Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities.
Identifieur interne : 000170 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000169; suivant : 000171Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities.
Auteurs : Alberto J. Espay ; Paolo Bonato ; Fatta B. Nahab ; Walter Maetzler ; John M. Dean ; Jochen Klucken ; Bjoern M. Eskofier ; Aristide Merola ; Fay Horak ; Anthony E. Lang ; Ralf Reilmann ; Joe Giuffrida ; Alice Nieuwboer ; Malcolm Horne ; Max A. Little ; Irene Litvan ; Tanya Simuni ; E Ray Dorsey ; Michelle A. Burack ; Ken Kubota ; Anita Kamondi ; Catarina Godinho ; Jean-Francois Daneault ; Georgia Mitsi ; Lothar Krinke ; Jeffery M. Hausdorff ; Bastiaan R. Bloem ; Spyros PapapetropoulosSource :
- Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society [ 1531-8257 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The miniaturization, sophistication, proliferation, and accessibility of technologies are enabling the capture of more and previously inaccessible phenomena in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, more information has not translated into a greater understanding of disease complexity to satisfy diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Challenges include noncompatible technology platforms, the need for wide-scale and long-term deployment of sensor technology (among vulnerable elderly patients in particular), and the gap between the "big data" acquired with sensitive measurement technologies and their limited clinical application. Major opportunities could be realized if new technologies are developed as part of open-source and/or open-hardware platforms that enable multichannel data capture sensitive to the broad range of motor and nonmotor problems that characterize PD and are adaptable into self-adjusting, individualized treatment delivery systems. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology is entrusted to convene engineers, clinicians, researchers, and patients to promote the development of integrated measurement and closed-loop therapeutic systems with high patient adherence that also serve to (1) encourage the adoption of clinico-pathophysiologic phenotyping and early detection of critical disease milestones, (2) enhance the tailoring of symptomatic therapy, (3) improve subgroup targeting of patients for future testing of disease-modifying treatments, and (4) identify objective biomarkers to improve the longitudinal tracking of impairments in clinical care and research. This article summarizes the work carried out by the task force toward identifying challenges and opportunities in the development of technologies with potential for improving the clinical management and the quality of life of individuals with PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
DOI: 10.1002/mds.26642
PubMed: 27125836
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Nahab</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maetzler, Walter" sort="Maetzler, Walter" uniqKey="Maetzler W" first="Walter" last="Maetzler">Walter Maetzler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dean, John M" sort="Dean, John M" uniqKey="Dean J" first="John M" last="Dean">John M. 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Lang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morton and Gloria Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilmann, Ralf" sort="Reilmann, Ralf" uniqKey="Reilmann R" first="Ralf" last="Reilmann">Ralf Reilmann</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George-Huntington-Institute, Muenster, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Joe" sort="Giuffrida, Joe" uniqKey="Giuffrida J" first="Joe" last="Giuffrida">Joe Giuffrida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwboer, Alice" sort="Nieuwboer, Alice" uniqKey="Nieuwboer A" first="Alice" last="Nieuwboer">Alice Nieuwboer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horne, Malcolm" sort="Horne, Malcolm" uniqKey="Horne M" first="Malcolm" last="Horne">Malcolm Horne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Global Kinetics Corporation & Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Little, Max A" sort="Little, Max A" uniqKey="Little M" first="Max A" last="Little">Max A. Little</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvan, Irene" sort="Litvan, Irene" uniqKey="Litvan I" first="Irene" last="Litvan">Irene Litvan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simuni, Tanya" sort="Simuni, Tanya" uniqKey="Simuni T" first="Tanya" last="Simuni">Tanya Simuni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorsey, E Ray" sort="Dorsey, E Ray" uniqKey="Dorsey E" first="E Ray" last="Dorsey">E Ray Dorsey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burack, Michelle A" sort="Burack, Michelle A" uniqKey="Burack M" first="Michelle A" last="Burack">Michelle A. Burack</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kubota, Ken" sort="Kubota, Ken" uniqKey="Kubota K" first="Ken" last="Kubota">Ken Kubota</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York City, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamondi, Anita" sort="Kamondi, Anita" uniqKey="Kamondi A" first="Anita" last="Kamondi">Anita Kamondi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godinho, Catarina" sort="Godinho, Catarina" uniqKey="Godinho C" first="Catarina" last="Godinho">Catarina Godinho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center of Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daneault, Jean Francois" sort="Daneault, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Daneault