Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease
Identifieur interne : 000387 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000386; suivant : 000388Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease
Auteurs : Bubblepreet K. Randhawa [Canada] ; Becky G. Farley [États-Unis] ; Lara A. Boyd [Canada]Source :
- Parkinson's Disease [ 2090-8083 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2013/751925
PubMed: 23841021
PubMed Central: 3681307
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000387
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3681307Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease</title>
<author><name sortKey="Randhawa, Bubblepreet K" sort="Randhawa, Bubblepreet K" uniqKey="Randhawa B" first="Bubblepreet K." last="Randhawa">Bubblepreet K. Randhawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farley, Becky G" sort="Farley, Becky G" uniqKey="Farley B" first="Becky G." last="Farley">Becky G. Farley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, McKale Center 229C, P.O. Box 210096, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, McKale Center 229C, P.O. Box 210096, Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boyd, Lara A" sort="Boyd, Lara A" uniqKey="Boyd L" first="Lara A." last="Boyd">Lara A. Boyd</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23841021</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3681307</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3681307</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3681307</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1155/2013/751925</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000387</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000387</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000387</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000387</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease</title>
<author><name sortKey="Randhawa, Bubblepreet K" sort="Randhawa, Bubblepreet K" uniqKey="Randhawa B" first="Bubblepreet K." last="Randhawa">Bubblepreet K. Randhawa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farley, Becky G" sort="Farley, Becky G" uniqKey="Farley B" first="Becky G." last="Farley">Becky G. Farley</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, McKale Center 229C, P.O. Box 210096, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, McKale Center 229C, P.O. Box 210096, Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boyd, Lara A" sort="Boyd, Lara A" uniqKey="Boyd L" first="Lara A." last="Boyd">Lara A. Boyd</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</nlm:aff>
<country>Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Parkinson's Disease</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2090-8083</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2042-0080</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Background</italic>
. Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by hypometric movements resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD leads to decreased activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA); the net result of these changes is a poverty of movement. The present study determined the impact of 5 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the SMA on a fine motor movement, handwriting (writing cursive “l”s), and on cortical excitability, in individuals with PD. <italic>Methods</italic>
. In a cross-over design, ten individuals with PD were randomized to receive either 5 Hz or control stimulation over the SMA. Immediately following brain stimulation right handed writing was assessed. <italic>Results</italic>
. 5 Hz stimulation increased vertical size of handwriting and diminished axial pressure. In addition, 5 Hz rTMS significantly decreased the threshold for excitability in the primary motor cortex. <italic>Conclusions</italic>
. These data suggest that in the short term 5 Hz rTMS benefits functional fine motor task performance, perhaps by altering cortical excitability across a network of brain regions. Further, these data may provide the foundation for a larger investigation of the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation over the SMA in individuals with PD.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teulings, Hl" uniqKey="Teulings H">HL Teulings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Flash, T" uniqKey="Flash T">T Flash</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henis, E" uniqKey="Henis E">E Henis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inzelberg, R" uniqKey="Inzelberg R">R Inzelberg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Korczyn, Ad" uniqKey="Korczyn A">AD Korczyn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Longstaff, Mg" uniqKey="Longstaff M">MG Longstaff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahant, Pr" uniqKey="Mahant P">PR Mahant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stacy, Ma" uniqKey="Stacy M">MA Stacy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Gemmert, Awa" uniqKey="Van Gemmert A">AWA Van Gemmert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leis, Bc" uniqKey="Leis B">BC Leis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Gemmert, Awa" uniqKey="Van Gemmert A">AWA Van Gemmert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teulings, Hl" uniqKey="Teulings H">HL Teulings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tucha, O" uniqKey="Tucha O">O Tucha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mecklinger, L" uniqKey="Mecklinger L">L Mecklinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thome, J" uniqKey="Thome J">J Thome</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Desmurget, M" uniqKey="Desmurget M">M Desmurget</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grafton, St" uniqKey="Grafton S">ST Grafton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vindras, P" uniqKey="Vindras P">P Vindras</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grea, H" uniqKey="Grea H">H Gréa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Rs" uniqKey="Turner R">RS Turner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Contreras Vidal, Jl" uniqKey="Contreras Vidal J">JL Contreras-Vidal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Eckert, T" uniqKey="Eckert T">T Eckert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peschel, T" uniqKey="Peschel T">T Peschel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heinze, Hj" uniqKey="Heinze H">HJ Heinze</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rotte, M" uniqKey="Rotte M">M Rotte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buhmann, C" uniqKey="Buhmann C">C Buhmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glauche, V" uniqKey="Glauche V">V Glauche</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sturenburg, Hj" uniqKey="Sturenburg H">HJ Stürenburg</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oechsner, M" uniqKey="Oechsner M">M Oechsner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiller, C" uniqKey="Weiller