Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.
Identifieur interne : 000311 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000310; suivant : 000312Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.
Auteurs : Hernan Lorenzi ; Asis Khan ; Michael S. Behnke ; Sivaranjani Namasivayam ; Lakshmipuram S. Swapna ; Michalis Hadjithomas ; Svetlana Karamycheva ; Deborah Pinney ; Brian P. Brunk ; James W. Ajioka ; Daniel Ajzenberg ; John C. Boothroyd ; Jon P. Boyle ; Marie L. Dardé ; Maria A. Diaz-Miranda ; Jitender P. Dubey ; Heather M. Fritz ; Solange M. Gennari ; Brian D. Gregory ; Kami Kim ; Jeroen P J. Saeij ; Chunlei Su ; Michael W. White ; Xing-Quan Zhu ; Daniel K. Howe ; Benjamin M. Rosenthal ; Michael E. Grigg ; John Parkinson ; Liang Liu ; Jessica C. Kissinger ; David S. Roos ; L David SibleySource :
- Nature communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Conserved Sequence, DNA, Protozoan (genetics), Gene Expression Regulation (physiology), Genome, Protozoan, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protozoan Proteins (genetics), Protozoan Proteins (metabolism), RNA, Messenger (genetics), RNA, Messenger (metabolism), Synteny, Toxoplasma (genetics), Toxoplasma (pathogenicity), Virulence.
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Protozoan, Protozoan Proteins, RNA, Messenger.
- chemical , metabolism : Protozoan Proteins, RNA, Messenger.
- genetics : Toxoplasma.
- pathogenicity : Toxoplasma.
- physiology : Gene Expression Regulation.
- Conserved Sequence, Genome, Protozoan, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Synteny, Virulence.
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10147
PubMed: 26738725
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:26738725Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.</title><author><name sortKey="Lorenzi, Hernan" sort="Lorenzi, Hernan" uniqKey="Lorenzi H" first="Hernan" last="Lorenzi">Hernan Lorenzi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Asis" sort="Khan, Asis" uniqKey="Khan A" first="Asis" last="Khan">Asis Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behnke, Michael S" sort="Behnke, Michael S" uniqKey="Behnke M" first="Michael S" last="Behnke">Michael S. Behnke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Namasivayam, Sivaranjani" sort="Namasivayam, Sivaranjani" uniqKey="Namasivayam S" first="Sivaranjani" last="Namasivayam">Sivaranjani Namasivayam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swapna, Lakshmipuram S" sort="Swapna, Lakshmipuram S" uniqKey="Swapna L" first="Lakshmipuram S" last="Swapna">Lakshmipuram S. Swapna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjithomas, Michalis" sort="Hadjithomas, Michalis" uniqKey="Hadjithomas M" first="Michalis" last="Hadjithomas">Michalis Hadjithomas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamycheva, Svetlana" sort="Karamycheva, Svetlana" uniqKey="Karamycheva S" first="Svetlana" last="Karamycheva">Svetlana Karamycheva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinney, Deborah" sort="Pinney, Deborah" uniqKey="Pinney D" first="Deborah" last="Pinney">Deborah Pinney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunk, Brian P" sort="Brunk, Brian P" uniqKey="Brunk B" first="Brian P" last="Brunk">Brian P. Brunk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajioka, James W" sort="Ajioka, James W" uniqKey="Ajioka J" first="James W" last="Ajioka">James W. Ajioka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajzenberg, Daniel" sort="Ajzenberg, Daniel" uniqKey="Ajzenberg D" first="Daniel" last="Ajzenberg">Daniel Ajzenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boothroyd, John C" sort="Boothroyd, John C" uniqKey="Boothroyd J" first="John C" last="Boothroyd">John C. Boothroyd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyle, Jon P" sort="Boyle, Jon P" uniqKey="Boyle J" first="Jon P" last="Boyle">Jon P. Boyle</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darde, Marie L" sort="Darde, Marie L" uniqKey="Darde M" first="Marie L" last="Dardé">Marie L. Dardé</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Miranda, Maria A" sort="Diaz Miranda, Maria A" uniqKey="Diaz Miranda M" first="Maria A" last="Diaz-Miranda">Maria A. Diaz-Miranda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubey, Jitender P" sort="Dubey, Jitender P" uniqKey="Dubey J" first="Jitender P" last="Dubey">Jitender P. Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, Heather M" sort="Fritz, Heather M" uniqKey="Fritz H" first="Heather M" last="Fritz">Heather M. Fritz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gennari, Solange M" sort="Gennari, Solange M" uniqKey="Gennari S" first="Solange M" last="Gennari">Solange M. Gennari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05598-270, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregory, Brian D" sort="Gregory, Brian D" uniqKey="Gregory B" first="Brian D" last="Gregory">Brian D. Gregory</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Kami" sort="Kim, Kami" uniqKey="Kim K" first="Kami" last="Kim">Kami Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saeij, Jeroen P J" sort="Saeij, Jeroen P J" uniqKey="Saeij J" first="Jeroen P J" last="Saeij">Jeroen P J. Saeij</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Microbiology &Immunology, University of California, David, California 95616, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, Chunlei" sort="Su, Chunlei" uniqKey="Su C" first="Chunlei" last="Su">Chunlei Su</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Michael