J" first="Jean-Francois" last="Daneault">Jean-Francois Daneault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitsi, Georgia" sort="Mitsi, Georgia" uniqKey="Mitsi G" first="Georgia" last="Mitsi">Georgia Mitsi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Apptomics LLC, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krinke, Lothar" sort="Krinke, Lothar" uniqKey="Krinke L" first="Lothar" last="Krinke">Lothar Krinke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medtronic Neuromodulation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hausdorff, Jeffery M" sort="Hausdorff, Jeffery M" uniqKey="Hausdorff J" first="Jeffery M" last="Hausdorff">Jeffery M. Hausdorff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloem, Bastiaan R" sort="Bloem, Bastiaan R" uniqKey="Bloem B" first="Bastiaan R" last="Bloem">Bastiaan R. Bloem</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papapetropoulos, Spyros" sort="Papapetropoulos, Spyros" uniqKey="Papapetropoulos S" first="Spyros" last="Papapetropoulos">Spyros Papapetropoulos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27125836</idno><idno type="pmid">27125836</idno><idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.26642</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000170</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000170</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities.</title><author><name sortKey="Espay, Alberto J" sort="Espay, Alberto J" uniqKey="Espay A" first="Alberto J" last="Espay">Alberto J. Espay</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. alberto.espay@uc.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonato, Paolo" sort="Bonato, Paolo" uniqKey="Bonato P" first="Paolo" last="Bonato">Paolo Bonato</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nahab, Fatta B" sort="Nahab, Fatta B" uniqKey="Nahab F" first="Fatta B" last="Nahab">Fatta B. Nahab</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maetzler, Walter" sort="Maetzler, Walter" uniqKey="Maetzler W" first="Walter" last="Maetzler">Walter Maetzler</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dean, John M" sort="Dean, John M" uniqKey="Dean J" first="John M" last="Dean">John M. Dean</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Davis Phinney Foundation for Parkinson's, Boulder, Colorado, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klucken, Jochen" sort="Klucken, Jochen" uniqKey="Klucken J" first="Jochen" last="Klucken">Jochen Klucken</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eskofier, Bjoern M" sort="Eskofier, Bjoern M" uniqKey="Eskofier B" first="Bjoern M" last="Eskofier">Bjoern M. Eskofier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Digital Sports Group, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Merola, Aristide" sort="Merola, Aristide" uniqKey="Merola A" first="Aristide" last="Merola">Aristide Merola</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Città della salute e della scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horak, Fay" sort="Horak, Fay" uniqKey="Horak F" first="Fay" last="Horak">Fay Horak</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland VA Medical System, Portland, Oregon.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E" last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Morton and Gloria Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reilmann, Ralf" sort="Reilmann, Ralf" uniqKey="Reilmann R" first="Ralf" last="Reilmann">Ralf Reilmann</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>George-Huntington-Institute, Muenster, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Joe" sort="Giuffrida, Joe" uniqKey="Giuffrida J" first="Joe" last="Giuffrida">Joe Giuffrida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwboer, Alice" sort="Nieuwboer, Alice" uniqKey="Nieuwboer A" first="Alice" last="Nieuwboer">Alice Nieuwboer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horne, Malcolm" sort="Horne, Malcolm" uniqKey="Horne M" first="Malcolm" last="Horne">Malcolm Horne</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Global Kinetics Corporation & Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Little, Max A" sort="Little, Max A" uniqKey="Little M" first="Max A" last="Little">Max A. Little</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvan, Irene" sort="Litvan, Irene" uniqKey="Litvan I" first="Irene" last="Litvan">Irene Litvan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simuni, Tanya" sort="Simuni, Tanya" uniqKey="Simuni T" first="Tanya" last="Simuni">Tanya Simuni</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dorsey, E Ray" sort="Dorsey, E Ray" uniqKey="Dorsey E" first="E Ray" last="Dorsey">E Ray Dorsey</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burack, Michelle A" sort="Burack, Michelle A" uniqKey="Burack M" first="Michelle A" last="Burack">Michelle A. Burack</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kubota, Ken" sort="Kubota, Ken" uniqKey="Kubota K" first="Ken" last="Kubota">Ken Kubota</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York City, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamondi, Anita" sort="Kamondi, Anita" uniqKey="Kamondi A" first="Anita" last="Kamondi">Anita Kamondi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Godinho, Catarina" sort="Godinho, Catarina" uniqKey="Godinho C" first="Catarina" last="Godinho">Catarina Godinho</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center of Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daneault, Jean Francois" sort="Daneault, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Daneault