Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia's Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy.
Identifieur interne : 000294 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000293; suivant : 000295Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia's Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy.
Auteurs : Simon C. Parkinson ; Ned Djilali ; Volker Krey ; Oliver Fricko ; Nils Johnson ; Zarrar Khan ; Khaled Sedraoui ; Abdulrahman H. AlmasoudSource :
- Environmental science & technology [ 1520-5851 ] ; 2016.
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Abstract
Balancing groundwater depletion, socioeconomic development and food security in Saudi Arabia will require policy that promotes expansion of unconventional freshwater supply options, such as wastewater recycling and desalination. As these processes consume more electricity than conventional freshwater supply technologies, Saudi Arabia's electricity system is vulnerable to groundwater conservation policy. This paper examines strategies for adapting to long-term groundwater constraints in Saudi Arabia's freshwater and electricity supply sectors with an integrated modeling framework. The approach combines electricity and freshwater supply planning models across provinces to provide an improved representation of coupled infrastructure systems. The tool is applied to study the interaction between policy aimed at a complete phase-out of nonrenewable groundwater extraction and concurrent policy aimed at achieving deep reductions in electricity sector carbon emissions. We find that transitioning away from nonrenewable groundwater use by the year 2050 could increase electricity demand by more than 40% relative to 2010 conditions, and require investments similar to strategies aimed at transitioning away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector. Higher electricity demands under groundwater constraints reduce flexibility of supply side options in the electricity sector to limit carbon emissions, making it more expensive to fulfill climate sustainability objectives. The results of this analysis underscore the importance of integrated long-term planning approaches for Saudi Arabia's electricity and freshwater supply systems.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05852
PubMed: 26807884
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Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Djilali, Ned" sort="Djilali, Ned" uniqKey="Djilali N" first="Ned" last="Djilali">Ned Djilali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krey, Volker" sort="Krey, Volker" uniqKey="Krey V" first="Volker" last="Krey">Volker Krey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fricko, Oliver" sort="Fricko, Oliver" uniqKey="Fricko O" first="Oliver" last="Fricko">Oliver Fricko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Nils" sort="Johnson, Nils" uniqKey="Johnson N" first="Nils" last="Johnson">Nils Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Zarrar" sort="Khan, Zarrar" uniqKey="Khan Z" first="Zarrar" last="Khan">Zarrar Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas , Madrid 28015, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sedraoui, Khaled" sort="Sedraoui, Khaled" uniqKey="Sedraoui K" first="Khaled" last="Sedraoui">Khaled Sedraoui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasoud, Abdulrahman H" sort="Almasoud, Abdulrahman H" uniqKey="Almasoud A" first="Abdulrahman H" last="Almasoud">Abdulrahman H. Almasoud</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26807884</idno><idno type="pmid">26807884</idno><idno type="doi">10.1021/acs.est.5b05852</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000294</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000294</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia's Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy.</title><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, Simon C" sort="Parkinson, Simon C" uniqKey="Parkinson S" first="Simon C" last="Parkinson">Simon C. Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Djilali, Ned" sort="Djilali, Ned" uniqKey="Djilali N" first="Ned" last="Djilali">Ned Djilali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krey, Volker" sort="Krey, Volker" uniqKey="Krey V" first="Volker" last="Krey">Volker Krey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fricko, Oliver" sort="Fricko, Oliver" uniqKey="Fricko O" first="Oliver" last="Fricko">Oliver Fricko</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Nils" sort="Johnson, Nils" uniqKey="Johnson N" first="Nils" last="Johnson">Nils Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, Zarrar" sort="Khan, Zarrar" uniqKey="Khan Z" first="Zarrar" last="Khan">Zarrar Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas , Madrid 28015, Spain.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sedraoui, Khaled" sort="Sedraoui, Khaled" uniqKey="Sedraoui K" first="Khaled" last="Sedraoui">Khaled Sedraoui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Almasoud, Abdulrahman H" sort="Almasoud, Abdulrahman H" uniqKey="Almasoud A" first="Abdulrahman H" last="Almasoud">Abdulrahman H. Almasoud</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental science & technology</title><idno type="eISSN">1520-5851</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Electricity</term><term>Fossil Fuels</term><term>Fresh Water</term><term>Groundwater</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Recycling</term><term>Saudi Arabia</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>Fossil Fuels</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Electricity</term><term>Fresh Water</term><term>Groundwater</term><term>Models, Theoretical</term><term>Recycling</term><term>Saudi Arabia</term><term>Socioeconomic Factors</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Balancing groundwater depletion, socioeconomic development and food security in Saudi Arabia will require policy that promotes expansion of unconventional freshwater supply options, such as wastewater recycling and desalination. As these processes consume more electricity than conventional freshwater supply technologies, Saudi Arabia's electricity system is vulnerable