C">C Weiller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buchel, C" uniqKey="Buchel C">C Büchel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ceballos Baumann, Ao" uniqKey="Ceballos Baumann A">AO Ceballos-Baumann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boecker, H" uniqKey="Boecker H">H Boecker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bartenstein, P" uniqKey="Bartenstein P">P Bartenstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haslinger, B" uniqKey="Haslinger B">B Haslinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Erhard, P" uniqKey="Erhard P">P Erhard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="K Mpfe, N" uniqKey="K Mpfe N">N Kämpfe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jahanshahi, M" uniqKey="Jahanshahi M">M Jahanshahi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Ih" uniqKey="Jenkins I">IH Jenkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Rg" uniqKey="Brown R">RG Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marsden, Cd" uniqKey="Marsden C">CD Marsden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Passingham, Re" uniqKey="Passingham R">RE Passingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, Dj" uniqKey="Brooks D">DJ Brooks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Ih" uniqKey="Jenkins I">IH Jenkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fernandez, W" uniqKey="Fernandez W">W Fernandez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Playford, Ed" uniqKey="Playford E">ED Playford</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Playford, Ed" uniqKey="Playford E">ED Playford</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, Ih" uniqKey="Jenkins I">IH Jenkins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Passingham, Re" uniqKey="Passingham R">RE Passingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nutt, J" uniqKey="Nutt J">J Nutt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frackowiak, Rsj" uniqKey="Frackowiak R">RSJ Frackowiak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brooks, Dj" uniqKey="Brooks D">DJ Brooks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rascol, O" uniqKey="Rascol O">O Rascol</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sabatini, U" uniqKey="Sabatini U">U Sabatini</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chollet, F" uniqKey="Chollet F">F Chollet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hamada, M" uniqKey="Hamada M">M Hamada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ugawa, Y" uniqKey="Ugawa Y">Y Ugawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tsuji, S" uniqKey="Tsuji S">S Tsuji</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanji, J" uniqKey="Tanji J">J Tanji</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taniguchi, K" uniqKey="Taniguchi K">K Taniguchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saga, T" uniqKey="Saga T">T Saga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Gemmert, Awa" uniqKey="Van Gemmert A">AWA Van Gemmert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teulings, Hl" uniqKey="Teulings H">HL Teulings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Contreras Vidal, Jl" uniqKey="Contreras Vidal J">JL Contreras-Vidal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Ap" uniqKey="Strafella A">AP Strafella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paus, T" uniqKey="Paus T">T Paus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barrett, J" uniqKey="Barrett J">J Barrett</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dagher, A" uniqKey="Dagher A">A Dagher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Ap" uniqKey="Strafella A">AP Strafella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paus, T" uniqKey="Paus T">T Paus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fraraccio, M" uniqKey="Fraraccio M">M Fraraccio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dagher, A" uniqKey="Dagher A">A Dagher</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ji, Yk" uniqKey="Ji Y">YK Ji</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eun, Jc" uniqKey="Eun J">JC Eun</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Won, Yl" uniqKey="Won Y">YL Won</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teulings, Hl" uniqKey="Teulings H">HL Teulings</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Contreras Vidal, Jl" uniqKey="Contreras Vidal J">JL Contreras-Vidal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adler, Ch" uniqKey="Adler C">CH Adler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Picard, N" uniqKey="Picard N">N Picard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Strick, Pl" uniqKey="Strick P">PL Strick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colebatch, Jg" uniqKey="Colebatch J">JG Colebatch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deiber, Mp" uniqKey="Deiber M">MP Deiber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Passingham, Re" uniqKey="Passingham R">RE Passingham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friston, Kj" uniqKey="Friston K">KJ Friston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frackowiak, Rsj" uniqKey="Frackowiak R">RSJ Frackowiak</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wassermann, Em" uniqKey="Wassermann E">EM Wassermann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Gemmert, Awa" uniqKey="Van Gemmert A">AWA Van Gemmert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adler, Ch" uniqKey="Adler C">CH Adler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ge" uniqKey="Stelmach G">GE Stelmach</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Evarts, Ev" uniqKey="Evarts E">EV Evarts</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wise, Sp" uniqKey="Wise S">SP Wise</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Martin, Ke" uniqKey="Martin K">KE Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Jg" uniqKey="Phillips J">JG Phillips</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iansek, R" uniqKey="Iansek R">R Iansek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bradshaw, Jl" uniqKey="Bradshaw J">JL Bradshaw</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nolte, J" uniqKey="Nolte J">J Nolte</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Romo, R" uniqKey="Romo R">R Romo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schultz, W" uniqKey="Schultz W">W Schultz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Elahi, B" uniqKey="Elahi B">B Elahi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elahi, B" uniqKey="Elahi B">B Elahi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, R" uniqKey="Chen R">R Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berardelli, A" uniqKey="Berardelli A">A Berardelli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rothwell, Jc" uniqKey="Rothwell J">JC Rothwell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thompson, Pd" uniqKey="Thompson P">PD