J" first="Jean-Francois" last="Daneault">Jean-Francois Daneault</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitsi, Georgia" sort="Mitsi, Georgia" uniqKey="Mitsi G" first="Georgia" last="Mitsi">Georgia Mitsi</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Apptomics LLC, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krinke, Lothar" sort="Krinke, Lothar" uniqKey="Krinke L" first="Lothar" last="Krinke">Lothar Krinke</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Medtronic Neuromodulation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hausdorff, Jeffery M" sort="Hausdorff, Jeffery M" uniqKey="Hausdorff J" first="Jeffery M" last="Hausdorff">Jeffery M. Hausdorff</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bloem, Bastiaan R" sort="Bloem, Bastiaan R" uniqKey="Bloem B" first="Bastiaan R" last="Bloem">Bastiaan R. Bloem</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Papapetropoulos, Spyros" sort="Papapetropoulos, Spyros" uniqKey="Papapetropoulos S" first="Spyros" last="Papapetropoulos">Spyros Papapetropoulos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The miniaturization, sophistication, proliferation, and accessibility of technologies are enabling the capture of more and previously inaccessible phenomena in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, more information has not translated into a greater understanding of disease complexity to satisfy diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Challenges include noncompatible technology platforms, the need for wide-scale and long-term deployment of sensor technology (among vulnerable elderly patients in particular), and the gap between the "big data" acquired with sensitive measurement technologies and their limited clinical application. Major opportunities could be realized if new technologies are developed as part of open-source and/or open-hardware platforms that enable multichannel data capture sensitive to the broad range of motor and nonmotor problems that characterize PD and are adaptable into self-adjusting, individualized treatment delivery systems. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology is entrusted to convene engineers, clinicians, researchers, and patients to promote the development of integrated measurement and closed-loop therapeutic systems with high patient adherence that also serve to (1) encourage the adoption of clinico-pathophysiologic phenotyping and early detection of critical disease milestones, (2) enhance the tailoring of symptomatic therapy, (3) improve subgroup targeting of patients for future testing of disease-modifying treatments, and (4) identify objective biomarkers to improve the longitudinal tracking of impairments in clinical care and research. This article summarizes the work carried out by the task force toward identifying challenges and opportunities in the development of technologies with potential for improving the clinical management and the quality of life of individuals with PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27125836</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2016</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCreated><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>24</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1531-8257</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>31</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Mov. Disord.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Technology in Parkinson's disease: Challenges and opportunities.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1272-82</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/mds.26642</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The miniaturization, sophistication, proliferation, and accessibility of technologies are enabling the capture of more and previously inaccessible phenomena in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, more information has not translated into a greater understanding of disease complexity to satisfy diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Challenges include noncompatible technology platforms, the need for wide-scale and long-term deployment of sensor technology (among vulnerable elderly patients in particular), and the gap between the "big data" acquired with sensitive measurement technologies and their limited clinical application. Major opportunities could be realized if new technologies are developed as part of open-source and/or open-hardware platforms that enable multichannel data capture sensitive to the broad range of motor and nonmotor problems that characterize PD and are adaptable into self-adjusting, individualized treatment delivery systems. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology is entrusted to convene engineers, clinicians, researchers, and patients to promote the development of integrated measurement and closed-loop therapeutic systems with high patient adherence that also serve to (1) encourage the adoption of clinico-pathophysiologic phenotyping and early detection of critical disease milestones, (2) enhance the tailoring of symptomatic therapy, (3) improve subgroup targeting of patients for future testing of disease-modifying treatments, and (4) identify objective biomarkers to improve the longitudinal tracking of impairments in clinical care and research. This article summarizes the work carried out by the task force toward identifying challenges and opportunities in the development of technologies with potential for improving the clinical management and the quality of life of individuals with PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Espay</LastName><ForeName>Alberto J</ForeName><Initials>AJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. alberto.espay@uc.