Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation
Identifieur interne : 000194 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000193; suivant : 000195Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation
Auteurs : Vladimir Lamm ; Hidetaka Hara ; Alex Mammen ; Deepinder Dhaliwal ; David K. C. CooperSource :
- Xenotransplantation [ 0908-665X ] ; 2014-03.
Abstract
Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (PK), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with Fuchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the USA and keratoconus in Australia. With the exception of the USA, where EK will soon overtake PK as the most common surgical procedure, PK is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as Nepal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. With the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs, pig corneas may alleviate the global shortage of corneas in the near future.
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DOI: 10.1111/xen.12082
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ISTEX:08C224AE9F9955BE52FC9F9D1EC7CE851088119ALe document en format XML
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Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: cooperdk@upmc.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Xenotransplantation</title><title level="j" type="alt">XENOTRANSPLANTATION</title><idno type="ISSN">0908-665X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1399-3089</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="99">99</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="114">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">16</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-03">2014-03</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0908-665X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0908-665X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (PK), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with Fuchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the USA and keratoconus in Australia. With the exception of the USA, where EK will soon overtake PK as the most common surgical procedure, PK is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as Nepal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. With the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs, pig corneas may alleviate the global shortage of corneas in the near future.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Vladimir Lamm</name><affiliations><json:string>Thomas E. 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Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</json:string><json:string>E-mail: cooperdk@upmc.edu</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>corneal transplantation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>corneas</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>developing world</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>donor shortage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>keratoplasty</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pig</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>xenotransplantation</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>XEN12082</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-CJ9D1G3W-4</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>reviewArticle</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (PK), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with Fuchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the USA and keratoconus in Australia. With the exception of the USA, where EK will soon overtake PK as the most common surgical procedure, PK is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as Nepal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. 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Starzl Transplantation Institute</orgName><orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region>PA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Hidetaka</forename><surname>Hara</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute</orgName><orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region>PA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Alex</forename><surname>Mammen</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Eye and Ear Institute</orgName><orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region>PA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Deepinder</forename><surname>Dhaliwal</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Eye and Ear Institute</orgName><orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region>PA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">David K. C.</forename><surname>Cooper</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute</orgName><orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName><address><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement><region>PA</region><country key="US">USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Address reprint requests to David K. C. Cooper, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Starzl Biomedical Sciences Tower, Room W1543, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (E‐mail: cooperdk@upmc.edu)</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">08C224AE9F9955BE52FC9F9D1EC7CE851088119A</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-CJ9D1G3W-4</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/xen.12082</idno><idno type="unit">XEN12082</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:XEN.XEN12082.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Xenotransplantation</title><title level="j" type="alt">XENOTRANSPLANTATION</title><idno type="pISSN">0908-665X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1399-3089</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1399-3089</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1111/xen.2014.21.issue-2</idno><idno type="product">XEN</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">21</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="99">99</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="114">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">16</biblScope><date type="published" when="2014-03"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract style="main" xml:id="xen12082-abs-0001"><head>Abstract</head><p>Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (<hi rend="fc">PK</hi>), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (<hi rend="fc">EK</hi>). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with <hi rend="fc">F</hi>uchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the <hi rend="fc">USA</hi> and keratoconus in <hi rend="fc">A</hi>ustralia. With the exception of the <hi rend="fc">USA</hi>, where <hi rend="fc">EK</hi> will soon overtake <hi rend="fc">PK</hi> as the most common surgical procedure, <hi rend="fc">PK</hi> is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as <hi rend="fc">N</hi>epal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. With the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs, pig corneas may alleviate the global shortage of corneas in the near future.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0001">corneal transplantation</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0002">corneas</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0003">developing world</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0004">donor shortage</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0005">keratoplasty</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0006">pig</term><term xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0007">xenotransplantation</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Review Article</term></keywords><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>REVIEW ARTICLE</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="xen12082" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1399-3089</doi><issn type="print">0908-665X</issn><issn type="electronic">1399-3089</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="XEN"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="XENOTRANSPLANTATION" type="main">Xenotransplantation</title><title type="short">Xenotransplantation</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="20"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/xen.2014.21.issue-2</doi><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="21">21</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2014-03">March/April 2014</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="30" status="forIssue" type="reviewArticle"><doi>10.1111/xen.12082</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="XEN12082"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="16" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Review Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">REVIEW ARTICLE</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S</copyright><eventGroup><event date="2013-08-09" type="manuscriptReceived"></event><event date="2013-12-07" type="manuscriptAccepted"></event><event agent="SPS" date="2013-12-18" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2014-02-21"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2014-02-21"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2014-04-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-07"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">99</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">114</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Address reprint requests to David K. C. Cooper, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Starzl Biomedical Sciences Tower, Room W1543, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA (E‐mail: <email>cooperdk@upmc.edu</email>)</correspondenceTo><selfCitationGroup><citation type="self" xml:id="xen12082-cit-1001"><author><familyName>Lamm</familyName> <givenNames>V</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Hara</familyName> <givenNames>H</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Mammen</familyName> <givenNames>A</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Dhaliwal</familyName> <givenNames>D</givenNames></author>, <author><familyName>Cooper</familyName> <givenNames>DKC</givenNames></author>. <articleTitle>Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation</articleTitle>. <journalTitle>Xenotransplantation</journalTitle> <pubYear year="2014">2014</pubYear>: <vol>21</vol>: <pageFirst>99</pageFirst>–<pageLast>114</pageLast>. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:XEN.XEN12082.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation</title><title type="shortAuthors">Lamm et al.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#xen12082-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="xen12082-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Vladimir</givenNames> <familyName>Lamm</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#xen12082-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="xen12082-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Hidetaka</givenNames> <familyName>Hara</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#xen12082-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="xen12082-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Alex</givenNames> <familyName>Mammen</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#xen12082-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="xen12082-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Deepinder</givenNames> <familyName>Dhaliwal</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#xen12082-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="xen12082-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>David K. C.</givenNames> <familyName>Cooper</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="xen12082-aff-0001"><orgName>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute</orgName> <orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName> <address><city>Pittsburgh</city> <countryPart>PA</countryPart> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="xen12082-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Eye and Ear Institute</orgDiv> <orgName>University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</orgName> <address><city>Pittsburgh</city> <countryPart>PA</countryPart> <country>USA</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0001">corneal transplantation</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0002">corneas</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0003">developing world</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0004">donor shortage</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0005">keratoplasty</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0006">pig</keyword><keyword xml:id="xen12082-kwd-0007">xenotransplantation</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>NIH</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>1RO3A1096296‐01</fundingNumber><fundingNumber>IU19A1090959‐01</fundingNumber><fundingNumber>U01A1066331</fundingNumber><fundingNumber>5P01 HL107152‐02</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>University of Pittsburgh</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Revivicor Inc., Blacksburg, VA</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:id="xen12082-abs-0001"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="xen12082-sec-0001"><p>Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (<fc>PK</fc>), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (<fc>EK</fc>). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with <fc>F</fc>uchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the <fc>USA</fc> and keratoconus in <fc>A</fc>ustralia. With the exception of the <fc>USA</fc>, where <fc>EK</fc> will soon overtake <fc>PK</fc> as the most common surgical procedure, <fc>PK</fc> is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as <fc>N</fc>epal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. With the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs, pig corneas may alleviate the global shortage of corneas in the near future.</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vladimir</namePart><namePart type="family">Lamm</namePart><affiliation>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hidetaka</namePart><namePart type="family">Hara</namePart><affiliation>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex</namePart><namePart type="family">Mammen</namePart><affiliation>Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Deepinder</namePart><namePart type="family">Dhaliwal</namePart><affiliation>Eye and Ear Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David K. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cooper</namePart><affiliation>Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA, Pittsburgh, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: cooperdk@upmc.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2014-03</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-12-18</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2013-08-09</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-12-07</dateValid><edition>Lamm V, Hara H, Mammen A, Dhaliwal D, Cooper DKC. Corneal blindness and xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2014: 21: 99–114. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2014</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><abstract>Approximately 39 million people are blind worldwide, with an estimated 285 million visually impaired. The developing world shoulders 90% of the world's blindness, with 80% of causative diseases being preventable or treatable. Blindness has a major detrimental impact on the patient, community, and healthcare spending. Corneal diseases are significant causes of blindness, affecting at least 4 million people worldwide. The prevalence of corneal disease varies between parts of the world. Trachoma, for instance, is the second leading cause of blindness in Africa, after cataracts, but is rarely found today in developed nations. When preventive strategies have failed, corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for advanced corneal disease. The major surgical techniques for corneal transplantation include penetrating keratoplasty (PK), anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Indications for corneal transplantation vary between countries, with Fuchs' dystrophy being the leading indication in the USA and keratoconus in Australia. With the exception of the USA, where EK will soon overtake PK as the most common surgical procedure, PK is the overwhelming procedure of choice. Success using corneal grafts in developing nations, such as Nepal, demonstrates the feasibility of corneal transplantation on a global scale. The number of suitable corneas from deceased human donors that becomes available will never be sufficient, and so research into various alternatives, for example stem cells, amniotic membrane transplantation, synthetic and biosynthetic corneas, and xenotransplantation, is progressing. While each of these has potential, we suggest that xenotransplantation holds the greatest potential for a corneal replacement. With the increasing availability of genetically engineered pigs, pig corneas may alleviate the global shortage of corneas in the near future.</abstract><note type="funding">NIH - No. 1RO3A1096296‐01; No. IU19A1090959‐01; No. U01A1066331; No. 5P01 HL107152‐02; </note><note type="funding">University of Pittsburgh</note><note type="funding">Revivicor Inc., Blacksburg, VA</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>corneal transplantation</topic><topic>corneas</topic><topic>developing world</topic><topic>donor shortage</topic><topic>keratoplasty</topic><topic>pig</topic><topic>xenotransplantation</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Xenotransplantation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Xenotransplantation</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Review Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0908-665X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1399-3089</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1399-3089</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">XEN</identifier><part><date>2014</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>99</start><end>114</end><total>16</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">08C224AE9F9955BE52FC9F9D1EC7CE851088119A</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-CJ9D1G3W-4</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/xen.12082</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">XEN12082</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S© 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/08C224AE9F9955BE52FC9F9D1EC7CE851088119A/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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