Thompson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallett, M" uniqKey="Hallett M">M Hallett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Georgopoulos, Ap" uniqKey="Georgopoulos A">AP Georgopoulos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashe, J" uniqKey="Ashe J">J Ashe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smyrnis, N" uniqKey="Smyrnis N">N Smyrnis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taira, M" uniqKey="Taira M">M Taira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pascual Leone, A" uniqKey="Pascual Leone A">A Pascual-Leone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valls Sole, J" uniqKey="Valls Sole J">J Valls-Sole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wassermann, Em" uniqKey="Wassermann E">EM Wassermann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallett, M" uniqKey="Hallett M">M Hallett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pascual Leone, A" uniqKey="Pascual Leone A">A Pascual-Leone</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Valls Sole, J" uniqKey="Valls Sole J">J Valls-Solé</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brasil Neto, Jp" uniqKey="Brasil Neto J">JP Brasil-Neto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cammarota, A" uniqKey="Cammarota A">A Cammarota</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grafman, J" uniqKey="Grafman J">J Grafman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hallett, M" uniqKey="Hallett M">M Hallett</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Ap" uniqKey="Strafella A">AP Strafella</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ko, Jh" uniqKey="Ko J">JH Ko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Monchi, O" uniqKey="Monchi O">O Monchi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="other"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Parkinsons Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Parkinsons Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Parkinson's Disease</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-8083</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2042-0080</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23841021</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3681307</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2013/751925</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical Study</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Randhawa</surname>
<given-names>Bubblepreet K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Farley</surname>
<given-names>Becky G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boyd</surname>
<given-names>Lara A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, McKale Center 229C, P.O. Box 210096, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</aff>
<aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>
Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, 212-2177 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Lara A. Boyd: <email>boyd.lab@ubc.ca</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Gammon M. Earhart</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2013</volume>
<elocation-id>751925</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>15</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Bubblepreet K. Randhawa et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><italic>Background</italic>
. Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by hypometric movements resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD leads to decreased activation of the supplementary motor area (SMA); the net result of these changes is a poverty of movement. The present study determined the impact of 5 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the SMA on a fine motor movement, handwriting (writing cursive “l”s), and on cortical excitability, in individuals with PD. <italic>Methods</italic>
. In a cross-over design, ten individuals with PD were randomized to receive either 5 Hz or control stimulation over the SMA. Immediately following brain stimulation right handed writing was assessed. <italic>Results</italic>
. 5 Hz stimulation increased vertical size of handwriting and diminished axial pressure. In addition, 5 Hz rTMS significantly decreased the threshold for excitability in the primary motor cortex. <italic>Conclusions</italic>
. These data suggest that in the short term 5 Hz rTMS benefits functional fine motor task performance, perhaps by altering cortical excitability across a network of brain regions. Further, these data may provide the foundation for a larger investigation of the effects of noninvasive brain stimulation over the SMA in individuals with PD.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Stereotaxic system for coil placement. Brainsight was used to locate left SMA (as per Talairach coordinates) and left M1; markers were placed to ensure accuracy of coil placement within and across stimulation sessions.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="PD2013-751925.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>Example of raw data from handwriting task from an individual trial showing a rectangular box of 0.79 by 8 inches; participants were instructed to match the height of their loops to the size of the box.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="PD2013-751925.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>Significant interactions in behavioural data from handwriting task for (a) vertical size, (b) upstroke size, and (c) average pen pressure. Error bars are standard error of the mean (SEM).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="PD2013-751925.003"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Participant Characteristics.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MoCA</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">UPDRS-III</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">H&Y</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DH</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">More affected side </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Disease duration (years)</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Medication (daily dose—mg)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa 100/25 QID <break></break>
Entacapone 200 QID <break></break>
Pramipexole 1 QID </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 200/50 QID <break></break>
Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone 100/25/200 QID <break></break>
Levodopa/Carbidopa 120/25 TID </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa 250 QD <break></break>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 100/25 QID <break></break>
Levodopa/Carbidopa 100/25 BID </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 200-50 TID <break></break>
Rasagiline 1 QD </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L (more axial)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 100/25 QID</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R (more axial)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa 200/50 q5H <break></break>