W" sort="White, Michael W" uniqKey="White M" first="Michael W" last="White">Michael W. White</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Molecular Medicine and Global Health, Florida Center for Drug Discovery and Development (CDDI), University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Xing Quan" sort="Zhu, Xing Quan" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xing-Quan" last="Zhu">Xing-Quan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howe, Daniel K" sort="Howe, Daniel K" uniqKey="Howe D" first="Daniel K" last="Howe">Daniel K. Howe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, Benjamin M" sort="Rosenthal, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Rosenthal B" first="Benjamin M" last="Rosenthal">Benjamin M. Rosenthal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigg, Michael E" sort="Grigg, Michael E" uniqKey="Grigg M" first="Michael E" last="Grigg">Michael E. Grigg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, John" sort="Parkinson, John" uniqKey="Parkinson J" first="John" last="Parkinson">John Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Liang" sort="Liu, Liang" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Liang" last="Liu">Liang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kissinger, Jessica C" sort="Kissinger, Jessica C" uniqKey="Kissinger J" first="Jessica C" last="Kissinger">Jessica C. Kissinger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roos, David S" sort="Roos, David S" uniqKey="Roos D" first="David S" last="Roos">David S. Roos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, L David" sort="Sibley, L David" uniqKey="Sibley L" first="L David" last="Sibley">L David Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26738725</idno><idno type="pmid">26738725</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/ncomms10147</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000311</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.</title><author><name sortKey="Lorenzi, Hernan" sort="Lorenzi, Hernan" uniqKey="Lorenzi H" first="Hernan" last="Lorenzi">Hernan Lorenzi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Asis" sort="Khan, Asis" uniqKey="Khan A" first="Asis" last="Khan">Asis Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behnke, Michael S" sort="Behnke, Michael S" uniqKey="Behnke M" first="Michael S" last="Behnke">Michael S. Behnke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Namasivayam, Sivaranjani" sort="Namasivayam, Sivaranjani" uniqKey="Namasivayam S" first="Sivaranjani" last="Namasivayam">Sivaranjani Namasivayam</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Swapna, Lakshmipuram S" sort="Swapna, Lakshmipuram S" uniqKey="Swapna L" first="Lakshmipuram S" last="Swapna">Lakshmipuram S. Swapna</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hadjithomas, Michalis" sort="Hadjithomas, Michalis" uniqKey="Hadjithomas M" first="Michalis" last="Hadjithomas">Michalis Hadjithomas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karamycheva, Svetlana" sort="Karamycheva, Svetlana" uniqKey="Karamycheva S" first="Svetlana" last="Karamycheva">Svetlana Karamycheva</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pinney, Deborah" sort="Pinney, Deborah" uniqKey="Pinney D" first="Deborah" last="Pinney">Deborah Pinney</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunk, Brian P" sort="Brunk, Brian P" uniqKey="Brunk B" first="Brian P" last="Brunk">Brian P. Brunk</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajioka, James W" sort="Ajioka, James W" uniqKey="Ajioka J" first="James W" last="Ajioka">James W. Ajioka</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ajzenberg, Daniel" sort="Ajzenberg, Daniel" uniqKey="Ajzenberg D" first="Daniel" last="Ajzenberg">Daniel Ajzenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boothroyd, John C" sort="Boothroyd, John C" uniqKey="Boothroyd J" first="John C" last="Boothroyd">John C. Boothroyd</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boyle, Jon P" sort="Boyle, Jon P" uniqKey="Boyle J" first="Jon P" last="Boyle">Jon P. Boyle</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Darde, Marie L" sort="Darde, Marie L" uniqKey="Darde M" first="Marie L" last="Dardé">Marie L. Dardé</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz Miranda, Maria A" sort="Diaz Miranda, Maria A" uniqKey="Diaz Miranda M" first="Maria A" last="Diaz-Miranda">Maria A. Diaz-Miranda</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubey, Jitender P" sort="Dubey, Jitender P" uniqKey="Dubey J" first="Jitender P" last="Dubey">Jitender P. Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fritz, Heather M" sort="Fritz, Heather M" uniqKey="Fritz H" first="Heather M" last="Fritz">Heather M. Fritz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gennari, Solange M" sort="Gennari, Solange M" uniqKey="Gennari S" first="Solange M" last="Gennari">Solange M. Gennari</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05598-270, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregory, Brian D" sort="Gregory, Brian D" uniqKey="Gregory B" first="Brian D" last="Gregory">Brian D. Gregory</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Kami" sort="Kim, Kami" uniqKey="Kim K" first="Kami" last="Kim">Kami Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saeij, Jeroen P J" sort="Saeij, Jeroen P J" uniqKey="Saeij J" first="Jeroen P J" last="Saeij">Jeroen P J. Saeij</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Microbiology &Immunology, University