Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes
Identifieur interne : 000727 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000726; suivant : 000728Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes
Auteurs : Paul A. Northcott ; David Jh Shih ; John Peacock ; Livia Garzia ; Sorana Morrissy ; Thomas Zichner ; Adrian M. Stütz ; Andrey Korshunov ; Juri Reimand ; Steven E. Schumacher ; Rameen Beroukhim ; David W. Ellison ; Christian R. Marshall ; Anath C. Lionel ; Stephen Mack ; Adrian Dubuc ; Yuan Yao ; Vijay Ramaswamy ; Betty Luu ; Adi Rolider ; Florence Cavalli ; Xin Wang ; Marc Remke ; Xiaochong Wu ; Readman Yb Chiu ; Andy Chu ; Eric Chuah ; Richard D. Corbett ; Gemma R. Hoad ; Shaun D. Jackman ; Yisu Li ; Allan Lo ; Karen L. Mungall ; Ka Ming Nip ; Jenny Q. Qian ; Anthony Gj Raymond ; Nina Thiessen ; Richard J. Varhol ; Inanc Birol ; Richard A. Moore ; Andrew J. Mungall ; Robert Holt ; Daisuke Kawauchi ; Martine F. Roussel ; Marcel Kool ; David Tw Jones ; Hendrick Witt ; Africa Fernandez-L ; Anna M. Kenney ; Robert J. Wechsler-Reya ; Peter Dirks ; Tzvi Aviv ; Wieslawa A. Grajkowska ; Marta Perek-Polnik ; Christine C. Haberler ; Olivier Delattre ; Stéphanie S. Reynaud ; François F. Doz ; Sarah S. Pernet-Fattet ; Byung-Kyu Cho ; Seung-Ki Kim ; Kyu-Chang Wang ; Wolfram Scheurlen ; Charles G. Eberhart ; Michelle Fèvre-Montange ; Anne Jouvet ; Ian F. Pollack ; Xing Fan ; Karin M. Muraszko ; G. Yancey Gillespie ; Concezio Di Rocco ; Luca Massimi ; Erna Mc Michiels ; Nanne K. Kloosterhof ; Pim J. French ; Johan M. Kros ; James M. Olson ; Richard G. Ellenbogen ; Karel Zitterbart ; Leos Kren ; Reid C. Thompson ; Michael K. Cooper ; Boleslaw Lach ; Roger E. Mclendon ; Darell D. Bigner ; Adam Fontebasso ; Steffen Albrecht ; Nada Jabado ; Janet C. Lindsey ; Simon Bailey ; Nalin Gupta ; William A. Weiss ; Lászl Bognár ; Almos Klekner ; Timothy E. Van Meter ; Toshihiro Kumabe ; Teiji Tominaga ; Samer K. Elbabaa ; Jeffrey R. Leonard ; Joshua B. Rubin ; Linda M. Liau ; Erwin G. Van Meir ; Maryam Fouladi ; Hideo Nakamura ; Giuseppe Cinalli ; Mikl S Garami ; Peter Hauser ; Ali G. Saad ; Achille Iolascon ; Shin Jung ; Carlos G. Carlotti ; Rajeev Vibhakar ; Young Shin Ra ; Shenandoah Robinson ; Massimo Zollo ; Claudia C. Faria ; Jennifer A. Chan ; Michael L. Levy ; Poul Hb Sorensen ; Matthew Meyerson ; Scott L. Pomeroy ; Yoon-Jae Cho ; Gary D. Bader ; Uri Tabori ; Cynthia E. Hawkins ; Eric Bouffet ; Stephen W. Scherer ; James T. Rutka ; David Malkin ; Steven C. Clifford ; Steven Jm Jones ; Jan O. Korbel ; Stefan M. Pfister ; Marco A. Marra ; Michael D. TaylorSource :
- Nature [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumour, is currently treated with non-specific cytotoxic therapies including surgery, whole brain radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy. As medulloblastoma exhibits marked intertumoural heterogeneity, with at least four distinct molecular variants, prior attempts to identify targets for therapy have been underpowered due to small samples sizes. Here we report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 1087 unique medulloblastomas. SCNAs are common in medulloblastoma, and are predominantly subgroup enriched. The most common region of focal copy number gain is a tandem duplication of the Parkinson’s disease gene
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/nature11327
PubMed: 22832581
PubMed Central: 3683624
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3683624Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes</title><author><name sortKey="Northcott, Paul A" sort="Northcott, Paul A" uniqKey="Northcott P" first="Paul A" last="Northcott">Paul A. Northcott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shih, David Jh" sort="Shih, David Jh" uniqKey="Shih D" first="David Jh" last="Shih">David Jh Shih</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, John" sort="Peacock, John" uniqKey="Peacock J" first="John" last="Peacock">John Peacock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garzia, Livia" sort="Garzia, Livia" uniqKey="Garzia L" first="Livia" last="Garzia">Livia Garzia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrissy, Sorana" sort="Morrissy, Sorana" uniqKey="Morrissy S" first="Sorana" last="Morrissy">Sorana Morrissy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zichner, Thomas" sort="Zichner, Thomas" uniqKey="Zichner T" first="Thomas" last="Zichner">Thomas Zichner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stutz, Adrian M" sort="Stutz, Adrian M" uniqKey="Stutz A" first="Adrian M" last="Stütz">Adrian M. Stütz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korshunov, Andrey" sort="Korshunov, Andrey" uniqKey="Korshunov A" first="Andrey" last="Korshunov">Andrey Korshunov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 220-221, Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reimand, Juri" sort="Reimand, Juri" uniqKey="Reimand J" first="Juri" last="Reimand">Juri Reimand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 602, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Steven E" sort="Schumacher, Steven E" uniqKey="Schumacher S" first="Steven E" last="Schumacher">Steven E. Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beroukhim, Rameen" sort="Beroukhim, Rameen" uniqKey="Beroukhim R" first="Rameen" last="Beroukhim">Rameen Beroukhim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cancer Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Maine, United States, 02142</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison, David W" sort="Ellison, David W" uniqKey="Ellison D" first="David W" last="Ellison">David W. Ellison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Christian R" sort="Marshall, Christian R" uniqKey="Marshall C" first="Christian R" last="Marshall">Christian R. Marshall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lionel, Anath C" sort="Lionel, Anath C" uniqKey="Lionel A" first="Anath C" last="Lionel">Anath C. Lionel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-14-701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mack, Stephen" sort="Mack, Stephen" uniqKey="Mack S" first="Stephen" last="Mack">Stephen Mack</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubuc, Adrian" sort="Dubuc, Adrian" uniqKey="Dubuc A" first="Adrian" last="Dubuc">Adrian Dubuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Yuan" sort="Yao, Yuan" uniqKey="Yao Y" first="Yuan" last="Yao">Yuan Yao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luu, Betty" sort="Luu, Betty" uniqKey="Luu B" first="Betty" last="Luu">Betty Luu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolider, Adi" sort="Rolider, Adi" uniqKey="Rolider A" first="Adi" last="Rolider">Adi Rolider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalli, Florence" sort="Cavalli, Florence" uniqKey="Cavalli F" first="Florence" last="Cavalli">Florence Cavalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remke, Marc" sort="Remke, Marc" uniqKey="Remke M" first="Marc" last="Remke">Marc