Pramipexole 1 TID </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R (more axial)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 100/25 q5H <break></break>
Pramipexole 1 TID <break></break>
Rasagiline 0.5 QD </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa 100/25 QID <break></break>
Pramipexole 0.5 QID </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Levodopa/Carbidopa CR 200/50 QID </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>P: participant, Age: years, F: female, M: male, R: right; L: Left, MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, UPDRS-III: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-motor section, H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr's stages, DH: dominant hand, CR: controlled release, QD: one/day, BID: two times/day, TID: three/day, QID: Four/day, q5H: Five/day.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>Average means (SD) before and after rTMS for each group and <italic>P</italic>
values for all segments, upstrokes and downstrokes.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Variable</th>
<th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">All segments</th>
<th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Upstroke</th>
<th align="center" colspan="3" rowspan="1">Downstroke</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 Hz</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
value</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 Hz</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
value</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 Hz</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vertical size (cm)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Before</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.87 (0.09)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.85 (0.12)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.04<sup>∗2</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.88 (0.09)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.87 (0.12)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.01<sup>∗2</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.86 (0.09)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.84 (0.12)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NS</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> After</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.92 (0.10)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.84 (0.16)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.94 (0.09)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.85 (0.17)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.90 (0.12)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.84 (0.16)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peak Vertical velocity (cm/sec)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Before</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.97 (1.72)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.54 (1.08)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.01<sup>∗1</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.41 (1.48)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.11 (1.31)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NS</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.55 (2.07)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.06 (1.38)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.02<sup>∗1</sup>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> After</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.99 (1.90)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.98 (1.62)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.34 (1.89)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.48 (1.62)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.72 (2.06)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.59 (1.86)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Average pen Beforessure</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Before</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">658.94 (209.10)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">546.43 (204.47)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NS</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">675.30 (211.95)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">566.43 (195.68)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.05<sup>∗2</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">642.39 (211.93)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">536.50 (207.25)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">NS</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> After</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">564.64 (154.47)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">550.07 (254.76)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">581.09 (161.34)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">570.02 (254.05)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">543.31 (150.10)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">528.36 (259.84)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>NS: not significant; <sup>∗1</sup>
significant main effect of time; <sup>∗2</sup>
significant session by time interaction.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>Average means (SD) before and after rTMS for each group, and <italic>P</italic>
values for RMT.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Variable</th>
<th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">TMS</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
value</th>
</tr>
<tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Active</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sham</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RMT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Before</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.1 (10.55)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.3 (8.08)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1">0.05*</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.2 (9.14)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.2 (8.59)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p> *Significant SESSION by TIME interaction.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Canada/explor/ParkinsonCanadaV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000387 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000387 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Canada |area= ParkinsonCanadaV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Curation |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3681307 |texte= Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Handwriting in Parkinson's Disease }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23841021" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonCanadaV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |