A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease
Identifieur interne : 000131 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000130; suivant : 000132A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease
Auteurs : Marcello Moccia [Italie] ; Roberto Erro [Royaume-Uni, Italie] ; Marina Picillo [Italie, Canada] ; Gabriella Santangelo [Italie] ; Emanuele Spina [Italie] ; Roberto Allocca [Italie] ; Katia Longo [Italie] ; Marianna Amboni [Italie] ; Raffaele Palladino [Royaume-Uni, Italie] ; Roberta Assante [Italie] ; Sabina Pappatà [Italie] ; Maria Teresa Pellecchia [Italie] ; Paolo Barone [Italie] ; Carmine Vitale [Italie]Source :
- Sleep [ 0161-8105 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) prevalence estimates range from 0% to 52% in Parkinson disease (PD), but the causal relationship between the two disorders is still debated. The present study aims to evaluate RLS prevalence in de novo PD subjects, its incidence during the first 4 years from diagnosis, and possible relationships with clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological data.
One hundred nine newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD subjects were evaluated at the time of PD diagnosis, and after 2- and 4-years. RLS diagnosis was performed with the RLS Diagnostic Index at each visit. Motor features, additional non-motor symptoms (NMS), and concomitant dopaminergic and nondopaminergic treatments were also gathered. Moreover, at baseline, 65 subjects were randomly selected to undergo a FP-CIT SPECT to study dopamine transporter availability.
RLS prevalence rose from 4.6% at baseline evaluation to 6.5% after 2 years and to 16.3% after 4 years (P = 0.007). A multinomial logistic stepwise regression model selected NMS Questionnaire items more likely to be associated with RLS at diagnosis (insomnia, OR = 15.555; P = 0.040) and with occurrence of RLS during follow-up (dizziness, OR = 1.153; P = 0.022; and daytime sleepiness; OR = 9.557; P = 0.001), as compared to patients without RLS. Older age was more likely associated to increased RLS occurrence during follow-up in a random effect logistic regression model (OR = 1.187; P = 0.036). A multinomial logistic stepwise model found increased dopaminergic transporter availability of affected caudate and putamen to be more likely associated with RLS presence at diagnosis (n = 5; OR = 75.711; P = 0.077), and RLS occurrence during follow-up (n = 16; OR = 12.004; P = 0.059), respectively, as compared to patients without RLS (n = 88).
RLS is present since PD diagnosis, and increases in prevalence during the course of PD. PD subjects with RLS have higher age at PD onset, more preserved dopaminergic pathways, and worse sleep and cardiovascular disturbances.
Moccia M, Erro R, Picillo M, Santangelo G, Spina E, Allocca R, Longo K, Amboni M, Palladino R, Assante R, Pappatà S, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Vitale C. A four-year longitudinal study on restless legs syndrome in Parkinson disease.