Remke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xiaochong" sort="Wu, Xiaochong" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xiaochong" last="Wu">Xiaochong Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiu, Readman Yb" sort="Chiu, Readman Yb" uniqKey="Chiu R" first="Readman Yb" last="Chiu">Readman Yb Chiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Andy" sort="Chu, Andy" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Andy" last="Chu">Andy Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chuah, Eric" sort="Chuah, Eric" uniqKey="Chuah E" first="Eric" last="Chuah">Eric Chuah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, Richard D" sort="Corbett, Richard D" uniqKey="Corbett R" first="Richard D" last="Corbett">Richard D. Corbett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoad, Gemma R" sort="Hoad, Gemma R" uniqKey="Hoad G" first="Gemma R" last="Hoad">Gemma R. Hoad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackman, Shaun D" sort="Jackman, Shaun D" uniqKey="Jackman S" first="Shaun D" last="Jackman">Shaun D. Jackman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yisu" sort="Li, Yisu" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yisu" last="Li">Yisu Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Allan" sort="Lo, Allan" uniqKey="Lo A" first="Allan" last="Lo">Allan Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungall, Karen L" sort="Mungall, Karen L" uniqKey="Mungall K" first="Karen L" last="Mungall">Karen L. Mungall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nip, Ka Ming" sort="Nip, Ka Ming" uniqKey="Nip K" first="Ka Ming" last="Nip">Ka Ming Nip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Jenny Q" sort="Qian, Jenny Q" uniqKey="Qian J" first="Jenny Q" last="Qian">Jenny Q. Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raymond, Anthony Gj" sort="Raymond, Anthony Gj" uniqKey="Raymond A" first="Anthony Gj" last="Raymond">Anthony Gj Raymond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiessen, Nina" sort="Thiessen, Nina" uniqKey="Thiessen N" first="Nina" last="Thiessen">Nina Thiessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varhol, Richard J" sort="Varhol, Richard J" uniqKey="Varhol R" first="Richard J" last="Varhol">Richard J. Varhol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Richard A" sort="Moore, Richard A" uniqKey="Moore R" first="Richard A" last="Moore">Richard A. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungall, Andrew J" sort="Mungall, Andrew J" uniqKey="Mungall A" first="Andrew J" last="Mungall">Andrew J. Mungall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, Robert" sort="Holt, Robert" uniqKey="Holt R" first="Robert" last="Holt">Robert Holt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawauchi, Daisuke" sort="Kawauchi, Daisuke" uniqKey="Kawauchi D" first="Daisuke" last="Kawauchi">Daisuke Kawauchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Martine F" sort="Roussel, Martine F" uniqKey="Roussel M" first="Martine F" last="Roussel">Martine F. Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kool, Marcel" sort="Kool, Marcel" uniqKey="Kool M" first="Marcel" last="Kool">Marcel Kool</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, David Tw" sort="Jones, David Tw" uniqKey="Jones D" first="David Tw" last="Jones">David Tw Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witt, Hendrick" sort="Witt, Hendrick" uniqKey="Witt H" first="Hendrick" last="Witt">Hendrick Witt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Departments of Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez L, Africa" sort="Fernandez L, Africa" uniqKey="Fernandez L A" first="Africa" last="Fernandez-L">Africa Fernandez-L</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Pediatric Clinical Trials Office, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, United States, 10174</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kenney, Anna M" sort="Kenney, Anna M" uniqKey="Kenney A" first="Anna M" last="Kenney">Anna M. Kenney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, T-4224 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-2380</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" sort="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" uniqKey="Wechsler Reya R" first="Robert J" last="Wechsler-Reya">Robert J. Wechsler-Reya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aviv, Tzvi" sort="Aviv, Tzvi" uniqKey="Aviv T" first="Tzvi" last="Aviv">Tzvi Aviv</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-13-601, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grajkowska, Wieslawa A" sort="Grajkowska, Wieslawa A" uniqKey="Grajkowska W" first="Wieslawa A" last="Grajkowska">Wieslawa A. Grajkowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perek Polnik, Marta" sort="Perek Polnik, Marta" uniqKey="Perek Polnik M" first="Marta" last="Perek-Polnik">Marta Perek-Polnik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Oncology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haberler, Christine C" sort="Haberler, Christine C" uniqKey="Haberler C" first="Christine C" last="Haberler">Christine C. Haberler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, A-1097, Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delattre, Olivier" sort="Delattre, Olivier" uniqKey="Delattre O" first="Olivier" last="Delattre">Olivier Delattre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">INSERM U 830, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reynaud, Stephanie S" sort="Reynaud, Stephanie S" uniqKey="Reynaud S" first="Stéphanie S" last="Reynaud">Stéphanie S. Reynaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Unit of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doz, Francois F" sort="Doz, Francois F" uniqKey="Doz F" first="François F" last="Doz">François F. Doz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75248</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pernet Fattet, Sarah S" sort="Pernet Fattet, Sarah S" uniqKey="Pernet Fattet S" first="Sarah S" last="Pernet-Fattet">Sarah S. Pernet-Fattet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Byung Kyu" sort="Cho, Byung Kyu" uniqKey="Cho B" first="Byung-Kyu" last="Cho">Byung-Kyu Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Seung Ki" sort="Kim, Seung Ki" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seung-Ki" last="Kim">Seung-Ki Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Kyu Chang" sort="Wang, Kyu Chang" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Kyu-Chang" last="Wang">Kyu-Chang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheurlen, Wolfram" sort="Scheurlen, Wolfram" uniqKey="Scheurlen W" first="Wolfram" last="Scheurlen">Wolfram Scheurlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Head of Pediatrics, Cnopf´sche Kinderklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Nuremberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eberhart, Charles G" sort="Eberhart, Charles G" uniqKey="Eberhart C" first="Charles G" last="Eberhart">Charles G. Eberhart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 558, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fevre