Analysis of fractal electrodes for efficient neural stimulation
Identifieur interne : 000977 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000976; suivant : 000978Analysis of fractal electrodes for efficient neural stimulation
Auteurs : Laleh Golestanirad [Canada, Suisse] ; Behzad Elahi [Canada] ; Alberto Molina [Suisse] ; Juan R. Mosig [Suisse] ; Claudio Pollo [Suisse] ; Robert Chen [Canada] ; Simon J. Graham [Canada]Source :
- Frontiers in Neuroengineering [ 1662-6443 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Planar electrodes are increasingly used in therapeutic neural stimulation techniques such as functional electrical stimulation, epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS), and cortical stimulation. Recently, optimized electrode geometries have been shown to increase the efficiency of neural stimulation by increasing the variation of current density on the electrode surface. In the present work, a new family of modified fractal electrode geometries is developed to enhance the efficiency of neural stimulation. It is shown that a promising approach in increasing the neural activation function is to increase the “edginess” of the electrode surface, a concept that is explained and quantified by fractal mathematics. Rigorous finite element simulations were performed to compute electric potential produced by proposed modified fractal geometries. The activation of 256 model axons positioned around the electrodes was then quantified, showing that modified fractal geometries required a 22% less input power while maintaining the same level of neural activation. Preliminary
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fneng.2013.00003
PubMed: 23874290
PubMed Central: 3709379
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Mosig</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</institution><country>Lausanne, Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollo, Claudio" sort="Pollo, Claudio" uniqKey="Pollo C" first="Claudio" last="Pollo">Claudio Pollo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bern</institution><country>Bern, Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Robert" sort="Chen, Robert" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Robert" last="Chen">Robert Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graham, Simon J" sort="Graham, Simon J" uniqKey="Graham S" first="Simon J." last="Graham">Simon J. Graham</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Neuroengineering</title><idno type="eISSN">1662-6443</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Planar electrodes are increasingly used in therapeutic neural stimulation techniques such as functional electrical stimulation, epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS), and cortical stimulation. Recently, optimized electrode geometries have been shown to increase the efficiency of neural stimulation by increasing the variation of current density on the electrode surface. In the present work, a new family of modified fractal electrode geometries is developed to enhance the efficiency of neural stimulation. It is shown that a promising approach in increasing the neural activation function is to increase the “edginess” of the electrode surface, a concept that is explained and quantified by fractal mathematics. Rigorous finite element simulations were performed to compute electric potential produced by proposed modified fractal geometries. The activation of 256 model axons positioned around the electrodes was then quantified, showing that modified fractal geometries required a 22% less input power while maintaining the same level of neural activation. Preliminary <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments investigating muscle evoked potentials due to median nerve stimulation showed encouraging results, supporting the feasibility of increasing neural stimulation efficiency using modified fractal geometries.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butson, C R" uniqKey="Butson C">C. R. Butson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maks, C B" uniqKey="Maks C">C. B. Maks</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintyre, C C" uniqKey="Mcintyre C">C. C. McIntyre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Butson, C R" uniqKey="Butson C">C. R. Butson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcintyre, C C" uniqKey="Mcintyre C">C. C. McIntyre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Canavero, S" uniqKey="Canavero S">S. Canavero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paolotti, R" uniqKey="Paolotti R">R. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Neuroeng</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Neuroeng</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Neuroeng.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Neuroengineering</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1662-6443</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23874290</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3709379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fneng.2013.00003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Neuroscience</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research Article</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Analysis of fractal electrodes for efficient neural stimulation</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golestanirad</surname><given-names>Laleh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elahi</surname><given-names>Behzad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Molina</surname><given-names>Alberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mosig</surname><given-names>Juan R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pollo</surname><given-names>Claudio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>Simon J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>Department of Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup><institution>Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Electrical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne</institution><country>Lausanne, Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup><institution>Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Research Institute, University of Toronto</institution><country>Toronto, Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>5</sup><institution>Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Bern</institution><country>Bern, Switzerland</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Fabio Benfenati, University of Genoa, Italy</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Marc O. Heuschkel, Qwane Biosciences SA, Switzerland; Danilo E. De Rossi, University of Pisa, Italy</p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Laleh Golestanirad, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, S605 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">l.golestani@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>7</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>3</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>06</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Golestanirad, Elahi, Molina, Mosig, Pollo, Chen and Graham.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Planar electrodes are increasingly used in therapeutic neural stimulation techniques such as functional electrical stimulation, epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS), and cortical stimulation. Recently, optimized electrode geometries have been shown to increase the efficiency of neural stimulation by increasing the variation of current density on the electrode surface. In the present work, a new family of modified fractal electrode geometries is developed to enhance the efficiency of neural stimulation. It is shown that a promising approach in increasing the neural activation function is to increase the “edginess” of the electrode surface, a concept that is explained and quantified by fractal mathematics. Rigorous finite element simulations were performed to compute electric potential produced by proposed modified fractal geometries. The activation of 256 model axons positioned around the electrodes was then quantified, showing that modified fractal geometries required a 22% less input power while maintaining the same level of neural activation. Preliminary <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments investigating muscle evoked potentials due to median nerve stimulation showed encouraging results, supporting the feasibility of increasing neural stimulation efficiency using modified fractal geometries.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>neural stimulation</kwd><kwd>fractal geometry</kwd><kwd>electrodes</kwd><kwd>epidural spinal cord stimulation</kwd><kwd>cortical stimulation</kwd><kwd>deep brain stimulation (DBS)</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="13"></fig-count><table-count count="0"></table-count><equation-count count="5"></equation-count><ref-count count="42"></ref-count><page-count count="10"></page-count><word-count count="5719"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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