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DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5452
PubMed: 26564123
PubMed Central: 4712388
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Moccia, Marcello" sort="Moccia, Marcello" uniqKey="Moccia M" first="Marcello" last="Moccia">Marcello Moccia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erro, Roberto" sort="Erro, Roberto" uniqKey="Erro R" first="Roberto" last="Erro">Roberto Erro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Picillo, Marina" sort="Picillo, Marina" uniqKey="Picillo M" first="Marina" last="Picillo">Marina Picillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. 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id="aff11">Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pellecchia, Maria Teresa" sort="Pellecchia, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Pellecchia M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Pellecchia">Maria Teresa Pellecchia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitale, Carmine" sort="Vitale, Carmine" uniqKey="Vitale C" first="Carmine" last="Vitale">Carmine Vitale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, 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id="aff1">Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Erro, Roberto" sort="Erro, Roberto" uniqKey="Erro R" first="Roberto" last="Erro">Roberto Erro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Picillo, Marina" sort="Picillo, Marina" uniqKey="Picillo M" first="Marina" last="Picillo">Marina Picillo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Santangelo, Gabriella" sort="Santangelo, Gabriella" uniqKey="Santangelo G" first="Gabriella" last="Santangelo">Gabriella Santangelo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Second University of Naples, Caserta</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Spina, Emanuele" sort="Spina, Emanuele" uniqKey="Spina E" first="Emanuele" last="Spina">Emanuele Spina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allocca, Roberto" sort="Allocca, Roberto" uniqKey="Allocca R" first="Roberto" last="Allocca">Roberto Allocca</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Longo, Katia" sort="Longo, Katia" uniqKey="Longo K" first="Katia" last="Longo">Katia Longo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amboni, Marianna" sort="Amboni, Marianna" uniqKey="Amboni M" first="Marianna" last="Amboni">Marianna Amboni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palladino, Raffaele" sort="Palladino, Raffaele" uniqKey="Palladino R" first="Raffaele" last="Palladino">Raffaele Palladino</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assante, Roberta" sort="Assante, Roberta" uniqKey="Assante R" first="Roberta" last="Assante">Roberta Assante</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pappata, Sabina" sort="Pappata, Sabina" uniqKey="Pappata S" first="Sabina" last="Pappatà">Sabina Pappatà</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pellecchia, Maria Teresa" sort="Pellecchia, Maria Teresa" uniqKey="Pellecchia M" first="Maria Teresa" last="Pellecchia">Maria Teresa Pellecchia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barone, Paolo" sort="Barone, Paolo" uniqKey="Barone P" first="Paolo" last="Barone">Paolo Barone</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vitale, Carmine" sort="Vitale, Carmine" uniqKey="Vitale C" first="Carmine" last="Vitale">Carmine Vitale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, Naples</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sleep</title><idno type="ISSN">0161-8105</idno><idno type="eISSN">1550-9109</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Study Objectives:</title><p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) prevalence estimates range from 0% to 52% in Parkinson disease (PD), but the causal relationship between the two disorders is still debated. The present study aims to evaluate RLS prevalence in de novo PD subjects, its incidence during the first 4 years from diagnosis, and possible relationships with clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological data.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>One hundred nine newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD subjects were evaluated at the time of PD diagnosis, and after 2- and 4-years. RLS diagnosis was performed with the RLS Diagnostic Index at each visit. Motor features, additional non-motor symptoms (NMS), and concomitant dopaminergic and nondopaminergic treatments were also gathered. Moreover, at baseline, 65 subjects were randomly selected to undergo a FP-CIT SPECT to study dopamine transporter availability.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>RLS prevalence rose from 4.6% at baseline evaluation to 6.5% after 2 years and to 16.3% after 4 years (P = 0.007). A multinomial logistic stepwise regression model selected NMS Questionnaire items more likely to be associated with RLS at diagnosis (insomnia, OR = 15.555; P = 0.040) and with occurrence of RLS during follow-up (dizziness, OR = 1.153; P = 0.022; and daytime sleepiness; OR = 9.557; P = 0.001), as compared to patients without RLS. Older age was more likely associated to increased RLS occurrence during follow-up in a random effect logistic regression model (OR = 1.187; P = 0.036). A multinomial logistic stepwise model found increased dopaminergic transporter availability of affected caudate and putamen to be more likely associated with RLS presence at diagnosis (n = 5; OR = 75.711; P = 0.077), and RLS occurrence during follow-up (n = 16; OR = 12.004; P = 0.059), respectively, as compared to patients without RLS (n = 88).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>RLS is present since PD diagnosis, and increases in prevalence during the course of PD. PD subjects with RLS have higher age at PD onset, more preserved dopaminergic pathways, and worse sleep and cardiovascular disturbances.</p></sec><sec><title>Citation:</title><p>Moccia M, Erro R, Picillo M, Santangelo G, Spina E, Allocca R, Longo K, Amboni M, Palladino R, Assante R, Pappatà S, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Vitale C. A four-year longitudinal study on restless legs syndrome in Parkinson disease. <italic>SLEEP</italic> 2016;39(2):405–412.