Montange, Michelle" sort="Fevre Montange, Michelle" uniqKey="Fevre Montange M" first="Michelle" last="Fèvre-Montange">Michelle Fèvre-Montange</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jouvet, Anne" sort="Jouvet, Anne" uniqKey="Jouvet A" first="Anne" last="Jouvet">Anne Jouvet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollack, Ian F" sort="Pollack, Ian F" uniqKey="Pollack I" first="Ian F" last="Pollack">Ian F. Pollack</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Xing" sort="Fan, Xing" uniqKey="Fan X" first="Xing" last="Fan">Xing Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 5018 BSRB, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muraszko, Karin M" sort="Muraszko, Karin M" uniqKey="Muraszko K" first="Karin M" last="Muraszko">Karin M. Muraszko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Taubman Center, Room 3552, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, G Yancey" sort="Gillespie, G Yancey" uniqKey="Gillespie G" first="G. Yancey" last="Gillespie">G. Yancey Gillespie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 1052, Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294-0006</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Rocco, Concezio" sort="Di Rocco, Concezio" uniqKey="Di Rocco C" first="Concezio" last="Di Rocco">Concezio Di Rocco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massimi, Luca" sort="Massimi, Luca" uniqKey="Massimi L" first="Luca" last="Massimi">Luca Massimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michiels, Erna Mc" sort="Michiels, Erna Mc" uniqKey="Michiels E" first="Erna Mc" last="Michiels">Erna Mc Michiels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kloosterhof, Nanne K" sort="Kloosterhof, Nanne K" uniqKey="Kloosterhof N" first="Nanne K" last="Kloosterhof">Nanne K. Kloosterhof</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="French, Pim J" sort="French, Pim J" uniqKey="French P" first="Pim J" last="French">Pim J. French</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kros, Johan M" sort="Kros, Johan M" uniqKey="Kros J" first="Johan M" last="Kros">Johan M. Kros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, James M" sort="Olson, James M" uniqKey="Olson J" first="James M" last="Olson">James M. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, Washington, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellenbogen, Richard G" sort="Ellenbogen, Richard G" uniqKey="Ellenbogen R" first="Richard G" last="Ellenbogen">Richard G. Ellenbogen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitterbart, Karel" sort="Zitterbart, Karel" uniqKey="Zitterbart K" first="Karel" last="Zitterbart">Karel Zitterbart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kren, Leos" sort="Kren, Leos" uniqKey="Kren L" first="Leos" last="Kren">Leos Kren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Reid C" sort="Thompson, Reid C" uniqKey="Thompson R" first="Reid C" last="Thompson">Reid C. Thompson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, T-4224 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-2380</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Michael K" sort="Cooper, Michael K" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Michael K" last="Cooper">Michael K. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lach, Boleslaw" sort="Lach, Boleslaw" uniqKey="Lach B" first="Boleslaw" last="Lach">Boleslaw Lach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8L 2X2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclendon, Roger E" sort="Mclendon, Roger E" uniqKey="Mclendon R" first="Roger E" last="Mclendon">Roger E. Mclendon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Duke University, DUMC 3712, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bigner, Darell D" sort="Bigner, Darell D" uniqKey="Bigner D" first="Darell D" last="Bigner">Darell D. Bigner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Duke University, DUMC 3712, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontebasso, Adam" sort="Fontebasso, Adam" uniqKey="Fontebasso A" first="Adam" last="Fontebasso">Adam Fontebasso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3Z 2Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Steffen" sort="Albrecht, Steffen" uniqKey="Albrecht S" first="Steffen" last="Albrecht">Steffen Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H 1P3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jabado, Nada" sort="Jabado, Nada" uniqKey="Jabado N" first="Nada" last="Jabado">Nada Jabado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3Z 2Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hemato-Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindsey, Janet C" sort="Lindsey, Janet C" uniqKey="Lindsey J" first="Janet C" last="Lindsey">Janet C. Lindsey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, Simon" sort="Bailey, Simon" uniqKey="Bailey S" first="Simon" last="Bailey">Simon Bailey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Nalin" sort="Gupta, Nalin" uniqKey="Gupta N" first="Nalin" last="Gupta">Nalin Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, California, United States, 94143-0112</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, William A" sort="Weiss, William A" uniqKey="Weiss W" first="William A" last="Weiss">William A. Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, The Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building 1450 3rd Street, Room HD-220, MC 0520, San Francisco, California, United States, 94158</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bognar, Laszl" sort="Bognar, Laszl" uniqKey="Bognar L" first="Lászl" last="Bognár">Lászl Bognár</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22., Debrecen, Hungary, 4032</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klekner, Almos" sort="Klekner, Almos" uniqKey="Klekner A" first="Almos" last="Klekner">Almos Klekner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22., Debrecen, Hungary, 4032</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Meter, Timothy E" sort="Van Meter, Timothy E" uniqKey="Van Meter T" first="Timothy E" last="Van Meter">Timothy E. Van Meter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Box 980646, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0646</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumabe, Toshihiro" sort="Kumabe, Toshihiro" uniqKey="Kumabe T" first="Toshihiro" last="Kumabe">Toshihiro Kumabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8574</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tominaga, Teiji" sort="Tominaga, Teiji" uniqKey="Tominaga T" first="Teiji" last="Tominaga">Teiji Tominaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8574</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elbabaa, Samer K" sort="Elbabaa, Samer K" uniqKey="Elbabaa S" first="Samer K" last="Elbabaa">Samer K. Elbabaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, Suite 3707, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leonard, Jeffrey R" sort="Leonard, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Leonard