The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations.
Identifieur interne : 000246 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000245; suivant : 000247The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations.
Auteurs : Anita Bandrowski ; Ryan Brinkman ; Mathias Brochhausen ; Matthew H. Brush ; Bill Bug ; Marcus C. Chibucos ; Kevin Clancy ; Mélanie Courtot ; Dirk Derom ; Michel Dumontier ; Liju Fan ; Jennifer Fostel ; Gilberto Fragoso ; Frank Gibson ; Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran ; Melissa A. Haendel ; Yongqun He ; Mervi Heiskanen ; Tina Hernandez-Boussard ; Mark Jensen ; Yu Lin ; Allyson L. Lister ; Phillip Lord ; James Malone ; Elisabetta Manduchi ; Monnie Mcgee ; Norman Morrison ; James A. Overton ; Helen Parkinson ; Bjoern Peters ; Philippe Rocca-Serra ; Alan Ruttenberg ; Susanna-Assunta Sansone ; Richard H. Scheuermann ; Daniel Schober ; Barry Smith ; Larisa N. Soldatova ; Christian J. Stoeckert ; Chris F. Taylor ; Carlo Torniai ; Jessica A. Turner ; Randi Vita ; Patricia L. Whetzel ; Jie ZhengSource :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- organization & administration : Biological Ontologies.
- statistics & numerical data : Biological Ontologies.
- trends : Biological Ontologies.
- Animals, Computational Biology, Databases, Factual, Humans, Internet, Metadata, Semantics, Software.
Abstract
The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource (http://obi-ontology.org) providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. The current release of OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154556
PubMed: 27128319
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pubmed:27128319Le document en format XML
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Brush</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bug, Bill" sort="Bug, Bill" uniqKey="Bug B" first="Bill" last="Bug">Bill Bug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chibucos, Marcus C" sort="Chibucos, Marcus C" uniqKey="Chibucos M" first="Marcus C" last="Chibucos">Marcus C. Chibucos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clancy, Kevin" sort="Clancy, Kevin" uniqKey="Clancy K" first="Kevin" last="Clancy">Kevin Clancy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courtot, Melanie" sort="Courtot, Melanie" uniqKey="Courtot M" first="Mélanie" last="Courtot">Mélanie Courtot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derom, Dirk" sort="Derom, Dirk" uniqKey="Derom D" first="Dirk" last="Derom">Dirk Derom</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumontier, Michel" sort="Dumontier, Michel" uniqKey="Dumontier M" first="Michel" last="Dumontier">Michel Dumontier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Liju" sort="Fan, Liju" uniqKey="Fan L" first="Liju" last="Fan">Liju Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ontology Workshop, LLC, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fostel, Jennifer" sort="Fostel, Jennifer" uniqKey="Fostel J" first="Jennifer" last="Fostel">Jennifer Fostel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fragoso, Gilberto" sort="Fragoso, Gilberto" uniqKey="Fragoso G" first="Gilberto" last="Fragoso">Gilberto Fragoso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Frank" sort="Gibson, Frank" uniqKey="Gibson F" first="Frank" last="Gibson">Frank Gibson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Beltran, Alejandra" sort="Gonzalez Beltran, Alejandra" uniqKey="Gonzalez Beltran A" first="Alejandra" last="Gonzalez-Beltran">Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haendel, Melissa A" sort="Haendel, Melissa A" uniqKey="Haendel M" first="Melissa A" last="Haendel">Melissa A. Haendel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Yongqun" sort="He, Yongqun" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yongqun" last="He">Yongqun He</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heiskanen, Mervi" sort="Heiskanen, Mervi" uniqKey="Heiskanen M" first="Mervi" last="Heiskanen">Mervi Heiskanen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez Boussard, Tina" sort="Hernandez Boussard, Tina" uniqKey="Hernandez Boussard T" first="Tina" last="Hernandez-Boussard">Tina Hernandez-Boussard</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Mark" sort="Jensen, Mark" uniqKey="Jensen M" first="Mark" last="Jensen">Mark Jensen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Yu" sort="Lin, Yu" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yu" last="Lin">Yu Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lister, Allyson L" sort="Lister, Allyson L" uniqKey="Lister A" first="Allyson L" last="Lister">Allyson L. Lister</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lord, Phillip" sort="Lord, Phillip" uniqKey="Lord P" first="Phillip" last="Lord">Phillip Lord</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malone, James" sort="Malone, James" uniqKey="Malone J" first="James" last="Malone">James Malone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manduchi, Elisabetta" sort="Manduchi, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Manduchi E" first="Elisabetta" last="Manduchi">Elisabetta Manduchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgee, Monnie" sort="Mcgee, Monnie" uniqKey="Mcgee M" first="Monnie" last="Mcgee">Monnie Mcgee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Norman" sort="Morrison, Norman" uniqKey="Morrison N" first="Norman" last="Morrison">Norman Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overton, James A" sort="Overton, James A" uniqKey="Overton J" first="James A" last="Overton">James A. Overton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, Helen" sort="Parkinson, Helen" uniqKey="Parkinson H" first="Helen" last="Parkinson">Helen Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Bjoern" sort="Peters, Bjoern" uniqKey="Peters B" first="Bjoern" last="Peters">Bjoern Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rocca Serra, Philippe" sort="Rocca Serra, Philippe" uniqKey="Rocca Serra P" first="Philippe" last="Rocca-Serra">Philippe Rocca-Serra</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruttenberg, Alan" sort="Ruttenberg, Alan" uniqKey="Ruttenberg A" first="Alan" last="Ruttenberg">Alan Ruttenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" sort="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" uniqKey="Sansone