Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
Identifieur interne : 000624 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000623; suivant : 000625Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
Auteurs : Janelle Drouin-Ouellet ; Isabelle St-Amour ; Martine Saint-Pierre ; Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx ; Jasna Kriz ; Roger A. Barker ; Francesca CicchettiSource :
- The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology [ 1469-5111 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Antiparkinson Agents (pharmacology), B-Lymphocytes (metabolism), Brain (drug effects), Brain (immunology), Brain (metabolism), Case-Control Studies, Dexamethasone (pharmacology), Disease Models, Animal, Female, Green Fluorescent Proteins (genetics), Green Fluorescent Proteins (metabolism), Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microglia (drug effects), Microglia (metabolism), Middle Aged, Monocytes (metabolism), Parkinson Disease (blood), Parkinson Disease (drug therapy), Parkinson Disease (genetics), Parkinson Disease (immunology), Parkinson Disease (metabolism), Time Factors, Toll-Like Receptor 2 (metabolism), Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism), Toll-Like Receptors (blood), Toll-Like Receptors (immunology), Toll-Like Receptors (metabolism), Up-Regulation, alpha-Synuclein (genetics), alpha-Synuclein (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Toll-Like Receptors.
- chemical , genetics : Green Fluorescent Proteins, alpha-Synuclein.
- chemical , immunology : Toll-Like Receptors.
- chemical , metabolism : Green Fluorescent Proteins, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Toll-Like Receptors, alpha-Synuclein.
- chemical , pharmacology : Antiparkinson Agents, Dexamethasone.
- blood : Parkinson Disease.
- drug effects : Brain, Microglia.
- drug therapy : Parkinson Disease.
- genetics : Parkinson Disease.
- immunology : Brain, Parkinson Disease.
- metabolism : B-Lymphocytes, Brain, Microglia, Monocytes, Parkinson Disease.
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Case-Control Studies, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Up-Regulation.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Importantly, recent preclinical studies are now suggesting a specific contribution of inflammation to the α-synuclein-induced pathology seen in this condition.
DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu103
PubMed: 25522431
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:25522431Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" sort="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" uniqKey="Drouin Ouellet J" first="Janelle" last="Drouin-Ouellet">Janelle Drouin-Ouellet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="St Amour, Isabelle" sort="St Amour, Isabelle" uniqKey="St Amour I" first="Isabelle" last="St-Amour">Isabelle St-Amour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saint Pierre, Martine" sort="Saint Pierre, Martine" uniqKey="Saint Pierre M" first="Martine" last="Saint-Pierre">Martine Saint-Pierre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamontagne Proulx, Jerome" sort="Lamontagne Proulx, Jerome" uniqKey="Lamontagne Proulx J" first="Jérôme" last="Lamontagne-Proulx">Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kriz, Jasna" sort="Kriz, Jasna" uniqKey="Kriz J" first="Jasna" last="Kriz">Jasna Kriz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger A" sort="Barker, Roger A" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger A" last="Barker">Roger A. Barker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Francesca" sort="Cicchetti, Francesca" uniqKey="Cicchetti F" first="Francesca" last="Cicchetti">Francesca Cicchetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25522431</idno><idno type="pmid">25522431</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/ijnp/pyu103</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000624</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000624</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.</title><author><name sortKey="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" sort="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" uniqKey="Drouin Ouellet J" first="Janelle" last="Drouin-Ouellet">Janelle Drouin-Ouellet</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="St Amour, Isabelle" sort="St Amour, Isabelle" uniqKey="St Amour I" first="Isabelle" last="St-Amour">Isabelle St-Amour</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saint Pierre, Martine" sort="Saint Pierre, Martine" uniqKey="Saint Pierre M" first="Martine" last="Saint-Pierre">Martine Saint-Pierre</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lamontagne Proulx, Jerome" sort="Lamontagne Proulx, Jerome" uniqKey="Lamontagne Proulx J" first="Jérôme" last="Lamontagne-Proulx">Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kriz, Jasna" sort="Kriz, Jasna" uniqKey="Kriz J" first="Jasna" last="Kriz">Jasna Kriz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger A" sort="Barker, Roger A" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger A" last="Barker">Roger A. Barker</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Francesca" sort="Cicchetti, Francesca" uniqKey="Cicchetti F" first="Francesca" last="Cicchetti">Francesca Cicchetti</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology</title><idno type="eISSN">1469-5111</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Animals</term><term>Antiparkinson Agents (pharmacology)</term><term>B-Lymphocytes (metabolism)</term><term>Brain (drug effects)</term><term>Brain (immunology)</term><term>Brain (metabolism)</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Dexamethasone (pharmacology)</term><term>Disease Models, Animal</term><term>Female</term><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Mice, Transgenic</term><term>Microglia (drug effects)</term><term>Microglia (metabolism)</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Monocytes (metabolism)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (blood)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (drug therapy)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (genetics)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (immunology)</term><term>Parkinson Disease (metabolism)</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 2 (metabolism)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 4 (metabolism)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptors (blood)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptors (immunology)</term><term>Toll-Like Receptors (metabolism)</term><term>Up-Regulation</term><term>alpha-Synuclein (genetics)</term><term>alpha-Synuclein (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Toll-Like Receptors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins</term><term>alpha-Synuclein</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Toll-Like Receptors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Green Fluorescent Proteins</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 2</term><term>Toll-Like Receptor 4</term><term>Toll-Like Receptors</term><term>alpha-Synuclein</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antiparkinson Agents</term><term>Dexamethasone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term><term>Microglia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Brain</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>B-Lymphocytes</term><term>Brain</term><term>Microglia</term><term>Monocytes</term><term>Parkinson Disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Animals</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Disease Models, Animal</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Mice, Transgenic</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Time Factors</term><term>Up-Regulation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Accumulating evidence supports a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Importantly, recent preclinical studies are now suggesting a specific contribution of inflammation to the α-synuclein-induced pathology seen in this condition.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25522431</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>12</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1469-5111</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>18</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Toll-like receptor expression in the blood and brain of patients and a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1093/ijnp/pyu103</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">pyu103</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Accumulating evidence supports a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Importantly, recent preclinical studies are now suggesting a specific contribution of inflammation to the α-synuclein-induced pathology seen in this condition.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">We used flow cytometry and western blots to detect toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression in blood and brain samples of Parkinson's disease patients and mice overexpressing human α-synuclein. To further assess the effects of α-synuclein overexpression on the innate immune system, we performed a longitudinal study using Thy1.2-α-synuclein mice that expressed a bicistronic DNA construct (reporter genes luciferase and green fluorescent protein) under the transcriptional control of the murine toll-like receptor 2 promoter.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Here, we report increases in toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression in circulating monocytes and of toll-like receptor 4 in B cells and in the caudate/putamen of Parkinson's disease patients. Monthly bioluminescence imaging of Thy1.2-α-synuclein mice showed increasing toll-like receptor 2 expression from 10 months of age, although no change in toll-like receptor 2 and 4 expression was observed in the blood and brain of these mice at 12 months of age. Dexamethasone treatment starting at 5 months of age for 1 month significantly decreased the microglial response in the brain of these mice and promoted functional recovery as observed using a wheel-running activity test.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">Our results show that toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are modulated in the blood and brain of Parkinson's disease patients and that overexpression of α-synuclein leads to a progressive microglial response, the inhibition of which has a beneficial impact on some motor phenotypes of an animal model of α-synucleinopathy.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drouin-Ouellet</LastName><ForeName>Janelle</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>St-Amour</LastName><ForeName>Isabelle</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saint-Pierre</LastName><ForeName>Martine</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lamontagne-Proulx</LastName><ForeName>Jérôme</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kriz</LastName><ForeName>Jasna</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barker</LastName><ForeName>Roger A</ForeName><Initials>RA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti).</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cicchetti</LastName><ForeName>Francesca</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Drs Drouin-Ouellet and Barker); Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr St-Amour, Ms Saint-Pierre, Mr Lamontagne-Proulx, and Dr Cicchetti); Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada (Dr Kriz); and Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada (Drs Kriz and Cicchetti). jd628@cam.ac.uk francesca.cicchetti@crchudequebec.ulaval.ca.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><Agency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research</Agency><Country>Canada</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Int J Neuropsychopharmacol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9815893</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1461-1457</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D000978">Antiparkinson Agents</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C497604">SNCA protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C495342">TLR2 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C495345">TLR4 protein, human</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C493486">Tlr2 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C493487">Tlr4 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051195">Toll-Like Receptor 2</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051197">Toll-Like Receptor 4</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051193">Toll-Like Receptors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance 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