J" first="Jeffrey R" last="Leonard">Jeffrey R. Leonard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Joshua B" sort="Rubin, Joshua B" uniqKey="Rubin J" first="Joshua B" last="Rubin">Joshua B. Rubin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liau, Linda M" sort="Liau, Linda M" uniqKey="Liau L" first="Linda M" last="Liau">Linda M. Liau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Campus 690118, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Meir, Erwin G" sort="Van Meir, Erwin G" uniqKey="Van Meir E" first="Erwin G" last="Van Meir">Erwin G. Van Meir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road NE, 57 Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fouladi, Maryam" sort="Fouladi, Maryam" uniqKey="Fouladi M" first="Maryam" last="Fouladi">Maryam Fouladi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Division of Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Hideo" sort="Nakamura, Hideo" uniqKey="Nakamura H" first="Hideo" last="Nakamura">Hideo Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan, 860-8556</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cinalli, Giuseppe" sort="Cinalli, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Cinalli G" first="Giuseppe" last="Cinalli">Giuseppe Cinalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garami, Mikl S" sort="Garami, Mikl S" uniqKey="Garami M" first="Mikl S" last="Garami">Mikl S Garami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, Peter" sort="Hauser, Peter" uniqKey="Hauser P" first="Peter" last="Hauser">Peter Hauser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Ali G" sort="Saad, Ali G" uniqKey="Saad A" first="Ali G" last="Saad">Ali G. Saad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, lot # 820, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72202</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iolascon, Achille" sort="Iolascon, Achille" uniqKey="Iolascon A" first="Achille" last="Iolascon">Achille Iolascon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Shin" sort="Jung, Shin" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Shin" last="Jung">Shin Jung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Chonnam, South Korea, 519-763</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlotti, Carlos G" sort="Carlotti, Carlos G" uniqKey="Carlotti C" first="Carlos G" last="Carlotti">Carlos G. Carlotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vibhakar, Rajeev" sort="Vibhakar, Rajeev" uniqKey="Vibhakar R" first="Rajeev" last="Vibhakar">Rajeev Vibhakar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ra, Young Shin" sort="Ra, Young Shin" uniqKey="Ra Y" first="Young Shin" last="Ra">Young Shin Ra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Shenandoah" sort="Robinson, Shenandoah" uniqKey="Robinson S" first="Shenandoah" last="Robinson">Shenandoah Robinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Rainbow Babies & Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zollo, Massimo" sort="Zollo, Massimo" uniqKey="Zollo M" first="Massimo" last="Zollo">Massimo Zollo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faria, Claudia C" sort="Faria, Claudia C" uniqKey="Faria C" first="Claudia C" last="Faria">Claudia C. Faria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-401-J, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jennifer A" sort="Chan, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jennifer A" last="Chan">Jennifer A. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 2A25A, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Michael L" sort="Levy, Michael L" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Michael L" last="Levy">Michael L. Levy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">UCSD Division of Neurosurgery, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 8010 Frost Street, Suite 502, San Diego, California, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sorensen, Poul Hb" sort="Sorensen, Poul Hb" uniqKey="Sorensen P" first="Poul Hb" last="Sorensen">Poul Hb Sorensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerson, Matthew" sort="Meyerson, Matthew" uniqKey="Meyerson M" first="Matthew" last="Meyerson">Matthew Meyerson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomeroy, Scott L" sort="Pomeroy, Scott L" uniqKey="Pomeroy S" first="Scott L" last="Pomeroy">Scott L. Pomeroy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Fegan 11, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Yoon Jae" sort="Cho, Yoon Jae" uniqKey="Cho Y" first="Yoon-Jae" last="Cho">Yoon-Jae Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Rm P213, Stanford, California, United States, 94305</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bader, Gary D" sort="Bader, Gary D" uniqKey="Bader G" first="Gary D" last="Bader">Gary D. Bader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 602, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabori, Uri" sort="Tabori, Uri" uniqKey="Tabori U" first="Uri" last="Tabori">Uri Tabori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E" last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, Stephen W" sort="Scherer, Stephen W" uniqKey="Scherer S" first="Stephen W" last="Scherer">Stephen W. Scherer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-14-701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rutka, James T" sort="Rutka, James T" uniqKey="Rutka J" first="James T" last="Rutka">James T. Rutka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malkin, David" sort="Malkin, David" uniqKey="Malkin D" first="David" last="Malkin">David Malkin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clifford, Steven C" sort="Clifford, Steven C" uniqKey="Clifford S" first="Steven C" last="Clifford">Steven C. Clifford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Steven Jm" sort="Jones, Steven Jm" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven Jm" last="Jones">Steven Jm Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korbel, Jan O" sort="Korbel, Jan O" uniqKey="Korbel J" first="Jan O" last="Korbel">Jan O. Korbel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfister, Stefan M" sort="Pfister, Stefan M" uniqKey="Pfister S" first="Stefan M" last="Pfister">Stefan M. Pfister</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marra, Marco A" sort="Marra, Marco A" uniqKey="Marra M" first="Marco A" last="Marra">Marco A. Marra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Michael D" sort="Taylor, Michael D" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Michael D" last="Taylor">Michael D. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22832581</idno><idno type="pmc">3683624</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3683624</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3683624</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/nature11327</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000727</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000727</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes</title><author><name sortKey="Northcott, Paul A" sort="Northcott, Paul A" uniqKey="Northcott P" first="Paul A" last="Northcott">Paul A. Northcott</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shih, David Jh" sort="Shih, David Jh" uniqKey="Shih D" first="David Jh" last="Shih">David Jh Shih</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, John" sort="Peacock, John" uniqKey="Peacock J" first="John" last="Peacock">John Peacock</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garzia, Livia" sort="Garzia, Livia" uniqKey="Garzia L" first="Livia" last="Garzia">Livia Garzia</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Morrissy, Sorana" sort="Morrissy, Sorana" uniqKey="Morrissy S" first="Sorana" last="Morrissy">Sorana Morrissy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zichner, Thomas" sort="Zichner, Thomas" uniqKey="Zichner T" first="Thomas" last="Zichner">Thomas Zichner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stutz, Adrian M" sort="Stutz, Adrian M" uniqKey="Stutz A" first="Adrian M" last="Stütz">Adrian M. Stütz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korshunov, Andrey" sort="Korshunov, Andrey" uniqKey="Korshunov A" first="Andrey" last="Korshunov">Andrey Korshunov</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 220-221, Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reimand, Juri" sort="Reimand, Juri" uniqKey="Reimand J" first="Juri" last="Reimand">Juri Reimand</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 602, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schumacher, Steven E" sort="Schumacher, Steven E" uniqKey="Schumacher S" first="Steven E" last="Schumacher">Steven E. Schumacher</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Beroukhim, Rameen" sort="Beroukhim, Rameen" uniqKey="Beroukhim R" first="Rameen" last="Beroukhim">Rameen Beroukhim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">Cancer Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Maine, United States, 02142</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellison, David W" sort="Ellison, David W" uniqKey="Ellison D" first="David W" last="Ellison">David W. Ellison</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marshall, Christian R" sort="Marshall, Christian R" uniqKey="Marshall C" first="Christian R" last="Marshall">Christian R. Marshall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lionel, Anath C" sort="Lionel, Anath C" uniqKey="Lionel A" first="Anath C" last="Lionel">Anath C. Lionel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-14-701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mack, Stephen" sort="Mack, Stephen" uniqKey="Mack S" first="Stephen" last="Mack">Stephen Mack</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubuc, Adrian" sort="Dubuc, Adrian" uniqKey="Dubuc A" first="Adrian" last="Dubuc">Adrian Dubuc</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yao, Yuan" sort="Yao, Yuan" uniqKey="Yao Y" first="Yuan" last="Yao">Yuan Yao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramaswamy, Vijay" sort="Ramaswamy, Vijay" uniqKey="Ramaswamy V" first="Vijay" last="Ramaswamy">Vijay Ramaswamy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luu, Betty" sort="Luu, Betty" uniqKey="Luu B" first="Betty" last="Luu">Betty Luu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rolider, Adi" sort="Rolider, Adi" uniqKey="Rolider A" first="Adi" last="Rolider">Adi Rolider</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavalli, Florence" sort="Cavalli, Florence" uniqKey="Cavalli F" first="Florence" last="Cavalli">Florence Cavalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xin" sort="Wang, Xin" uniqKey="Wang X" first="Xin" last="Wang">Xin Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remke, Marc" sort="Remke, Marc" uniqKey="Remke M" first="Marc" last="Remke">Marc Remke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Xiaochong" sort="Wu, Xiaochong" uniqKey="Wu X" first="Xiaochong" last="Wu">Xiaochong Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chiu, Readman Yb" sort="Chiu, Readman Yb" uniqKey="Chiu R" first="Readman Yb" last="Chiu">Readman Yb Chiu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chu, Andy" sort="Chu, Andy" uniqKey="Chu A" first="Andy" last="Chu">Andy Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chuah, Eric" sort="Chuah, Eric" uniqKey="Chuah E" first="Eric" last="Chuah">Eric Chuah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, Richard D" sort="Corbett, Richard D" uniqKey="Corbett R" first="Richard D" last="Corbett">Richard D. Corbett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoad, Gemma R" sort="Hoad, Gemma R" uniqKey="Hoad G" first="Gemma R" last="Hoad">Gemma R. Hoad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jackman, Shaun D" sort="Jackman, Shaun D" uniqKey="Jackman S" first="Shaun D" last="Jackman">Shaun D. Jackman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Yisu" sort="Li, Yisu" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yisu" last="Li">Yisu Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lo, Allan" sort="Lo, Allan" uniqKey="Lo A" first="Allan" last="Lo">Allan Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungall, Karen L" sort="Mungall, Karen L" uniqKey="Mungall K" first="Karen L" last="Mungall">Karen L. Mungall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nip, Ka Ming" sort="Nip, Ka Ming" uniqKey="Nip K" first="Ka Ming" last="Nip">Ka Ming Nip</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Qian, Jenny Q" sort="Qian, Jenny Q" uniqKey="Qian J" first="Jenny Q" last="Qian">Jenny Q. Qian</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raymond, Anthony Gj" sort="Raymond, Anthony Gj" uniqKey="Raymond A" first="Anthony Gj" last="Raymond">Anthony Gj Raymond</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thiessen, Nina" sort="Thiessen, Nina" uniqKey="Thiessen N" first="Nina" last="Thiessen">Nina Thiessen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Varhol, Richard J" sort="Varhol, Richard J" uniqKey="Varhol R" first="Richard J" last="Varhol">Richard J. Varhol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birol, Inanc" sort="Birol, Inanc" uniqKey="Birol I" first="Inanc" last="Birol">Inanc Birol</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moore, Richard A" sort="Moore, Richard A" uniqKey="Moore R" first="Richard A" last="Moore">Richard A. Moore</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mungall, Andrew J" sort="Mungall, Andrew J" uniqKey="Mungall A" first="Andrew J" last="Mungall">Andrew J. Mungall</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, Robert" sort="Holt, Robert" uniqKey="Holt R" first="Robert" last="Holt">Robert Holt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kawauchi, Daisuke" sort="Kawauchi, Daisuke" uniqKey="Kawauchi D" first="Daisuke" last="Kawauchi">Daisuke Kawauchi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roussel, Martine F" sort="Roussel, Martine F" uniqKey="Roussel M" first="Martine F" last="Roussel">Martine F. Roussel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kool, Marcel" sort="Kool, Marcel" uniqKey="Kool