Reports
Identifieur interne : 001873 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001872; suivant : 001874Reports
Auteurs : Johan Lansen ; Valerie Mallon ; John Schlapobersky ; Marie Stride ; Gerry Mcneilly ; Mario Marrone ; Colin JamesSource :
- Group Analysis [ 0533-3164 ] ; 1980-04.
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DOI: 10.1177/053331648001300119
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CA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/053331648001300119</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1177_053331648001300119</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reports</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lansen</surname><given-names>Johan</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mallon</surname><given-names>Valerie</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schlapobersky</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stride</surname><given-names>Marie</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>McNeilly</surname><given-names>Gerry</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marrone</surname><given-names>Mario</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>James</surname><given-names>Colin</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>04</month><year>1980</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta xlink:type="simple"><meta-name>sagemeta-type</meta-name><meta-value>Journal Article</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta xlink:type="simple"><meta-name>search-text</meta-name><meta-value>57 Reports SAGE Publications, Inc.1980DOI: 10.1177/053331648001300119 Johan Lansen Valerie Mallon John Schlapobersky Marie Stride Gerry McNeilly Mario Marrone Colin James LONDON WORKSHOP 1980 Report on the 7th London Workshop in Group Analysis, London 1980 Theme: "Fantasy and Reality in Groups" Staff: Dr. Harold Behr (Convener), Dr. Murray Cox, Miss Adele Mittwoch Membership: Dr. Werner Beck, Dr. Lars Burgaard, Mrs. Anne Dreyer-Hansen, Mr. James Duffy, Mr. Ian Frank, Mrs. Irene Freud, Dr. Stanley Gold, Dr. Wendy Greengross, Mrs. Rywa Himmelfarb, Dr. Joakim Hoffmeyer, Mrs. Ulla Largerlof, Dr. Johannes Lansen, Mr. David McLaughlin, Miss Valerie Mallon, Mrs. Rosemarie Muntan, Mrs. Vibeke Nathan, Dr. Alan Prodgers, Mr. Arthur Ross, Dr. Ronald Sandison, Mr. John Schlapobersky, Mrs. Marie Stride, Dr. Ioannos Tsegos, Mr. Norman von Buttlar, Mrs. Gerda Winther. *** From January 2nd - through 5th in London, the 7th Workshop in group analysis was held, at the Institute of Group Analysis, the training centre of the Group Analytic Society (Founding father: Foulkes). The set-up of the workshop was a mixture of: participation in a small, experiential group (6 sessions) participation in a large group experience, the large group being the sum of three small groups (3 sessions) lectures on the theme: "Fantasy and Reality in Groups", the topic of the workshop a session for supervision Those four elements were rather ingeniously put together, under the leadership of Drs. Harold Behr, Murray Cox and Adele Mittwoch. Thus far some bare facts. Now something from my own experiences as a participant, some feedback and some thoughts. The largest part of the benefit I owe to the small group experience. After a long time of therapeutic and other experience as a therapist it is rather a luxury to be able to take part in an experiential group, even of such a short duration. Being free again to ventilate something from your "child" position, or from the "archetypical"positions, and not so much from an adult position, gives you the feeling of a kind of check-up. At least, that does it to me. Another thing is watching the therapist at work in real life, not by any record, tape or video. My participation gave me still some room for observation in this respect (though it went lost quickly after a few sessions) and it was fascinating. The therapist had a particular style, giving more of his own fantasies and personal reactions than we, as therapists, usually do. It worked, and it gives me the feeling that I should try this more myself. This makes me ask: is it this particular therapist's style, or is this typical for the members of the Group Analytic Society? If the latter be the case, how come that it does not perspire so much in literature? This leaves me guessing. My fantasy is the following: during the last ten years there has been almost no contact between the British Society and the Dutch Association for Group Psychotherapy. We had some negative experiences during the sixties with people from England (Tavistock-model), in a 6158 way that we did not feel.so much stimulated to go on in those rather rigid lines. In "forgetting" this contact we lost our vision on the Foulkes-model. This fantasy is not very nice, maybe, but it gives at least some explanation, why we had more contact with the U.S.A. than with England. I did not like the large group experience. I see the value of large group meetings like PSMs in therapeutic communities, under certain restrictions (although, in our own therapeutic community, the patients' council takes over a lot of work; we don't have a PSM in such a large format). In a large, unstructured group however, I do see many possibilities of personal experiences through dynamics like Bion's basic assumptions, constellations, etc., but I do not see many ways of handling it, not even when a small group session comes right behind it. But my judgement may be quite mistaken. I could not escape the impression that there was a hidden agenda, and it could not surface. My fantasy is that a lot of tension of some professional sort (rivalry? theoretical issues?) was hanging in the meeting. This I thought afterwards, going over the puzzling things again that were going on in those meetings. I hope I am not too suspicious. Lectures were good, almost needless to say. It is well-known in Holland that British colleagues know their ways of stating things precisely and nicely. Murray Cox spoke about "the Precision of Fantasy", Harold Behr about "Myth and Fantasy"; a very worthwhile experience, didactically bringing us most of anything close to the theme of the workshop. This theme, by the way, was kind of a point of reference throughout the workshop; this proved to be a useful way of pointing out topics relevant to the theme in the different parts of the workshop. Here a word of critique. Although I like this kind of lecture I do not consider them adequate for this kind of workshop. My point is this: In proving the value of a group format in a workshop like this one, one should be able to show how valuable the group format is for many types of work. So I should rather prefer to have a kind of task-group where the lecturer just gives a very brief stimulus about the theme, and let the members of the group react upon it more, making it much more of a group-experience; the audience was now kept too passive, which, again, I do consider to run contrary to the general purpose of the workshop. My critique includes the set-up of the supervision session, although from a different point of view. If there should be sessions on supervision, why not give this topic more room? Could it be made more clear whether the topic would specially concern a therapist's need, or a supervisor's need (bringing in his problems in his work as a supervisor). Or should we leave it out completely, and devote a separate workshop to it? In general I do consider this type of workshop very good. It seems to me that there is an additional benefit which maybe is not included in the set up, but which could be of great, although unintended, value. If I am right, the value might be greater still, if attention should be paid to it. I mean that for young therapists it is of special importance to have opportunity to learn by identification. All training (personal therapy, theory, supervision) is very important but it leaves us many times with therapists who still do have to acquire a kind of identity. They are lucky when they come to work in a team where such an identity can grow through an intensive exchange of experience with older therapists. Now every opportunity should be grasped to stimulate this process. One such an opportunity could be a conference or workshop, where trainees do have the opportunity of watching older therapists at work in different situations, and thereby gaining information about appropriate role-behaviour in different situations. Now this is what I saw happen in a workshop like this (again, maybe unintentionally). The same therapist in his role in a small group was having a different 6259 role in a large group and again as a lecturer; you also saw him at informal meetings as a more spontaneous person, etc. I think, from the point of view I mentioned, that this is rather important. Some additional remarks. Apart from the expected number of English people from the field of psychiatry, psychology and social work there were quite a few people from Scandinavian countries (especially Denmark and Sweden) and Germany. There