of California, David, California 95616, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, Chunlei" sort="Su, Chunlei" uniqKey="Su C" first="Chunlei" last="Su">Chunlei Su</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Michael W" sort="White, Michael W" uniqKey="White M" first="Michael W" last="White">Michael W. White</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Departments of Molecular Medicine and Global Health, Florida Center for Drug Discovery and Development (CDDI), University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Xing Quan" sort="Zhu, Xing Quan" uniqKey="Zhu X" first="Xing-Quan" last="Zhu">Xing-Quan Zhu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Howe, Daniel K" sort="Howe, Daniel K" uniqKey="Howe D" first="Daniel K" last="Howe">Daniel K. Howe</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, Benjamin M" sort="Rosenthal, Benjamin M" uniqKey="Rosenthal B" first="Benjamin M" last="Rosenthal">Benjamin M. Rosenthal</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grigg, Michael E" sort="Grigg, Michael E" uniqKey="Grigg M" first="Michael E" last="Grigg">Michael E. Grigg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, John" sort="Parkinson, John" uniqKey="Parkinson J" first="John" last="Parkinson">John Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Liang" sort="Liu, Liang" uniqKey="Liu L" first="Liang" last="Liu">Liang Liu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kissinger, Jessica C" sort="Kissinger, Jessica C" uniqKey="Kissinger J" first="Jessica C" last="Kissinger">Jessica C. Kissinger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roos, David S" sort="Roos, David S" uniqKey="Roos D" first="David S" last="Roos">David S. Roos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, L David" sort="Sibley, L David" uniqKey="Sibley L" first="L David" last="Sibley">L David Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature communications</title><idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Conserved Sequence</term><term>DNA, Protozoan (genetics)</term><term>Gene Expression Regulation (physiology)</term><term>Genome, Protozoan</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Protozoan Proteins (genetics)</term><term>Protozoan Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>RNA, Messenger (genetics)</term><term>RNA, Messenger (metabolism)</term><term>Synteny</term><term>Toxoplasma (genetics)</term><term>Toxoplasma (pathogenicity)</term><term>Virulence</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Protozoan</term><term>Protozoan Proteins</term><term>RNA, Messenger</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Protozoan Proteins</term><term>RNA, Messenger</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Toxoplasma</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Toxoplasma</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression Regulation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Conserved Sequence</term><term>Genome, Protozoan</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Synteny</term><term>Virulence</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26738725</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">2041-1723</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>7</Volume><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Jan</Month><Day>07</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Nature communications</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Nat Commun</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Local admixture of amplified and diversified secreted pathogenesis determinants shapes mosaic Toxoplasma gondii genomes.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>10147</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1038/ncomms10147</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Toxoplasma gondii is among the most prevalent parasites worldwide, infecting many wild and domestic animals and causing zoonotic infections in humans. T. gondii differs substantially in its broad distribution from closely related parasites that typically have narrow, specialized host ranges. To elucidate the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the genomes of 62 globally distributed T. gondii isolates to several closely related coccidian parasites. Our findings reveal that tandem amplification and diversification of secretory pathogenesis determinants is the primary feature that distinguishes the closely related genomes of these biologically diverse parasites. We further show that the unusual population structure of T. gondii is characterized by clade-specific inheritance of large conserved haploblocks that are significantly enriched in tandemly clustered secretory pathogenesis determinants. The shared inheritance of these conserved haploblocks, which show a different ancestry than the genome as a whole, may thus influence transmission, host range and pathogenicity.