to groundwater conservation policy. This paper examines strategies for adapting to long-term groundwater constraints in Saudi Arabia's freshwater and electricity supply sectors with an integrated modeling framework. The approach combines electricity and freshwater supply planning models across provinces to provide an improved representation of coupled infrastructure systems. The tool is applied to study the interaction between policy aimed at a complete phase-out of nonrenewable groundwater extraction and concurrent policy aimed at achieving deep reductions in electricity sector carbon emissions. We find that transitioning away from nonrenewable groundwater use by the year 2050 could increase electricity demand by more than 40% relative to 2010 conditions, and require investments similar to strategies aimed at transitioning away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector. Higher electricity demands under groundwater constraints reduce flexibility of supply side options in the electricity sector to limit carbon emissions, making it more expensive to fulfill climate sustainability objectives. The results of this analysis underscore the importance of integrated long-term planning approaches for Saudi Arabia's electricity and freshwater supply systems.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26807884</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>30</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1520-5851</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>50</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Feb</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Environmental science & technology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Environ. Sci. Technol.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Impacts of Groundwater Constraints on Saudi Arabia's Low-Carbon Electricity Supply Strategy.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1653-62</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1021/acs.est.5b05852</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Balancing groundwater depletion, socioeconomic development and food security in Saudi Arabia will require policy that promotes expansion of unconventional freshwater supply options, such as wastewater recycling and desalination. As these processes consume more electricity than conventional freshwater supply technologies, Saudi Arabia's electricity system is vulnerable to groundwater conservation policy. This paper examines strategies for adapting to long-term groundwater constraints in Saudi Arabia's freshwater and electricity supply sectors with an integrated modeling framework. The approach combines electricity and freshwater supply planning models across provinces to provide an improved representation of coupled infrastructure systems. The tool is applied to study the interaction between policy aimed at a complete phase-out of nonrenewable groundwater extraction and concurrent policy aimed at achieving deep reductions in electricity sector carbon emissions. We find that transitioning away from nonrenewable groundwater use by the year 2050 could increase electricity demand by more than 40% relative to 2010 conditions, and require investments similar to strategies aimed at transitioning away from fossil fuels in the electricity sector. Higher electricity demands under groundwater constraints reduce flexibility of supply side options in the electricity sector to limit carbon emissions, making it more expensive to fulfill climate sustainability objectives. The results of this analysis underscore the importance of integrated long-term planning approaches for Saudi Arabia's electricity and freshwater supply systems.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parkinson</LastName><ForeName>Simon C</ForeName><Initials>SC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Djilali</LastName><ForeName>Ned</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria , Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krey</LastName><ForeName>Volker</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fricko</LastName><ForeName>Oliver</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Johnson</LastName><ForeName>Nils</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Energy Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis , A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Khan</LastName><ForeName>Zarrar</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Research in Technology, Universidad Pontificia Comillas , Madrid 28015, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sedraoui</LastName><ForeName>Khaled</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Almasoud</LastName><ForeName>Abdulrahman H</ForeName><Initials>AH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2016</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>04</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Environ Sci Technol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0213155</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0013-936X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005579">Fossil Fuels</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004560" MajorTopicYN="Y">Electricity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005579" MajorTopicYN="N">Fossil Fuels</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005618" MajorTopicYN="N">Fresh Water</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060587" MajorTopicYN="Y">Groundwater</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008962" MajorTopicYN="N">Models, Theoretical</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D059027" MajorTopicYN="N">Recycling</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012529" MajorTopicYN="N">Saudi Arabia</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012959" MajorTopicYN="N">Socioeconomic Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>1</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>10</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26807884</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1021/acs.est.5b05852</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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