were a few European countries which had one or two participants - I was the only one from Holland. During informal gatherings a lot was to be learned about the situation of group psychotherapy in different countries. It is a pity that it was not very well known that group psychotherapy in Holland is a rather well-established form of psychotherapy. I am under the impression that group psychotherapy in Holland may, qualitatively seen, be a little backward compared to England (as regards practice). Our training does not differ so much in quality, I think, and the huge number of practitioners did amaze my interlocutors (a membership of some 300 regular practitioners, 50 supervisors, some 1400 additional members in some type of training, 5000 - 10000 patients throughout the country in some form of ambulant group therapy). A concluding remark. We have learned a lot from England some 25 years ago, concerning group psychotherapy and therapeutic communities. We have copied a lot, we established a reasonably good group psychotherapy association and a chain of good therapeutic communities, some of them of high standing quality. Still I think we could go on to profit from England by renewing contacts again. I wish many Dutch therapists would follow the English development; an excellent means could be a participation in a workshop like this one, and readership of GROUP ANALYSIS. Individuals and small groups of people tumbled from planes, trains and hotels to converge on this secret place off Baker Street on a breathlessly cold London morning in the quiet space of the New Year. It was amazing to hear from one Member at lunch that she had left a warmer home in the South of France in the early hours of the morning to hurry to the Workshop, which put my own journey from the Midlands into a different perspective. This led to thoughts and speculation about the stories behind "journeying to the Workshop" - why people came, how they came and with what hopes? The first session was an engaging presentation by Murray Cox around the difficult theme of "The Precision of Fantasy", in which he shared personal thoughts and experiences on safety and danger, which included a walk up a mountain in bad weather and a helicopter on a rescue mission. One worry at this time was the concern to understand precisely and to be understood, when all we knew of each other was the fact that we came from Denmark, Switzerland, France, Germany, Sweden, Holland, Iceland, Greece and other places. There was the fantasy and the reality of communication to consider, and Murray's ideas of literary quotations as a point of reference was appreciated. Later, Harold Behr had us struggling with a grim kind of game, Myth and Fantasy - like chess on a chessboard with circles rather than squares. The game came to life from the blackboard (or was it Looking Glass) in an alarming way with the strong and the weak, the good and the bad engaged in combat, and some became concerned with the reality that it was external or at least a theoretical and controlled exercise - a very adult game which completely filled the space in which 6360 Liesel Hearst (who was unable to attend) was to have talked about "Thoughts on Play". Liesel 's place was taken by Adele Mittwoch at very short notice. Adele gave me some clues which led to personal discoveries of significance, not least about omnipotence, which I am still pondering. The plenary session felt important and was skillfully chaired by Harold, seeking reality in planning for next year's Workshop. One theme was to do with shopping externally (for books) as well as internally. Although I have mentioned the three main Organisers, it seemed to me that no one person was more important to the Workshop internal experience than any other, which indicates a certain precision in the arrangements, although, of course, Members of one's small group became familiar and special, which helped me to relate to the whole. It was a stretching, exhausting and enjoyable experience, and particularly exciting to be with people from other countri es . ' The interactional experiences are almost too "out of time" to share successfully as a reality, especially in print. I can share a fantasy of afterwards, which is about a sort of "Old Curiosity Shop" which may or may not exist (off Baker Street or Brompton Road), but even if the building is to be found, the Workshop is no more. The reality is that it was good in its time. *** 5.00 p.m. Tuesday, lst January. I arrive at 1 Bickenhall Mansions. There is something symbolic about going down into No. 1 - like going into a cavern. The door is welcoming - it says "Please enter". There is a feeling of being expected. The staff are already there. I have feelings about sherry parties, it seems a very middle class way of starting a workshop. Perhaps group analysis is the middle class way of being in a group - all those encounter groups, growth groups, psychosynthesis, bioenergetics - all those are for other people. We are each handed a plastic folder containing papers and a name label to pin on one;s lapel. Why? Much more fun to ask people who they are and also embarrassing to peer at people's chests to read their names. But some foreign names are difficult, so perhaps it is a good idea. Plastic folder is a nuisance, when you have a glass of sherry and cocktail biscuits to manage as well. Anyway, I mislay my name tag after first evening and lose papers on second day, so my unconscious successfully deals with both those problems. The room seems full of people. It's difficult to think of talking to any of them - even more difficult to realise I will be on various terms of intimacy with some or most of them by the end of the week. I speak to a few people. It's all fairly superficial. I talk to an old colleague from Southampton days which is easy and reassuring. Murray Cox's son comes and talks to me about Shetland - he seems very interested and asks a lot of intelligent questions. That makes twenty minutes pass easily and he seems pleased with what I give him. I reflect that I came here to get something for myself - I start off by giving something to someone else - seems like the story of my life. I learn that Liesel Hearst is not able to come - her father has just died. Adele Mittwoch is taking her place. I am in her small group. There always seems to be a lot of death around this place. The last Workshop I did here was not long after Foulkes died. Wednesday morning, 9.30 - a warming kind of welcome from Harold Behr, followed by a talk from Murray Cox on "The Precision of Fantasy". So here we have the introduction, the powerful and important input which must both stimulate and direct the progress of this workshop. He drew on current experience and his own fantasies for much of his material. He did this with a concern for boundaries and a display of literary knowledge which excited my admiration and some envy. He illustrated what he was saying by examples from his own work. I got a glimpse of 6461 both the agony and the rewards of his work amongst "lifers", imprisoned for murder. Having taken us to the peak of Hellvellin, whence he walked with his family at Christmas, he spoke about the fantasy of danger on the steep rocky face of the mountain, compared with the relative safety of their own path. He spoke of the small but real dangers they faced and of the precautions they took. He spoke also of the real and much greater dangers of the rocky face where someone had been lost the day before. He spoke of how precisely their fantasy of what had happened there was activated when a helicopter passed low over them on its way over the summit of the mountain. He talked about "the sti ng" and that took us back to his work where, in our own imagination, we clustered round him in the corridor leading to one of his wards, looking out of the window at a great black swarm of bees. There was danger again, this time for the man who plunges his arm into the swarm and removes the Queen to another place. He reminded us that all his patients had "stung", i.e. had killed. He said he had discussed the swarm with his group and one man had said, "It's easy to manage bees when you understand them". "Perhaps it's the same with people", was Murray's reply. So he passed on to talk about the gradually increasing Precision with which the fantasy of killing develops in the killer's kind until he converts this into a real act. He discussed the question of therapy. Could the fantasy be redeemed, destroyed or modified, so that the person would not kill again? We passed on to Banquo's ghost. How should he be portrayed on the stage? Should he be there, for all to see, whereas only Macbeth can see him, or should the chair be empty? This was a theme to which we repeatedly returned in the large group. Finally, he spoke about the precision of love, that supreme emotion and act in which fantasy and reality are again both in opposition and harmony. Throughout the lecture, quotations flowed from some of the masters of fantasy, Shakespeare, Yeats, Dostoevsky, to mention a few. I ask myself why I have