S" first="Susanna-Assunta" last="Sansone">Susanna-Assunta Sansone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheuermann, Richard H" sort="Scheuermann, Richard H" uniqKey="Scheuermann R" first="Richard H" last="Scheuermann">Richard H. Scheuermann</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schober, Daniel" sort="Schober, Daniel" uniqKey="Schober D" first="Daniel" last="Schober">Daniel Schober</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Barry" sort="Smith, Barry" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Barry" last="Smith">Barry Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soldatova, Larisa N" sort="Soldatova, Larisa N" uniqKey="Soldatova L" first="Larisa N" last="Soldatova">Larisa N. Soldatova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoeckert, Christian J" sort="Stoeckert, Christian J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C" first="Christian J" last="Stoeckert">Christian J. Stoeckert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Chris F" sort="Taylor, Chris F" uniqKey="Taylor C" first="Chris F" last="Taylor">Chris F. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torniai, Carlo" sort="Torniai, Carlo" uniqKey="Torniai C" first="Carlo" last="Torniai">Carlo Torniai</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jessica A" sort="Turner, Jessica A" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Jessica A" last="Turner">Jessica A. Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vita, Randi" sort="Vita, Randi" uniqKey="Vita R" first="Randi" last="Vita">Randi Vita</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whetzel, Patricia L" sort="Whetzel, Patricia L" uniqKey="Whetzel P" first="Patricia L" last="Whetzel">Patricia L. Whetzel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Jie" sort="Zheng, Jie" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jie" last="Zheng">Jie Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27128319</idno><idno type="pmid">27128319</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0154556</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000246</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000246</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations.</title><author><name sortKey="Bandrowski, Anita" sort="Bandrowski, Anita" uniqKey="Bandrowski A" first="Anita" last="Bandrowski">Anita Bandrowski</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brinkman, Ryan" sort="Brinkman, Ryan" uniqKey="Brinkman R" first="Ryan" last="Brinkman">Ryan Brinkman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brochhausen, Mathias" sort="Brochhausen, Mathias" uniqKey="Brochhausen M" first="Mathias" last="Brochhausen">Mathias Brochhausen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brush, Matthew H" sort="Brush, Matthew H" uniqKey="Brush M" first="Matthew H" last="Brush">Matthew H. Brush</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bug, Bill" sort="Bug, Bill" uniqKey="Bug B" first="Bill" last="Bug">Bill Bug</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chibucos, Marcus C" sort="Chibucos, Marcus C" uniqKey="Chibucos M" first="Marcus C" last="Chibucos">Marcus C. Chibucos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clancy, Kevin" sort="Clancy, Kevin" uniqKey="Clancy K" first="Kevin" last="Clancy">Kevin Clancy</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courtot, Melanie" sort="Courtot, Melanie" uniqKey="Courtot M" first="Mélanie" last="Courtot">Mélanie Courtot</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derom, Dirk" sort="Derom, Dirk" uniqKey="Derom D" first="Dirk" last="Derom">Dirk Derom</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dumontier, Michel" sort="Dumontier, Michel" uniqKey="Dumontier M" first="Michel" last="Dumontier">Michel Dumontier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Liju" sort="Fan, Liju" uniqKey="Fan L" first="Liju" last="Fan">Liju Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Ontology Workshop, LLC, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fostel, Jennifer" sort="Fostel, Jennifer" uniqKey="Fostel J" first="Jennifer" last="Fostel">Jennifer Fostel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fragoso, Gilberto" sort="Fragoso, Gilberto" uniqKey="Fragoso G" first="Gilberto" last="Fragoso">Gilberto Fragoso</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, Frank" sort="Gibson, Frank" uniqKey="Gibson F" first="Frank" last="Gibson">Frank Gibson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Beltran, Alejandra" sort="Gonzalez Beltran, Alejandra" uniqKey="Gonzalez Beltran A" first="Alejandra" last="Gonzalez-Beltran">Alejandra Gonzalez-Beltran</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haendel, Melissa A" sort="Haendel, Melissa A" uniqKey="Haendel M" first="Melissa A" last="Haendel">Melissa A. Haendel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Yongqun" sort="He, Yongqun" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yongqun" last="He">Yongqun He</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heiskanen, Mervi" sort="Heiskanen, Mervi" uniqKey="Heiskanen M" first="Mervi" last="Heiskanen">Mervi Heiskanen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hernandez Boussard, Tina" sort="Hernandez Boussard, Tina" uniqKey="Hernandez Boussard T" first="Tina" last="Hernandez-Boussard">Tina Hernandez-Boussard</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jensen, Mark" sort="Jensen, Mark" uniqKey="Jensen M" first="Mark" last="Jensen">Mark Jensen</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Yu" sort="Lin, Yu" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yu" last="Lin">Yu Lin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lister, Allyson L" sort="Lister, Allyson L" uniqKey="Lister A" first="Allyson L" last="Lister">Allyson L. Lister</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lord, Phillip" sort="Lord, Phillip" uniqKey="Lord P" first="Phillip" last="Lord">Phillip Lord</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malone, James" sort="Malone, James" uniqKey="Malone J" first="James" last="Malone">James Malone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manduchi, Elisabetta" sort="Manduchi, Elisabetta" uniqKey="Manduchi E" first="Elisabetta" last="Manduchi">Elisabetta Manduchi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgee, Monnie" sort="Mcgee, Monnie" uniqKey="Mcgee