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bonato</LastName><ForeName>Paolo</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nahab</LastName><ForeName>Fatta B</ForeName><Initials>FB</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Maetzler</LastName><ForeName>Walter</ForeName><Initials>W</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dean</LastName><ForeName>John M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Davis Phinney Foundation for Parkinson's, Boulder, Colorado, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klucken</LastName><ForeName>Jochen</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eskofier</LastName><ForeName>Bjoern M</ForeName><Initials>BM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Digital Sports Group, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Merola</LastName><ForeName>Aristide</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", Città della salute e della scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horak</LastName><ForeName>Fay</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland VA Medical System, Portland, Oregon.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>APDM, Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lang</LastName><ForeName>Anthony E</ForeName><Initials>AE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Morton and Gloria Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reilmann</LastName><ForeName>Ralf</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>George-Huntington-Institute, Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Giuffrida</LastName><ForeName>Joe</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Great Lakes NeuroTechnologies, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nieuwboer</LastName><ForeName>Alice</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Group, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horne</LastName><ForeName>Malcolm</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Global Kinetics Corporation & Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Little</LastName><ForeName>Max A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Litvan</LastName><ForeName>Irene</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Simuni</LastName><ForeName>Tanya</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dorsey</LastName><ForeName>E Ray</ForeName><Initials>ER</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Burack</LastName><ForeName>Michelle A</ForeName><Initials>MA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kubota</LastName><ForeName>Ken</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York City, New York, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kamondi</LastName><ForeName>Anita</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Godinho</LastName><ForeName>Catarina</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center of Interdisciplinary Research Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Daneault</LastName><ForeName>Jean-Francois</ForeName><Initials>JF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mitsi</LastName><ForeName>Georgia</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Apptomics LLC, Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Krinke</LastName><ForeName>Lothar</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Medtronic Neuromodulation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hausdorff</LastName><ForeName>Jeffery M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University and Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition, and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bloem</LastName><ForeName>Bastiaan R</ForeName><Initials>BR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Papapetropoulos</LastName><ForeName>Spyros</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Movement Disorders Society Task Force on Technology</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>P50 AG005131</GrantID><Acronym>AG</Acronym><Agency>NIA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>K23 MH092735</GrantID><Acronym>MH</Acronym><Agency>NIMH NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P20 NS092529</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U01 NS086659</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>T35 HL007491</GrantID><Acronym>HL</Acronym><Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>UL1 TR000460</GrantID><Acronym>TR</Acronym><Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>U54 NS092089</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 NS073683</GrantID><Acronym>NS</Acronym><Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>KL2 TR000095</GrantID><Acronym>TR</Acronym><Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType 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article.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>23</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>15</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2016</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>18</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pmc-release"><Year>2017</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>01</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>30</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27125836</ArticleId><ArticleId 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