given so much space to this lecture. It is because of its importance, both in its own right and to the Workshop as a whole. It would be easy to follow it with an equally subjective and detailed account of the six small groups, the three large groups, Harold Behr's lecture, the supervision sessions and the final plenary, not to speak of the coffee breaks and the dinner party, which were also full of lively transactions. However, there is really no other way of reporting a small group experience except to do so from one's own subjective standpoint, so here are a few of the things which came out of the group I was in. I like the precision and the crisp boundaries of the group analytic model. I found this very helpful after coming from a working environment where the boundaries are often both hard to define and hard to draw. The very exact time boundaries reminded me that precision in this dimension can be very therapeutic. There was a strong emphasis on the need to express feelings, to be responsible for one's own contributions and a recognition of the importance of individual myths and fantasies as materials for the group to work on. The frequent reminders that the group is all-important, and that an individual feeling becomes a group feeling, an individual dream or fantasy is also a group fantasy, were also reminders that the work of Foulkes lives on. The small group experience also suggested that group analysis is evolving, absorbing new ideas and acknowledging other styles of group interaction, whilst keeping to its central orthodoxy. It was a group which started quite unselfconsciously with the description of the birth of a child, and ended with thoughts about death and dying. We realised that although the group must die, the individuals do not and it seemed that most if not all of us had recognised some hidden or neglected potential which might lead to some creative change in our own work. There was i ndeed, much said about creativity, and Harold 3ehrls talk on "Myth ~nd 6562 Fantasy in Small Groups" gave the workshop an opportunity to explore this. He asked us to consider one mythologem, that of the Hero. He described the Hero as being "Good" and "Strong" and "Intelligent". From this we built up in fantasy, a group of eight and tried to identify the roles they might play. The most awkward to identify was the one who was Bad, Weak and Ignorant - perhaps the scapegoat of the group. He then asked us to look at the ways in which a small group might solve the conflicts between God and Bad, Intelligent and Ignorant, Strong and Weak, suggesting that one way was to extrude badness, weakness and ignorance. The response of the workshop to this model was to suggest that alternative solutions lay in the integration of badness with goodness, an acceptance or raising into consciousness of the inferior elements, and a creative use of weakness. Harold himself had frequently used the word "archetype" when referring to the characteristics of his mythical group members. Some members of the workshop also offered inputs derived from the ideas of Jung. This reminded me that just as papers written by Jungians are currently manifesting references to Freudian themes so may it be possible similarly to enrich group analysis from the standpoint of a broader appreciation of mythology and perhaps even redeem the old Freud-Jung split. The Large Group was a much more confident event than I recall from three years ago, when we had started off in some doubt as to whether we were a large group or a plenary session. This time there was no uncertainty, and we were able to give free play to our fantasies. We had religious themes, fantasies about the empty chairs (Banquo's ghost again), visions of people swimming, of sharks, of teeth ... Individual feelings were exposed, angry or collusive pairings were worked on, and the three conductors also allowed themselves to express their own feelings, not only towards participants but also towards each other, which seemed healthy enough. Indeed, for me, I welcomed the ability of each of the staff to become group members at times thus giving the large group some responsibility for keeping its own boundaries. All of this seemed to reflect the confidence of the Society and of the Staff in the large group dynamics. There were, of course, comments that, with 28 or 29 members we were a small large group, and things may be different in a larger large group. I, myself, liked this particular size. There was a clearly defined and different dynamic between the small and the large group. At the same time, for a short workshop, the smaller size allowed most people to contribute something and a few people to express a good deal. For me it also raised questions about whether all large groups should also work as small groups, although this was not actually discussed. The large group experience also gave a further opportunity to work on Murray Cox's material which he had presented at the beginning of the workshop. There was a lot of feeling around about those who did not speak clearly and thus could not be understood, contrasting with those who spoke stinging and angry words. The sting, appearing once more, was contrasted with the work of the bee in pollinating the flower which some members saw as symbolic of the centre of the group. Here again we were reminded of how precisely these fantasies enabled us to experience the whole group feeling. Caught up by this it seems that it is necessary to get the fantasy itself precisely right, so as to avoid misunderstanding. "No, the bee is not engaged in pollination, he is getting nectar to make honey", said one member. Honey - yes, there was good honey to be had from the large group, but there was also incongruous honey (Murray's "Lily Honey"), and perhaps for some the honey was hard to find. One or two people inevitably found the large group difficult, and we should perhaps remi,nd ourselves that the widespread appreciation of group methods today does not necessarily make personal experience any easier. On Friday, the last night of the workshop, there was a social gathering and buffet supper at Bickenhall Mansions. It was a pleasant occasion, particularly as so many members of the Group Analytic Society came also. This made the occasion seem like a family one, a feeling which was enhanced by noticing that members of families came in each day to assist at coffee breaks. It was, I believe, the way 6663 in which people valued this event which led members to suggest at the final plenary session that future workshops might be residential. On the first full day, following the first small group, there was a.session called supervision, at which we were asked to bring problems in supervision to the group. We worked in our small groups but the leaders changed round. It was good to experience another member of the staff in our small group, and the supervision s.ession was helpful. I believe, however, that its real contribution was that it gave the group another dynamic input, , it was another dimension to work on. It also reminded us that if a Workshop in Group Analysis is to have meaning it must have precise relevance to our own professional work. The Plenary session right at the end of the Workshop, was intended to be a discussion about the structure of the Workshop, with a view to helping the staff to plan future events. I found it difficult to get into my head again after the moving events of the two previous experiential groups. Yet here it was, this sudden clash with reality, and Harold Behr asking questions like, "Was the Workshop long enough?" How long was it? From the standpoint of the ending of one's small group, Tuesday, lst January 1980 seemed an age ago. Had it been only four days ago that we had referred to Janus, the god who looked both ways? Now we did the same, reflecting over the experience and trying to think how we would like another, future, workshop to be. From the place where we were at, it looked as if it would be a good idea, in future, to have a full five day workshop, for there not to be a "free" afternoon, for there to be more than one supervision session, and for the course to be residential. Whether these ideas, tempered as they will be by the passing of time and the evolution of ideas by the Society, will stand or fall remains to be seen. Thus it was that 29 people, 26 participants and three staff, worked together this year, the seventh in the series, the first of the new decade. It was good that almost two thirds of the members came from European countries. Some of these were relatively inexperienced in group analysis. They brought stories of difficulties, problems of working in an honest way in professional environments sometimes hostile to dynamic ideas. It was encouraging to see such a broad geographical territory covered by the membership, from the Mediterranean to Lapland. It was good to hear how group analysis is developing and spreading in countries like Germany, Denmark and Sweden. My reflection, on leaving, was to add another quotation to the many we had had during the week. It is the words of Galapas in the 5th century to the young Merlin, "The gods only go with you if you put yourself in their path". Our fantasies, and our gods, had been different for each of us, and yet common to the whole group. Whatever they were, it felt as if we had all put ourselves in their path. Ronald Sandison *** Fantasy in groups and the group in fantasy: reflections on the Winter Workshop We met on the first working day of a new decade, still free from the demands of our working worlds and barely away from our separate pools of life with families over Christmas, as Murray made us aware. He described, in his opening presentation, a field of prepared echoes which might sound back for each of us, rich in metaphor and imagery that prefigured the journey ending four days later in our concluding large group. As we considered the islands of our separate lives which we would, each of us, depart for, Ronald from the Shetlands talked of his island not as remote and across a sea of separateness, but familiar, secure, there to go home to. The workshop was concerned with fantasy in groups. The elusive quality of what it was we found together and took back then to the separate places of our different lives, we can poo i again reflecting now on thaz group in fantasy. 7he Interplay 6764 between fantasy in groups and the group in fantasy, between the metaphors with which we illuminate transactions, and the transactions in groups that become metaphors, standing for and representing what we find there, between what is "out there" and "in here", is the process we came to understand. We began, sharing - in some cases little more than this at the outset - the common conviction that the long journey towards intimacy in groups creates a fellowship that makes what we return to in ourselves more familiar and secure for having ventured outside and beyond it. It was no less a journey for its compression to four days here, and the intriguing quality in the richness of that experience contains the fertile elements of the group analytic process, a "task" group, but in its task applied to the process of its own development; development in, by and of the group. As a newcomer to the professional milieu of the therapeutic world, I found the composition of the workshop of considerable interest, in terms of both nationalities and professions. In small and large groups, the immediacy and clarity of communication, the accuracy of understanding, the early emergence of shared meanings and common patterns in the description and interpretation of group process, was sometimes startling. The coherence of the experience and the possibilities thus afforded for very personal, sometimes moving resolutions, sometimes difficult exchanges, made me very aware of how the group analytic approach has developed into a truly international language across a wide range of professional activities. The variety of disparate interests, preoccupations and motives that brought its participants to the workshop, made for rather than threatened its value. Contact with colleagues from abroad was particularly invigorating and the large contingents from Scandinavia and Germany brought the vitality of their own ongoing workshops which, during the informal exchanges and get-togethers between and outside the sessions, provided a core through which other friendships were soon integrated. For a London workshop the number of local participants seemed regrettably small and I found myself thinking frequently of how colleagues on the Qualifying Course might, as a group, find the experience similarly valuable and be in a position, similarly, to integrate and carry the "culture" of the workshop. Future plans might, perhaps, consider the routine provision for Qualifying Course students' participation as a normal part of their training. The presentations were very stimulating of thought, ideas and interactions. Liesel's absence was a disappointment and when Adele announced that she would not be making a presentation on Liesel's behalf, that though she was standing in for her she could not replace her, we were aware - as by the empty chair - of what was irreplaceable for Liesel in her own loss. The rich field of imagery and allusion Murray laid before us at the outset was amplified, developed and re-explored at different levels throughout the workshop. Harold's presentation brought to the surface, in a very creative way, the common preoccupation, inherent in the nature of our gathering, about the relationship between group defences and political and ethnic boundaries. This seems a central issue for an international workshop, and a workshop like this an ideal forum in which some of its implications might usefully and safely be explored. Some of them were - for example the interesting contrast between the suggested "culture bound" status of our theories, and the universality of our mythologies. The discovery that the assumed polarity between German and Jew became something very different when resolved into the personal meanings we required of one another, was important. But there are others, perhaps, which future workshops might focus on, like the nuances of the cultural matrix within which normality and pathology are defined; and the social field of reference - the question of its particularity or generality across societies - which stands beyond and informs the reciprocities between patient and therapist and which determines their identities and the definitions they use, to judge disorder and distress, renewal and recovery. Comparison of Alpine and Manchunian depressions would be less to the point than comparisons between different professional paths towards therapeutic work, group therapy in health service and private practice, common themes and different 6865 difficulties, and differences between patterns of interdisciplinary or inter- professional collaboration, all of which might shed useful light on one another when examined in group analytic terms with a range of nationalities involved. This issue points to what seemed to me to have been a difficulty about the bridge between the theoretical material and application on the one hand, dealt with in the presentations and the one forum for clinical material, and on the other the experiential large and small groups. In other training situations, the experience -is animated by a creative tension between personal therapy and professional development. It was refreshing to discover how free this workshop was, from the tendency encountered elsewhere, to use the question of professional development as a defence against therapeutic change of a more personal kind. None of the participants seemed to need the excuse of dealing with others, to look at themselves. But a forum for more concentrated attention to skills and problems in practice could have linked theory with experiential issues more directly and might also, by heightening the creative tension between personal and professional aspects, have generated further scope for reflection and exchange with reference to comparative issues suggested above, and with reference to more direct clinical issues such as countertransference. There is something slightly austere about the absence of an opportunity for social exchanges, over coffee perhaps, before or after the monthly scientific meetings. The Friday night party in the middle of the workshop, joined by members of the Institute and the Society who were not participating otherwise, the informality and availability of people in relation to one another and the renewal of longstanding friendships and associations, did an enormous amount for the whole experience. Its significance, frequently referred to during our concluding meeting, provided some with the basis for suggesting future workshops on a residential basis. Looking through back numbers of GROUP ANALYSIS I find that in its inception arrangements for the workshop were facilitated by minimising the administrative requirements placed upon the Institute. Even if this is still the case, there might be some revised arrangement by which the invaluable social exchanges and informal group developments could be made a more integral part of the workshop. Other issues discussed in conclusion were the hope that future workshops might be slightly longer with various timetable revisions to the present one, and a more extended discussion about whether workshops required an annual theme. The consensus arrived at confirmed the value of a theme, primarily in offering some tangible basis for our gathering to those from whom we sought leave of absence at work or grants to cover travelling and fees. I suspect that the maintenance of some structure through at least some theme centred work focuses the experience in a valuable way. Thank you to the Society, the three conductors and the other ten people in the small group who produced and harvested an egg. *** Pat de Mar6 has described the large group as an exercise in using mind. Psychoanalysis regards mind as a process and not as a thing. After the workshop I question whether mind functions separately from the entity comprising self. An unexplored myth was that English was the language of communication, leaving a contingent of overseas members, deprived to some degree, by attempting to communicate in a foreign language. The reality is, that common language does not denote common culture. Nor does the use of any language indicate it is either the first, a fluent, a comfortable or a useful one for the individual using it. In many languages, meanings are conveyed by sentence structures, and rhythms timed by syllables. The most significant feature of English is stress, which requires as much attention as the words. 6966 The natural product of slowing English down is to produce unstressed sounds and a change in rhythms. In 1975 on my way to an 8.00 a.m. group, I noted a quotation outside a Quaker meeting house. "I pin my hopes to quiet processes and small circles in which vital and transforming events take place." Rufus Jones. After returning to London for five years, I suddenly perceived in January, that although therapists, group leaders and members may change, Group Analytic Society culture remains constant. 7067 LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE.IN THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY LIVING "A report from the Art Therapy point of view of a Training Weekend in March 1979" The venue was a farm in Swindon and was organised in conjunction with the Association of Therapeutic Communities. COURSE LEADERS: Anthea Kellar - Senior Psychologist at the Ingrebourne Centre, Hornchurch, Essex David Kennard - Senior Psychologist/Group Analyst at Littlemore Hospital, Oxford Gerry McNeilly - Art Therapist at the Ingrebourne Centre, Hornchurch, Essex Jeff Roberts - Consultant Psychotherapist/Group Analyst at the Ingrebourne Centre. There were 26 participants, all of whom were professionally involved in various Therapeutic Communities throughout the country. This ranged from Occupational Therapists to Consultants. The female/male ratio was two to one. The course was divided into three small groups and functioned on a large Community Group basis. David, Jeff and Anthea were the small group leaders, and I was responsible for conducting the Art Therapy groups. During the weekend each small group met four times and one session was an Art Therapy Group. Each of the leaders came with their group. The whole community met on the Saturday evening for a large group painting, which was for two hours. Ideology: In planning such a weekend it is rather a difficult process both in choosing participants and also for the staff to understand why they are setting out on such a venture. The main staff feeling was that people working in therapeutic communities should experience what it is like on the other side of the fence - the patient's side. We wanted to look at specific structures within the therapeutic community, the enforcement of boundaries, and the understanding of group dynamics from the patient's side. We wanted staff to have the experience of close personal contact and be open to the frustrations in considering others who may be out to get what they individually want from the group process. With all this in mind we hoped that the outcome would equip the individual to reverse the living and learning experience to the various job situations. On my part I wanted to widen my personal techniques in applying group analytic methods to art therapy. I was quite frightened at the prospect of using art therapy with staff members whom I did not know. The prospect was exciting to say the least. My main aim was to minimise the split between the strictly verbal and the non-verbal psychotherapies. In planning and running the weekend we were constantly aware of these possible splits and openly acknowledged them. The following eight examples illustrate this process: 1. Each small group leader painted in the art session which minimised the possible split between the verbal and non-verbal dynamics within the group 2. Time boundaries were strictly adhered to and the art groups stayed within this. 3. In planning, all four leaders were equally involved and I did the initial grouping. 4. The academic and activity processes in both psychotherapies were constantly sown together. Words were found in the meaning of the art work and unconscious symbolism that found difficulty in existing in the strictly verbal setting was dealt with. 5. I joined Jeff in running his seminar. He took the stance of structure through the use of language in the title of "What is Therapeutic about Communities?" I geared my part of the seminar upon "Conscious versus Unconscious Processes of the Individual within the Therapeutic Community." 6. Anthea was the only woman staff member. We looked at this openly in staff groups and this minimised adverse effects which may otherwise produce splitting. 7. Each group at one time over the weekend cooked a meal. I was not aligned to a small group but helped with one group. This minimised another split in staff/ 7168 patient interaction in therapeutic community living. 8. David was the outsider in the staff body as he was from Oxford and the rest of the staff from the Ingrebourne Centre. We all shared our ideas and this reduced unconscious acting-out against how each other worked. David at the beginning was searching for structure while we three were more laid back and knew how each other worked fairly well. My technique was a mystery for David to begin with, but with his small art session he became more prone to my minimal directiveness. My Technique in the Art Groups: My approach during the weekend was similar to how I would normally conduct art groups at the Ingrebourne but with a .little more direction and a certain control of the individual and group pathology, which emerged in the created work. I provided the materials (2D material) and would ask people at the beginning of the group to do whatever they wished. Each group was a 11 hour period and I gave the direction of i hour to create and approximately i hour for discussion. My function in the verbal section of the group was to allow the group to control and find its own direction through the various interactions. In all three small groups there was the wish for me to be the Art Therapist. They expected me to guide, teach, analyse and take over what they had created. Even when the large art group painting was complete Jeff was. the first to say "Gerry - now you can analyse", in a joking manner. However as each group found its own feet I would look for the group dynamics as portrayed in various ways. These ranged from absorbing the individual material to the sheer physical geography of group members. The physical expressions, speaking while painting and drawing was in progress, each member's use of space and awareness of other members. Once I had seen what each person had produced then the search for words began. The group sat in a circle which enabled a clear view of each other's work. There was some initial discussion but this was of a fairly superficial nature. At this point my intervention was minimal and geared at a group interpretative level, for example in the second small art group I said "There's a lot of colour about and it all seems quite intense". I intervened early in this case mainly because the intensity of the group needed to be acknowledged so as to free the group to explore intense abstract feelings. From here it gave a chance for the group to go further into what they were doing and what they had created. My main task from this point was to guide the group with the material they had produced. I would take into account each person's work and how their individual feelings would relate to their group. I would note resistances, avoidance of the work and difficult feelings of relating to the work. I would like to finalise by giving a brief synopsis of the three art groups and the large art group. GROUP 1 - DAVID'_S (Friday evening): This group had become what was to be entitled the Nomad group. This emerged from the first community group which was attended by the staff who owned the farm. David's group was due to be held in the farmhouse and to cut the story short this plan was aborted at this meeting and the Nomads were born. This brought to life a great deal of useful material. The group eventually made a decision to remain the Nomad group and using the vacated premises of other small groups' rooms. I was stationed in one room. The material that this group produced was strongly variant but had common themes running throughout. These were basically paintings and drawings revolving around finding one's ground and the insecurity of being a nomad or a gipsy. There was a certain excitement at such a prospect and this was shown by their "No holds barred" attitude to starting and experimenting with the materials. Pictures such as were shown by one girl who painted four trees going from black, to blue, to green with red berries on it, to a yellow tree with flowers. Another was a painting portraying the plastic society versus the society in the farm. Another girl used direct hand painting and I felt this related to her finding her ground and making her mark. David painted two pictures directly related to the Nomad tneme. 7269 GROUP 2 - ANTHEA'S (Saturday afternoon): I have said a little about this group but what they were carrying was the community's wish to regress. All the work produced showed an abstract formation with strong unconscious elements. By this time the group was 20 hours old and forming a fairly strong cohesion. This in a way made it difficult to be accepted by them. One picture showed ten small diamond shapes - this is the number of the group inclusive of Anthea. Anthea painted in an abstract formation her view of the small group from the morning which again showed ten separate symbols. My main way of functioning in this group was to acknowledge these wishes and point them out to the group. This was a holding process which allowed the people to experience a freer approach to their work. One lady who had begun in a free flowing doodle developed it into a strong unconscious hand painting. While reflecting upon her work she began to cry stating that she was seeing things about herself she had not experienced before. LARGE GROUP PAINTING - 2 HOURS (Saturday evening): This was a very complicated group which involved everyone, 26 + 4 leaders. This was done on a large sheet of paper 50'x12' and placed on the floor. At the beginning of the session I said, "Possibly people had lots of feelings about the weekend and maybe they would like to express some of this, but on the whole they could do just what they wished." II There was the starting dynamics as with any group painting to be considered. These ranged from the sheer size of the paper, fear of the unexpected, the threat of being physically and mentally close, fear of being taken over or making a mark without it being changed. There was also the extravagant and the timid, the people who could not get near the paper and the people who refused point blank. There were the people who headed straight for the centre and the ones who remained at the borders. As the painting progressed, room was quickly running out and so I added more paper to the wall. This became the graffiti or the adolescent and delinquent area. The floor became the feelings, the pre-adolescent or child area. The painting process took about 30 minutes and the next 1i hours appeared to be the most crucial time for the weekend's development and very hard work for the leaders. The regressive dynamic was strong and the wish for it having been a good time was so strong that few tried to understand what had happened. Any staff interpretation was discarded as being derogatory. This battle proceeded for about an hour. I must state that there was a strong group dynamics in process but there was also a great deal of individual and dual associations. It was not until the last 15-20 minutes that the group did look a little more at what they had actually been doing and at their strong "patient" demands. This then brought about more group interactions and they spoke of it as having been a strong learning experience. GROUP 3 - JEFF'S (Sunday morning): This group showed a strong unconscious connecting line. Seven out of ten did landscapes. From this point the element of group harmony came into existence, but also each painting had its own quality. This brought further to life the battle between individual and group identities. There was also the knowledge of this group being final, so there was an analytic view that "death" was approaching and any deep involvement would have connotations of people being swamped. At one point I decided to make a deeper interpretation of a person's work. He had done a picture of two flying porpoises going through the air together, away from the dangerous rocks at the bottom of the picture. I had felt that throughout the weekend he was continually wanting to give up his professional authority and fly through the chaos of experience. His interchanges with other people were that he was continually looking for another person to assist him just as he struck up a conversation with me at the start of the group. I related this to him in the group and redirected him to looking at his painting a little more. If he was able to associate his way of functioning throughout the weekend with the flying porpoises then he may learn something. I did this for the purpose of establishing that individuals' creations were of importance to the integral part of the group dynamics. The group seemed to end on 7370 a quiet, reflective mood where it appeared that people were savouring a little more of their own quality through their work. CONCLUSION: This weekend was a valuable experience for the participants and the ea ers. I personally found it very beneficial in furthering my own techniques in group art psychotherapy. All the art groups in one way or another used their work to deal with and investigate interpersonal relationships both in a conscious and unconscious manner. The leaders' approach in dealing with splits bore a lot of fruit and I feel we made a big step in the right direction of establishing art therapy in this setting as a valuable psychotherapy, which has a powerful cathartic effect. In the end I became the Nomad. I was the one without a base or a home but I found a new mystical and magical quality with this experience. VIII LATIN-AMERICAN CONGRESS OF GROUP PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY The eigth Latin American Congress of Group Psychology and Psychotherapy was held in Buenos Aires between 12th and 15th September 1979, under the presidency of Dr. Guillermo Ferschtut. It was organised by the Argentinian Association of Group Psychology and Psychotherapy on behalf of the Latin American Federation of Analytic Group Psychotherapy and sponsored by the American Group Psychotherapy Association, Inc., the Association of Psychologists of Buenos Aires, the Association of Psychiatrists of BLenos Aires, the Argentinian Psychoanalytic Association, the Psychoanalytic Association of Buenos Aires, the International Association of Group Psychotherapy, the World Association for Social Psychiatry and other institutions. The Congress attracted one thousand participants from several countries and the official languages were Spanish and Portuguese. Participation was not restricted to trained group therapists and there were psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, anthropologists, sociologists, group analysts, psychoanalysts, psychodramatists, family therapists, etc. The opening ceremony was chaired by Dr. David Liberman, President of the Psychoanalytic Association of Buenos Aires and Vice-President of the International Psychoanalytic Association. The first plenary session consisted of three official presentations (Argentina, Brasil, and Mexico). First, A. Dellarossa, G. Ferschtut, J. Puget and R. Usandivaras (Argentina) presented a conjoint report on "Current Trends in Group Psychotherapy". They said that in the first International Congress of Group Psychotherapy (Toronto, 1954) there were two leaders, Slavson and Moreno. Incidentally, Argentina was already represented with a paper on analytic group therapy which could not be read. At that time, however, the Northfield Experiment had already taken place and Bion and Foulkes were working in England. Since then a large variety of approaches and methods have flourished. The "Argentinian School" developed under the influence of S. Freud, M. Klein, Bion, Ezriel and Foulkes. But in the mid 1960s, many new forms appeared in Argentina as well as in other countries, sensitivity training groups, Marathon groups, groups with LSD, etc. Simultaneously, social psychiatry began to thrive and group work began to be carried out in schools, factories, community associations, etc. The proliferation of techniques can be accounted for by the existence of different models and interpretations of mental health. Nevertheless, all those approaches have something in common: the "small group" becomes very important. Perhaps, the small group is an attempt to solve the conflict between "solitariness" and "being in the mass". It is a common clinical experience to receive patients who come to recover a sense of belongingness. But, "do we offer our groups as a modus vivendi and as a way of being introduced into an utopian "happy world", or else as a place where people can learn how to cope with the difficulties of the world in which 7471 they have to live?" In this context, the value system of each therapist has important implications. Issues related to the therapist's transparency, his leadership style, his conceptualisation of the identity disorders, his formulation of group norms, are all connected with his values and ideology. On the other hand "we should ask ourselves: what are the real change induction mechanisms in small" groups?" Group therapy has reached a development which facilitates research work. David Malan has recently given an example of scientific honesty in this area. They said "We, the group therapists with many years of experience must set an example before our junior colleagues by putting into question our own theoretical position and the techniques that each of us is using". Next, they paid attention to socio-cultural aspects of contemporary society and analysed at some length the learning process of cultural values. We live in a "prefigurative culture", as Margaret Mead called it. Not long ago parents used to say to their children "You must realise that I was young and you have never been old". Today our youngsters could reply to the same question by saying "Yes, but you have never been young in the world in which I am young!" Finally, they said "Junior therapists should learn from their seniors in order not to waste their time inventing what already exists. But what they are taught should only be the base from which they could create and make original contributions. For that reason is so important that in this Congress senior and junior therapists listen to each otherl" Next, P. Dias Correa, P. Tavares da Silva and J. Izai (Brasil) gave a paper on the metapsychology of interpretation in groups. Finally, J. A. Carrillo Carrillo, C. Diaz de Mathmann and S. Radosh Corkidi (Mexico) reviewed the theme "Current Trends in Group Psychotherapy" in the context of history, organisation and goals of the Mexican Association of Analytic Group Psychotherapy (AMPAG). They divided the history of AMPAG into four periods. The first (1962-68) consisted of a process of differentiation from the Mexican Psychoanalytic Association, from which the founders of AMPAG originally came. The second (1968-73) was a period of "institutional lethargy" characterised by splits, losses and confusion. The third (1972-1976) was a period of revision in which the goals, structure, methods, programmes and ideology of the institution were put into question. In the fourth period (1976/1979~ mportant changes have taken place. A house was found for the Association, the Training Institute and the Clinic. Group analysts totally trained in the Association began to take leadership positions. Finally, in 1978, the whole organisation of AMPAG was radically democratised. As far as the theoretical ortentation of AMPAG is concerned, there have been three periods. The first period can be called "group psychoanalytic", greatly influenced by Freudian and Kleinian theories, the work of Bion and the so-called "Argentinian School". The second period can be described in terms of "analytic group therapy" and allowed the incorporation and integration of new technical resources (action techniques, marathon groups, etc.). The third and present period is marked by the -tendency to embrace a large and complex field in which a variety of disciplines converge (sociology, social psychology, structural anthropology, linguistics, General Systems Theory, etc.). They now have a special interest in the French School of Institutional Analysis. After the plenary session (which was held on Thursday morning) all Congress members divided into small groups and met in separate rooms in order to re-examine the central themes exposed by the Argentinian, Brasilian and Mexican delegations. Each small group had a formal leader and a "synthesiser", the function of the latter being to produce a brief report on the issues and conclusions of the discussion. Members spent the rest of the day working in those groups. On Friday and Saturday morning there were ZOB small group workshops, mostly experiential, taking half the day (either between 9.00 and 12.30 or between 3.00 and 6.30). Three workshops met for the whole of Friday; each workshop had a theme, a formal leader and an observer and synthesiser. Application for a 7572 particular workshop had to be made in advance. A large number of workshops were devoted to family therapy (including family therapy in drug addiction, psychosis, child and adolescent psychiatry, etc.), marital therapy, institutional psychology, group analysis and psychodrama. There were two workshops on co-therapy, five on group psychotherapy with adolescents, two on group psychotherapy with children and three on group work in psycho- geriatrics. The list of themes included supervision, training groups. brief group therapy, gestalt, encounter -, BaZint groups, time-extended sessions, co-therapz~, group therapy of alcoholism and group therapy of obesity. Some interesting workshop titles were: "The analysis of the therapist's professional identity and therapeutic style in groups", "Jewish identity and social stigma",'!Group work in paediatric and obstetric psycho-prophylaxis", "Institutional approach to medical emergencies, the case of the intensive therapy unit", "Group experiences in units of haemodialysis and renal transplants" and "Body work and group interaction". Dr. Dellarossa led a workshop on 'r~ef'Zection Groups" and Dr. Usandivaras taught his "MarbZes Test". A. Pampliega de Quiroga led a whole-day workshop on Pichon Riviere's theory and technique of "Operative Groups". B. Blay Neto (Sao Paulo, Brasil) led an animated workshop on Acting out and Countertransference. He suggested some exercises of interpersonal perception which the group members carried out and analysed. He talked about the relationship between the therapist's feelings and his perception of the patient's inner world and drew some examples from a deaf and dumb group that he conducted. Blay Neto expressed the idea that acting out may be a group response to unresolved countertransference on the part of the therapist. The theme acting out was also treated by G. Ferschtut (Buenos Aires) who posed the following questions: When does the acting out occur - before, during or after the session? Where does acting out take place - in the coffee bar with other group members, in the family? Who owns the acting out and whom is it addressed to? How can acting out be transformed in working through? David Rosenfeld (Buenos Aires) began his workshop by presenting a paper on Moses as a group conductor. He said that in his book Sartre and Group Psychotherapy he tries to understand how a group evolves in time by relating Sartre's ideas with an historical event: the exodus of the Jewish people. Dr. D. Liberman conducted an enjoyable workshop on The work, the author and the group. He described his experience in leading training groups which study his work. The boundaries between learning and creativity were looked at. There is a difference between "book" and "work" and the reader may not know that the author's work is still in process and that his ideas may have changed or developed further. Nelson Pocci (Sao Paulo) expressed his interest in what he calls the psychosomatic moment of the group analytic process, that particular moment of the group life when body sensations, corporal aches and psychosomatic symptoms appear while the transference relationship is experienced as emptiness. L. Allegro (Buenos Aires) presented his views about The therapeutic action of the group on the individual, based on object relations theory. A. P. Castelnuovo (Buenos Aires) conducted a workshop on Institutional Psychology (which is not "psychology in the institution", as he made it clear) and compared the ideas of E. Jacques, J. Bleger and E. Pichon Riviere. Aldo Schlemenson (Buenos Aires) took up the theme Professional teams, explained his background at Brunel University with Elliot Jacques, compared the dynamics of a hospital team in England with one of Argentina and paid attention to the concepts of "context" and "meta-context". Ida Butelman (Buenos Aires) reported on ConfLicts, demands and interventions in private educational institutions. M. Fernandez Velloso 7673 (Sao Paulo) led a workshop on Presentation and representation in institutions, showing his "case of transitional objects" (toys, bricks, etc.) which he uses in the projective testing of institutional groups. Groups have to play freely with those objects and video-feed-back is used. L. A. Albornoz, J. Alonso and J. G. Badaracco convened a workshop on the psychoanalytically orientated therapeutic community and related issues (multi-family groups, co-therapy and so on). Besides the 108 workshops there were three symposia (each of them attracting approximately 200 participants) which members could optionally attend. The first symposium (Friday morning) focused on Ps~chodrama and was chaired by Dr. M. Abadi, former President of the Argentinian Psychoanalytic Association. The second symposium (Friday afternoon) was on HoListic Approach to Pharmaco-dependency, a theme that was treated by a panel led by Dr. C. N. Cagliotti, Director of the Argentinian National Centre for the Social Rehabilitation of Drug-Addicts (CENARESO). The third symposium (Saturday morning) was concerned with FarrrZZ~ Therapy and chaired by Dr. A. Serrano, Director of the Community Guidance Center, San Antonio, U.S.A. The symposium on Psychodrama was opened by Dr. M. Abadi who charmed the audience with his fine conceptualisations about spontaneity, inner freedom and creativity. I think that his presence there had a special significance, showing that in South America psychoanalysts and psychodramatists can talk to each other. Dr. M. Zuretti discussed some theoretical issues of classical psychodrama (encounter, tele, sharing and so forth). Dr. D. Bustos talked about group process, sociometry and psychodramatic therapy, paying attention to the function of the role as a mediator between Ego and outer world. Dr. N. de Montagna spoke about psychoanalytic psychodrama, put emphasis on the concept of identification, related repetition compulsion with role repetition and made links between symbolic role and dramatic language. Dr. E. Alva described her experience in using psychodrama with chronic psychotic patients in a mental hospital, along the lines initiated by J. Rojas Bermudez. Dr. C. Martinez Bouquet explained his "theory of the scene", according to which the unconscious is seen as being structured in scenes. The symposium went on for two and a half hours, during which time the participants declined to have a coffee break. There was an active exchange between panelists and audience. In South America there seems to be a growing interest in psychodrama and active techniques, but there is consensus about the necessity to use them in the framework of the psychodynamic understanding. The theory of psychodrama has deveioped to an extent that is probably unknown in the United States. The panel on pharmaco-dependency was formed by a psychiatrist, a clinical psychologist, a lawyer, a social worker, an anthropologist and an Educational Scientist. They discussed the social, cultural, legal and psychiatric aspects of drug-addiction, its psychodynamic understanding and treatment, using a concrete clinical case as an example. They proposed a therapeutic programme, as currently practised in CENARESO, which evolves in three stages: (1) assessment, (2) in- patient time-limited group therapy and (3) out-patient social rehabilitation. The symposium on family therapy was initiated by J. Garcia Badaracco, who talked about The famiZz~ as a real or virtual context in every psychotherapeutic process. A. Canevaro was concerned with The relationship between group psychotherapy and family therapy and their status as scientific disciplines. S. Korin spoke about The words we use, touching upon the socio-cul tural aspects of the jargon used in treatment, training and research. I. Berenstein (Tel Shomer Hospital; Tel Aviv, Israel) described a model for The interpretation o,f the unconsczous ~ arrriZ~ structure. In South-America, analytic group therapy is mostly practised by psychoanalysts.' By and large it is still "applied psychoanalysis". Group analysts do not form a strong cohesive body and do not have a clearly defined professional identity. Training institutions are youna and have not. been able yet significantly to, impinge on this situation. In that context, " - " 7774 "group analysis" proper remains over-shadowed and the Foulkesian approach is still largely unexplored. Preoccupation about this problem was expressed in a workshop entitled Group Analytic Psychotherapy: from Selection to Discharge, conducted by Dr. J. C. Carpilovsky (Rio de Janeiro). It was said that in Brasil group analysis has not achieved its independence from psychoanalysis as yet. A Mexican participant said that the only way to secure the independent identity and growth of group analysis is to require personal group analytic therapy as a fundamental part of the training. Similar issues were discussed in the workshop on The Individual and the Group run by Dr. C. Castelar (Rio de Janeiro). The countries best represented were Argentina, Brasil and Uruguay. The Mexicans formed a cohesive group in the name of AMPAG. Chile, a country which at one time had played an important part in South American group therapy (the Second Latin-American Congress was held in Santiago in 1960) was absent this time, hardly surprisingly. I met a small group of Paraguayan colleagues who are developing an interest in groups. Ecuador, an ever forgotten small nation, was represented. The organisation was absolutely faultless. The luxurious and spacious Plaza Hotel was a well chosen venue. The social activities were extremely enjoyable and enriched by the liveliness and friendliness of the Brasilians. Every participant had a pigeonhole in which he could find all sorts of printed material and messages. A large team of "synthesisers", typists and printers managed to put in circulation with great speed the protocols of all sessions. In a climate of bereavement the plenary session of closure took place on Saturday afternoon, when several speakers gave their positive evaluation of the Congress. It is worth mentioning that a few weeks later another important event took place in Buenos Aires, the "Third Latin-American Congress of Psychodrama and Fourth Argentinian-Brasilian Encounter of Psychodrama" under the Presidency of Dr. J. Rojas-Bermudez. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF THE GROUP-ANALYTIC SOCIETY (LONDON), 25th February 1980 This is a brief notice about the Annual General Meeting of the Society which was held just at the time when GROUP ANALYSIS was going to press for this issue. Dr. Vivienne Cohen, acting as Vice President, explained how Mr. James Home had resigned earlier in the Society's year because of ill health, and thanked him for the innovative ideas that he had suggested. We welcomed the new President, Mrs. Jane Abercrombie. The Scientific Meeting Programme of the year was reviewed; the progress of the journal GROUP ANALYSIS was discussed, as well as the difficulties that have become obvious in terms of distribution to overseas members. It was strongly recommended that overseas members should take out an Air Mail subscription. The S. H. Foulkes Lecture for 1980 was announced further. This will be given by Professor Morton Lieberman on Monday, 21st April 1980 at the Edward Lewis Lecture Theatre, Middlesex Hospital, London W.1, and he will speak on "Group Therapy - Beyond the Therapy Group." Plans for the International Congress in Copenhagen in August were discussed, as well as travel arrangements. Mr. James Home's ideas were aired. He expressed the hope that the "Conversaziones" that have been arranged will continue, in which members can meet informally to 7875 spend an evening discussing a particular theme. He also talked about the possibilities of weekend retreats for members to deepen their experience of each other and their understanding of various theoretical issues. Mr. Home also stressed the need for Society members to give of their time and skills, in workshops, the funds from which would be given to the Society. Dr. Cohen, as Treasurer, emphasised the financial deficit that had been incurred this year and plans for economising and increasing income were discussed, including the idea by Mr. Home about donations of income from workshops to the Society. Dr. Malcolm Pines and Mrs. Hglgne Home have resigned from the Committee and the new Committee consists of: Mrs. Jane Abercrombie (President) Dr. Harold Behr (Editor of GROUP ANALYSIS) Mrs. Wyn Bramley Dr. Johanna Brieger Dr. Vivienne Cohen Dr. Murray Cox Mrs. Elizabeth Foulkes Mr. Tom Hamrogue Mrs. Liesel Hearst Dr. Colin James Dr. Andrew Powell Dr. Sabina Strich Dr. Agnes Wilkinson Dr. Louis Zinkin.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Reports</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Reports</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Johan</namePart><namePart type="family">Lansen</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Valerie</namePart><namePart type="family">Mallon</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Schlapobersky</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marie</namePart><namePart type="family">Stride</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gerry</namePart><namePart type="family">McNeilly</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mario</namePart><namePart type="family">Marrone</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Colin</namePart><namePart type="family">James</namePart></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Sage Publications</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1980-04</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1980</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Group Analysis</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0533-3164</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1461-717X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">GAQ</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">spgaq</identifier><part><date>1980</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start><end>75</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F95FF1C5237386C62ACE2C508E3A913F030AEA5A</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1177/053331648001300119</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">10.1177_053331648001300119</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SAGE</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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