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sleep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sleep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sleep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Sleep</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0161-8105</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1550-9109</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26564123</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4712388</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">sp-00132-15</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5665/sleep.5452</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Neurological Disorders</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Four-Year Longitudinal Study on Restless Legs Syndrome in Parkinson Disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moccia</surname><given-names>Marcello</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erro</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Picillo</surname><given-names>Marina</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Santangelo</surname><given-names>Gabriella</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spina</surname><given-names>Emanuele</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allocca</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Longo</surname><given-names>Katia</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amboni</surname><given-names>Marianna</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palladino</surname><given-names>Raffaele</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assante</surname><given-names>Roberta</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pappatà</surname><given-names>Sabina</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pellecchia</surname><given-names>Maria Teresa</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barone</surname><given-names>Paolo</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vitale</surname><given-names>Carmine</given-names></name><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>12</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>8</label>Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK</aff><aff id="aff9"><label>9</label>Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="aff10"><label>10</label>Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="aff11"><label>11</label>Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="aff12"><label>12</label>Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Address correspondence to: Prof. Paolo Barone, <addr-line>Center for Neurodegenerative Disease–CEMAND, Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy</addr-line><phone>0039089672328</phone><email>pbarone@unisa.it</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>1</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>39</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>405</fpage><lpage>412</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><month>3</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><month>7</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><month>8</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Study Objectives:</title><p>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) prevalence estimates range from 0% to 52% in Parkinson disease (PD), but the causal relationship between the two disorders is still debated. The present study aims to evaluate RLS prevalence in de novo PD subjects, its incidence during the first 4 years from diagnosis, and possible relationships with clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological data.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>One hundred nine newly diagnosed, drug-naïve PD subjects were evaluated at the time of PD diagnosis, and after 2- and 4-years. RLS diagnosis was performed with the RLS Diagnostic Index at each visit. Motor features, additional non-motor symptoms (NMS), and concomitant dopaminergic and nondopaminergic treatments were also gathered. Moreover, at baseline, 65 subjects were randomly selected to undergo a FP-CIT SPECT to study dopamine transporter availability.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>RLS prevalence rose from 4.6% at baseline evaluation to 6.5% after 2 years and to 16.3% after 4 years (P = 0.007). A multinomial logistic stepwise regression model selected NMS Questionnaire items more likely to be associated with RLS at diagnosis (insomnia, OR = 15.555; P = 0.040) and with occurrence of RLS during follow-up (dizziness, OR = 1.153; P = 0.022; and daytime sleepiness; OR = 9.557; P = 0.001), as compared to patients without RLS. Older age was more likely associated to increased RLS occurrence during follow-up in a random effect logistic regression model (OR = 1.187; P = 0.036). A multinomial logistic stepwise model found increased dopaminergic transporter availability of affected caudate and putamen to be more likely associated with RLS presence at diagnosis (n = 5; OR = 75.711; P = 0.077), and RLS occurrence during follow-up (n = 16; OR = 12.004; P = 0.059), respectively, as compared to patients without RLS (n = 88).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>RLS is present since PD diagnosis, and increases in prevalence during the course of PD. PD subjects with RLS have higher age at PD onset, more preserved dopaminergic pathways, and worse sleep and cardiovascular disturbances.</p></sec><sec><title>Citation:</title><p>Moccia M, Erro R, Picillo M, Santangelo G, Spina E, Allocca R, Longo K, Amboni M, Palladino R, Assante R, Pappatà S, Pellecchia MT, Barone P, Vitale C. A four-year longitudinal study on restless legs syndrome in Parkinson disease. <italic>SLEEP</italic> 2016;39(2):405–412.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Parkinson</kwd><kwd>restless</kwd><kwd>RLS</kwd><kwd>sleep</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd><kwd>DAT</kwd><kwd>SPECT</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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