M" first="Monnie" last="Mcgee">Monnie Mcgee</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrison, Norman" sort="Morrison, Norman" uniqKey="Morrison N" first="Norman" last="Morrison">Norman Morrison</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Overton, James A" sort="Overton, James A" uniqKey="Overton J" first="James A" last="Overton">James A. Overton</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, Helen" sort="Parkinson, Helen" uniqKey="Parkinson H" first="Helen" last="Parkinson">Helen Parkinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Bjoern" sort="Peters, Bjoern" uniqKey="Peters B" first="Bjoern" last="Peters">Bjoern Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rocca Serra, Philippe" sort="Rocca Serra, Philippe" uniqKey="Rocca Serra P" first="Philippe" last="Rocca-Serra">Philippe Rocca-Serra</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ruttenberg, Alan" sort="Ruttenberg, Alan" uniqKey="Ruttenberg A" first="Alan" last="Ruttenberg">Alan Ruttenberg</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" sort="Sansone, Susanna Assunta" uniqKey="Sansone S" first="Susanna-Assunta" last="Sansone">Susanna-Assunta Sansone</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheuermann, Richard H" sort="Scheuermann, Richard H" uniqKey="Scheuermann R" first="Richard H" last="Scheuermann">Richard H. Scheuermann</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schober, Daniel" sort="Schober, Daniel" uniqKey="Schober D" first="Daniel" last="Schober">Daniel Schober</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Barry" sort="Smith, Barry" uniqKey="Smith B" first="Barry" last="Smith">Barry Smith</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soldatova, Larisa N" sort="Soldatova, Larisa N" uniqKey="Soldatova L" first="Larisa N" last="Soldatova">Larisa N. Soldatova</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stoeckert, Christian J" sort="Stoeckert, Christian J" uniqKey="Stoeckert C" first="Christian J" last="Stoeckert">Christian J. Stoeckert</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Chris F" sort="Taylor, Chris F" uniqKey="Taylor C" first="Chris F" last="Taylor">Chris F. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torniai, Carlo" sort="Torniai, Carlo" uniqKey="Torniai C" first="Carlo" last="Torniai">Carlo Torniai</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jessica A" sort="Turner, Jessica A" uniqKey="Turner J" first="Jessica A" last="Turner">Jessica A. Turner</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vita, Randi" sort="Vita, Randi" uniqKey="Vita R" first="Randi" last="Vita">Randi Vita</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whetzel, Patricia L" sort="Whetzel, Patricia L" uniqKey="Whetzel P" first="Patricia L" last="Whetzel">Patricia L. Whetzel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Jie" sort="Zheng, Jie" uniqKey="Zheng J" first="Jie" last="Zheng">Jie Zheng</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Ontologies (organization & administration)</term><term>Biological Ontologies (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Biological Ontologies (trends)</term><term>Computational Biology</term><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Humans</term><term>Internet</term><term>Metadata</term><term>Semantics</term><term>Software</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="organization & administration" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Ontologies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Ontologies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="trends" xml:lang="en"><term>Biological Ontologies</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Computational Biology</term><term>Databases, Factual</term><term>Humans</term><term>Internet</term><term>Metadata</term><term>Semantics</term><term>Software</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource (http://obi-ontology.org) providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. The current release of OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27128319</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>12</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>12</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>11</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0154556</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0154556</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) is an ontology that provides terms with precisely defined meanings to describe all aspects of how investigations in the biological and medical domains are conducted. OBI re-uses ontologies that provide a representation of biomedical knowledge from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) project and adds the ability to describe how this knowledge was derived. We here describe the state of OBI and several applications that are using it, such as adding semantic expressivity to existing databases, building data entry forms, and enabling interoperability between knowledge resources. OBI covers all phases of the investigation process, such as planning, execution and reporting. It represents information and material entities that participate in these processes, as well as roles and functions. Prior to OBI, it was not possible to use a single internally consistent resource that could be applied to multiple types of experiments for these applications. OBI has made this possible by creating terms for entities involved in biological and medical investigations and by importing parts of other biomedical ontologies such as GO, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) and Phenotype Attribute and Trait Ontology (PATO) without altering their meaning. OBI is being used in a wide range of projects covering genomics, multi-omics, immunology, and catalogs of services. OBI has also spawned other ontologies (Information Artifact Ontology) and methods for importing parts of ontologies (Minimum information to reference an external ontology term (MIREOT)). The OBI project is an open cross-disciplinary collaborative effort, encompassing multiple research communities from around the globe. To date, OBI has created 2366 classes and 40 relations along with textual and formal definitions. The OBI Consortium maintains a web resource (http://obi-ontology.org) providing details on the people, policies, and issues being addressed in