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lorenzi</LastName><ForeName>Hernan</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khan</LastName><ForeName>Asis</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Behnke</LastName><ForeName>Michael S</ForeName><Initials>MS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rougea Louisian 70803, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Namasivayam</LastName><ForeName>Sivaranjani</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Swapna</LastName><ForeName>Lakshmipuram S</ForeName><Initials>LS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hadjithomas</LastName><ForeName>Michalis</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karamycheva</LastName><ForeName>Svetlana</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-8910</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, The J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pinney</LastName><ForeName>Deborah</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brunk</LastName><ForeName>Brian P</ForeName><Initials>BP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ajioka</LastName><ForeName>James W</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ajzenberg</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boothroyd</LastName><ForeName>John C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Boyle</LastName><ForeName>Jon P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dardé</LastName><ForeName>Marie L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Biological Resource Center for Toxoplasma, INSERM, University Limoges, CHU Limoges, UMR_S 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, Limoges 87025, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Diaz-Miranda</LastName><ForeName>Maria A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dubey</LastName><ForeName>Jitender P</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fritz</LastName><ForeName>Heather M</ForeName><Initials>HM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gennari</LastName><ForeName>Solange M</ForeName><Initials>SM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05598-270, Brazil.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gregory</LastName><ForeName>Brian D</ForeName><Initials>BD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kim</LastName><ForeName>Kami</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Saeij</LastName><ForeName>Jeroen P J</ForeName><Initials>JP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Microbiology &Immunology, University of California, David, California 95616, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Su</LastName><ForeName>Chunlei</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>White</LastName><ForeName>Michael W</ForeName><Initials>MW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Molecular Medicine and Global Health, Florida Center for Drug Discovery and Development (CDDI), University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhu</LastName><ForeName>Xing-Quan</ForeName><Initials>XQ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Howe</LastName><ForeName>Daniel K</ForeName><Initials>DK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenthal</LastName><ForeName>Benjamin M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Grigg</LastName><ForeName>Michael E</ForeName><Initials>ME</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parkinson</LastName><ForeName>John</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Liang</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kissinger</LastName><ForeName>Jessica C</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roos</LastName><ForeName>David S</ForeName><Initials>DS</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sibley</LastName><ForeName>L David</ForeName><Initials>LD</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI036629</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI080621</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R21 AI110351</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272200900007C</GrantID><Agency>PHS HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI087625</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K22 AI108721</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI114655</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH 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AI034036</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>MOP 84556</GrantID><Agency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research</Agency><Country>Canada</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272201400030C</GrantID><Agency>PHS HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>07</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Nat Commun</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101528555</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>2041-1723</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016054">DNA, 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Nucleotide</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015800" MajorTopicYN="N">Protozoan Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012333" MajorTopicYN="N">RNA, Messenger</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D026801" MajorTopicYN="N">Synteny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014122" MajorTopicYN="N">Toxoplasma</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014774" MajorTopicYN="N">Virulence</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4729833</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>21</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>09</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>8</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26738725</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">ncomms10147</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1038/ncomms10147</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4729833</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous 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