Islets isolated from multiple pancreas donors are often necessary to achieve euglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients treated by islet allotransplantation. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. After infusion into the portal vein, a substantial percentage of islets are lost in the immediate post‐transplant period through an inflammatory response termed the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). IBMIR is equally, if not more of a problem after islet xenotransplantation, e.g., using pig islets in non‐human primates. Coagulation, platelet aggregation, complement activation, and neutrophil and monocyte infiltration play roles in this reaction. IBMIR is potentially triggered by islet surface molecules, such as tissue factor and collagen residues that are normally not in direct contact with the blood. Also, stress during the islet isolation process results in the expression and production of several inflammatory mediators by the islets themselves. The potential mechanisms involved in this rapid graft loss and treatment options to reduce this loss are reviewed. Preventive strategies for IBMIR can include systemic treatment of the recipient, pre‐conditioning of the isolated islets, or, in the case of xenotransplantation, genetic modification of the organ‐source pig. Pre‐conditioning of islets in culture by exposure to anti‐inflammatory agents or by genetic modification harbors fewer risks of systemic complications in the recipient. The future of clinical islet transplantation will, at least in part, depend on the success of efforts made to reduce rapid graft loss, and thus allow islet transplantation to become a more efficient therapy by the use of single donors.

Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2007.00419.x

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:13385EC5FE4ADE6B25A5384F7E3C08EA04CA5C53

Le document en format XML

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<div type="abstract">Abstract:  Islets isolated from multiple pancreas donors are often necessary to achieve euglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients treated by islet allotransplantation. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. After infusion into the portal vein, a substantial percentage of islets are lost in the immediate post‐transplant period through an inflammatory response termed the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). IBMIR is equally, if not more of a problem after islet xenotransplantation, e.g., using pig islets in non‐human primates. Coagulation, platelet aggregation, complement activation, and neutrophil and monocyte infiltration play roles in this reaction. IBMIR is potentially triggered by islet surface molecules, such as tissue factor and collagen residues that are normally not in direct contact with the blood. Also, stress during the islet isolation process results in the expression and production of several inflammatory mediators by the islets themselves. The potential mechanisms involved in this rapid graft loss and treatment options to reduce this loss are reviewed. Preventive strategies for IBMIR can include systemic treatment of the recipient, pre‐conditioning of the isolated islets, or, in the case of xenotransplantation, genetic modification of the organ‐source pig. Pre‐conditioning of islets in culture by exposure to anti‐inflammatory agents or by genetic modification harbors fewer risks of systemic complications in the recipient. The future of clinical islet transplantation will, at least in part, depend on the success of efforts made to reduce rapid graft loss, and thus allow islet transplantation to become a more efficient therapy by the use of single donors.</div>
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Islets isolated from multiple pancreas donors are often necessary to achieve euglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients treated by islet allotransplantation. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. After infusion into the portal vein, a substantial percentage of islets are lost in the immediate post‐transplant period through an inflammatory response termed the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). IBMIR is equally, if not more of a problem after islet xenotransplantation, e.g., using pig islets in non‐human primates. Coagulation, platelet aggregation, complement activation, and neutrophil and monocyte infiltration play roles in this reaction. IBMIR is potentially triggered by islet surface molecules, such as tissue factor and collagen residues that are normally not in direct contact with the blood. Also, stress during the islet isolation process results in the expression and production of several inflammatory mediators by the islets themselves. The potential mechanisms involved in this rapid graft loss and treatment options to reduce this loss are reviewed. Preventive strategies for IBMIR can include systemic treatment of the recipient, pre‐conditioning of the isolated islets, or, in the case of xenotransplantation, genetic modification of the organ‐source pig. Pre‐conditioning of islets in culture by exposure to anti‐inflammatory agents or by genetic modification harbors fewer risks of systemic complications in the recipient. The future of clinical islet transplantation will, at least in part, depend on the success of efforts made to reduce rapid graft loss, and thus allow islet transplantation to become a more efficient therapy by the use of single donors.</p>
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Xenotransplantation 2007; 14: 288–297. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2007
-->
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<b>Abstract: </b>
Islets isolated from multiple pancreas donors are often necessary to achieve euglycemia in type 1 diabetic patients treated by islet allotransplantation. This increases the burden on the limited pool of donor organs. After infusion into the portal vein, a substantial percentage of islets are lost in the immediate post‐transplant period through an inflammatory response termed the instant blood‐mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR). IBMIR is equally, if not more of a problem after islet xenotransplantation, e.g., using pig islets in non‐human primates. Coagulation, platelet aggregation, complement activation, and neutrophil and monocyte infiltration play roles in this reaction. IBMIR is potentially triggered by islet surface molecules, such as tissue factor and collagen residues that are normally not in direct contact with the blood. Also, stress during the islet isolation process results in the expression and production of several inflammatory mediators by the islets themselves. The potential mechanisms involved in this rapid graft loss and treatment options to reduce this loss are reviewed. Preventive strategies for IBMIR can include systemic treatment of the recipient, pre‐conditioning of the isolated islets, or, in the case of xenotransplantation, genetic modification of the organ‐source pig. Pre‐conditioning of islets in culture by exposure to anti‐inflammatory agents or by genetic modification harbors fewer risks of systemic complications in the recipient. The future of clinical islet transplantation will, at least in part, depend on the success of efforts made to reduce rapid graft loss, and thus allow islet transplantation to become a more efficient therapy by the use of single donors.</p>
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