association with OBI. The current release of OBI is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bandrowski</LastName><ForeName>Anita</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brinkman</LastName><ForeName>Ryan</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brochhausen</LastName><ForeName>Mathias</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brush</LastName><ForeName>Matthew H</ForeName><Initials>MH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bug</LastName><ForeName>Bill</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chibucos</LastName><ForeName>Marcus C</ForeName><Initials>MC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Clancy</LastName><ForeName>Kevin</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Courtot</LastName><ForeName>Mélanie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Derom</LastName><ForeName>Dirk</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dumontier</LastName><ForeName>Michel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fan</LastName><ForeName>Liju</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ontology Workshop, LLC, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fostel</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fragoso</LastName><ForeName>Gilberto</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gibson</LastName><ForeName>Frank</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gonzalez-Beltran</LastName><ForeName>Alejandra</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haendel</LastName><ForeName>Melissa A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName><ForeName>Yongqun</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heiskanen</LastName><ForeName>Mervi</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hernandez-Boussard</LastName><ForeName>Tina</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jensen</LastName><ForeName>Mark</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lin</LastName><ForeName>Yu</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lister</LastName><ForeName>Allyson L</ForeName><Initials>AL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lord</LastName><ForeName>Phillip</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Malone</LastName><ForeName>James</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Manduchi</LastName><ForeName>Elisabetta</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>McGee</LastName><ForeName>Monnie</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morrison</LastName><ForeName>Norman</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>The University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Overton</LastName><ForeName>James A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Parkinson</LastName><ForeName>Helen</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peters</LastName><ForeName>Bjoern</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rocca-Serra</LastName><ForeName>Philippe</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruttenberg</LastName><ForeName>Alan</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sansone</LastName><ForeName>Susanna-Assunta</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scheuermann</LastName><ForeName>Richard H</ForeName><Initials>RH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schober</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Smith</LastName><ForeName>Barry</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soldatova</LastName><ForeName>Larisa N</ForeName><Initials>LN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stoeckert</LastName><ForeName>Christian J</ForeName><Initials>CJ</Initials><Suffix>Jr</Suffix><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Taylor</LastName><ForeName>Chris F</ForeName><Initials>CF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torniai</LastName><ForeName>Carlo</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Turner</LastName><ForeName>Jessica A</ForeName><Initials>JA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vita</LastName><ForeName>Randi</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whetzel</LastName><ForeName>Patricia L</ForeName><Initials>PL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zheng</LastName><ForeName>Jie</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM080646</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI081062</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 GM093132</GrantID><Acronym>GM</Acronym><Agency>NIGMS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 DK072473</GrantID><Acronym>DK</Acronym><Agency>NIDDK NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P41 HG003619</GrantID><Acronym>HG</Acronym><Agency>NHGRI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272201400028C</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>HHSN272201200010C</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U19 AI118626</GrantID><Acronym>AI</Acronym><Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. 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administration</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000706" MajorTopicYN="N">statistics & numerical data</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000639" MajorTopicYN="N">trends</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019295" MajorTopicYN="N">Computational Biology</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016208" MajorTopicYN="N">Databases, Factual</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D020407" MajorTopicYN="N">Internet</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000071253" MajorTopicYN="N">Metadata</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012660" MajorTopicYN="N">Semantics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012984" MajorTopicYN="N">Software</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4851331</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year><Month>01</Month><Day>05</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>13</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27128319</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0154556</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-15-55757</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4851331</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce 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