M" first="Marcel" last="Kool">Marcel Kool</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, David Tw" sort="Jones, David Tw" uniqKey="Jones D" first="David Tw" last="Jones">David Tw Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witt, Hendrick" sort="Witt, Hendrick" uniqKey="Witt H" first="Hendrick" last="Witt">Hendrick Witt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Departments of Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez L, Africa" sort="Fernandez L, Africa" uniqKey="Fernandez L A" first="Africa" last="Fernandez-L">Africa Fernandez-L</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">Pediatric Clinical Trials Office, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, United States, 10174</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kenney, Anna M" sort="Kenney, Anna M" uniqKey="Kenney A" first="Anna M" last="Kenney">Anna M. Kenney</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, T-4224 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-2380</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" sort="Wechsler Reya, Robert J" uniqKey="Wechsler Reya R" first="Robert J" last="Wechsler-Reya">Robert J. Wechsler-Reya</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dirks, Peter" sort="Dirks, Peter" uniqKey="Dirks P" first="Peter" last="Dirks">Peter Dirks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aviv, Tzvi" sort="Aviv, Tzvi" uniqKey="Aviv T" first="Tzvi" last="Aviv">Tzvi Aviv</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A26">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-13-601, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grajkowska, Wieslawa A" sort="Grajkowska, Wieslawa A" uniqKey="Grajkowska W" first="Wieslawa A" last="Grajkowska">Wieslawa A. Grajkowska</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A27">Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perek Polnik, Marta" sort="Perek Polnik, Marta" uniqKey="Perek Polnik M" first="Marta" last="Perek-Polnik">Marta Perek-Polnik</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A28">Department of Oncology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haberler, Christine C" sort="Haberler, Christine C" uniqKey="Haberler C" first="Christine C" last="Haberler">Christine C. Haberler</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A29">Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, A-1097, Vienna, Austria</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delattre, Olivier" sort="Delattre, Olivier" uniqKey="Delattre O" first="Olivier" last="Delattre">Olivier Delattre</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A30">INSERM U 830, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reynaud, Stephanie S" sort="Reynaud, Stephanie S" uniqKey="Reynaud S" first="Stéphanie S" last="Reynaud">Stéphanie S. Reynaud</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A31">Unit of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Doz, Francois F" sort="Doz, Francois F" uniqKey="Doz F" first="François F" last="Doz">François F. Doz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A32">Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75248</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pernet Fattet, Sarah S" sort="Pernet Fattet, Sarah S" uniqKey="Pernet Fattet S" first="Sarah S" last="Pernet-Fattet">Sarah S. Pernet-Fattet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A33">Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Byung Kyu" sort="Cho, Byung Kyu" uniqKey="Cho B" first="Byung-Kyu" last="Cho">Byung-Kyu Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Seung Ki" sort="Kim, Seung Ki" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Seung-Ki" last="Kim">Seung-Ki Kim</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Kyu Chang" sort="Wang, Kyu Chang" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Kyu-Chang" last="Wang">Kyu-Chang Wang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A34">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scheurlen, Wolfram" sort="Scheurlen, Wolfram" uniqKey="Scheurlen W" first="Wolfram" last="Scheurlen">Wolfram Scheurlen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A35">Head of Pediatrics, Cnopf´sche Kinderklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Nuremberg, Germany</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eberhart, Charles G" sort="Eberhart, Charles G" uniqKey="Eberhart C" first="Charles G" last="Eberhart">Charles G. Eberhart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A36">Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 558, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fevre Montange, Michelle" sort="Fevre Montange, Michelle" uniqKey="Fevre Montange M" first="Michelle" last="Fèvre-Montange">Michelle Fèvre-Montange</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A37">INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jouvet, Anne" sort="Jouvet, Anne" uniqKey="Jouvet A" first="Anne" last="Jouvet">Anne Jouvet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A38">Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollack, Ian F" sort="Pollack, Ian F" uniqKey="Pollack I" first="Ian F" last="Pollack">Ian F. Pollack</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A39">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Xing" sort="Fan, Xing" uniqKey="Fan X" first="Xing" last="Fan">Xing Fan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A40">Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 5018 BSRB, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muraszko, Karin M" sort="Muraszko, Karin M" uniqKey="Muraszko K" first="Karin M" last="Muraszko">Karin M. Muraszko</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A41">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Taubman Center, Room 3552, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gillespie, G Yancey" sort="Gillespie, G Yancey" uniqKey="Gillespie G" first="G. Yancey" last="Gillespie">G. Yancey Gillespie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A42">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 1052, Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294-0006</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Di Rocco, Concezio" sort="Di Rocco, Concezio" uniqKey="Di Rocco C" first="Concezio" last="Di Rocco">Concezio Di Rocco</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Massimi, Luca" sort="Massimi, Luca" uniqKey="Massimi L" first="Luca" last="Massimi">Luca Massimi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A43">Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michiels, Erna Mc" sort="Michiels, Erna Mc" uniqKey="Michiels E" first="Erna Mc" last="Michiels">Erna Mc Michiels</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kloosterhof, Nanne K" sort="Kloosterhof, Nanne K" uniqKey="Kloosterhof N" first="Nanne K" last="Kloosterhof">Nanne K. Kloosterhof</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A44">Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="French, Pim J" sort="French, Pim J" uniqKey="French P" first="Pim J" last="French">Pim J. French</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A45">Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kros, Johan M" sort="Kros, Johan M" uniqKey="Kros J" first="Johan M" last="Kros">Johan M. Kros</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A46">Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, James M" sort="Olson, James M" uniqKey="Olson J" first="James M" last="Olson">James M. Olson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A47">Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, Washington, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A48">Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ellenbogen, Richard G" sort="Ellenbogen, Richard G" uniqKey="Ellenbogen R" first="Richard G" last="Ellenbogen">Richard G. Ellenbogen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A49">Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zitterbart, Karel" sort="Zitterbart, Karel" uniqKey="Zitterbart K" first="Karel" last="Zitterbart">Karel Zitterbart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A50">Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A51">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kren, Leos" sort="Kren, Leos" uniqKey="Kren L" first="Leos" last="Kren">Leos Kren</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A52">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thompson, Reid C" sort="Thompson, Reid C" uniqKey="Thompson R" first="Reid C" last="Thompson">Reid C. Thompson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, T-4224 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-2380</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Michael K" sort="Cooper, Michael K" uniqKey="Cooper M" first="Michael K" last="Cooper">Michael K. Cooper</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A53">Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lach, Boleslaw" sort="Lach, Boleslaw" uniqKey="Lach B" first="Boleslaw" last="Lach">Boleslaw Lach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A54">Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A55">Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8L 2X2</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclendon, Roger E" sort="Mclendon, Roger E" uniqKey="Mclendon R" first="Roger E" last="Mclendon">Roger E. Mclendon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Duke University, DUMC 3712, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bigner, Darell D" sort="Bigner, Darell D" uniqKey="Bigner D" first="Darell D" last="Bigner">Darell D. Bigner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A56">Department of Pathology, Duke University, DUMC 3712, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontebasso, Adam" sort="Fontebasso, Adam" uniqKey="Fontebasso A" first="Adam" last="Fontebasso">Adam Fontebasso</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3Z 2Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albrecht, Steffen" sort="Albrecht, Steffen" uniqKey="Albrecht S" first="Steffen" last="Albrecht">Steffen Albrecht</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A58">Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A59">Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H 1P3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jabado, Nada" sort="Jabado, Nada" uniqKey="Jabado N" first="Nada" last="Jabado">Nada Jabado</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A57">Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3Z 2Z3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A60">Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hemato-Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lindsey, Janet C" sort="Lindsey, Janet C" uniqKey="Lindsey J" first="Janet C" last="Lindsey">Janet C. Lindsey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailey, Simon" sort="Bailey, Simon" uniqKey="Bailey S" first="Simon" last="Bailey">Simon Bailey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Nalin" sort="Gupta, Nalin" uniqKey="Gupta N" first="Nalin" last="Gupta">Nalin Gupta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A62">Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, California, United States, 94143-0112</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, William A" sort="Weiss, William A" uniqKey="Weiss W" first="William A" last="Weiss">William A. Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A63">Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, The Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building 1450 3rd Street, Room HD-220, MC 0520, San Francisco, California, United States, 94158</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bognar, Laszl" sort="Bognar, Laszl" uniqKey="Bognar L" first="Lászl" last="Bognár">Lászl Bognár</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22., Debrecen, Hungary, 4032</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klekner, Almos" sort="Klekner, Almos" uniqKey="Klekner A" first="Almos" last="Klekner">Almos Klekner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A64">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22., Debrecen, Hungary, 4032</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Meter, Timothy E" sort="Van Meter, Timothy E" uniqKey="Van Meter T" first="Timothy E" last="Van Meter">Timothy E. Van Meter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A65">Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Box 980646, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0646</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumabe, Toshihiro" sort="Kumabe, Toshihiro" uniqKey="Kumabe T" first="Toshihiro" last="Kumabe">Toshihiro Kumabe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8574</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tominaga, Teiji" sort="Tominaga, Teiji" uniqKey="Tominaga T" first="Teiji" last="Tominaga">Teiji Tominaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A66">Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8574</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elbabaa, Samer K" sort="Elbabaa, Samer K" uniqKey="Elbabaa S" first="Samer K" last="Elbabaa">Samer K. Elbabaa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A67">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, Suite 3707, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leonard, Jeffrey R" sort="Leonard, Jeffrey R" uniqKey="Leonard J" first="Jeffrey R" last="Leonard">Jeffrey R. Leonard</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A68">Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Joshua B" sort="Rubin, Joshua B" uniqKey="Rubin J" first="Joshua B" last="Rubin">Joshua B. Rubin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A69">Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liau, Linda M" sort="Liau, Linda M" uniqKey="Liau L" first="Linda M" last="Liau">Linda M. Liau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A70">Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Campus 690118, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Meir, Erwin G" sort="Van Meir, Erwin G" uniqKey="Van Meir E" first="Erwin G" last="Van Meir">Erwin G. Van Meir</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A71">Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road NE, 57 Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fouladi, Maryam" sort="Fouladi, Maryam" uniqKey="Fouladi M" first="Maryam" last="Fouladi">Maryam Fouladi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A72">Division of Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, Hideo" sort="Nakamura, Hideo" uniqKey="Nakamura H" first="Hideo" last="Nakamura">Hideo Nakamura</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A73">Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan, 860-8556</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cinalli, Giuseppe" sort="Cinalli, Giuseppe" uniqKey="Cinalli G" first="Giuseppe" last="Cinalli">Giuseppe Cinalli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A74">Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Garami, Mikl S" sort="Garami, Mikl S" uniqKey="Garami M" first="Mikl S" last="Garami">Mikl S Garami</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hauser, Peter" sort="Hauser, Peter" uniqKey="Hauser P" first="Peter" last="Hauser">Peter Hauser</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A75">2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saad, Ali G" sort="Saad, Ali G" uniqKey="Saad A" first="Ali G" last="Saad">Ali G. Saad</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A76">Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, lot # 820, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72202</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iolascon, Achille" sort="Iolascon, Achille" uniqKey="Iolascon A" first="Achille" last="Iolascon">Achille Iolascon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Shin" sort="Jung, Shin" uniqKey="Jung S" first="Shin" last="Jung">Shin Jung</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A79">Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Chonnam, South Korea, 519-763</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carlotti, Carlos G" sort="Carlotti, Carlos G" uniqKey="Carlotti C" first="Carlos G" last="Carlotti">Carlos G. Carlotti</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A80">Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vibhakar, Rajeev" sort="Vibhakar, Rajeev" uniqKey="Vibhakar R" first="Rajeev" last="Vibhakar">Rajeev Vibhakar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A81">Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ra, Young Shin" sort="Ra, Young Shin" uniqKey="Ra Y" first="Young Shin" last="Ra">Young Shin Ra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A82">Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, Shenandoah" sort="Robinson, Shenandoah" uniqKey="Robinson S" first="Shenandoah" last="Robinson">Shenandoah Robinson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A83">Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A84">Rainbow Babies & Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zollo, Massimo" sort="Zollo, Massimo" uniqKey="Zollo M" first="Massimo" last="Zollo">Massimo Zollo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A77">Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A78">CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faria, Claudia C" sort="Faria, Claudia C" uniqKey="Faria C" first="Claudia C" last="Faria">Claudia C. Faria</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A85">Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisbon, Portugal</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A86">Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-401-J, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Jennifer A" sort="Chan, Jennifer A" uniqKey="Chan J" first="Jennifer A" last="Chan">Jennifer A. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A87">Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 2A25A, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Michael L" sort="Levy, Michael L" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Michael L" last="Levy">Michael L. Levy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A88">UCSD Division of Neurosurgery, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 8010 Frost Street, Suite 502, San Diego, California, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sorensen, Poul Hb" sort="Sorensen, Poul Hb" uniqKey="Sorensen P" first="Poul Hb" last="Sorensen">Poul Hb Sorensen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A89">Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerson, Matthew" sort="Meyerson, Matthew" uniqKey="Meyerson M" first="Matthew" last="Meyerson">Matthew Meyerson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pomeroy, Scott L" sort="Pomeroy, Scott L" uniqKey="Pomeroy S" first="Scott L" last="Pomeroy">Scott L. Pomeroy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A90">Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Fegan 11, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cho, Yoon Jae" sort="Cho, Yoon Jae" uniqKey="Cho Y" first="Yoon-Jae" last="Cho">Yoon-Jae Cho</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A91">Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Rm P213, Stanford, California, United States, 94305</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bader, Gary D" sort="Bader, Gary D" uniqKey="Bader G" first="Gary D" last="Bader">Gary D. Bader</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 602, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A92">Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A93">Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tabori, Uri" sort="Tabori, Uri" uniqKey="Tabori U" first="Uri" last="Tabori">Uri Tabori</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, Cynthia E" sort="Hawkins, Cynthia E" uniqKey="Hawkins C" first="Cynthia E" last="Hawkins">Cynthia E. Hawkins</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A95">Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bouffet, Eric" sort="Bouffet, Eric" uniqKey="Bouffet E" first="Eric" last="Bouffet">Eric Bouffet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scherer, Stephen W" sort="Scherer, Stephen W" uniqKey="Scherer S" first="Stephen W" last="Scherer">Stephen W. Scherer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-14-701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rutka, James T" sort="Rutka, James T" uniqKey="Rutka J" first="James T" last="Rutka">James T. Rutka</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malkin, David" sort="Malkin, David" uniqKey="Malkin D" first="David" last="Malkin">David Malkin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A94">Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A96">Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clifford, Steven C" sort="Clifford, Steven C" uniqKey="Clifford S" first="Steven C" last="Clifford">Steven C. Clifford</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A61">Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Steven Jm" sort="Jones, Steven Jm" uniqKey="Jones S" first="Steven Jm" last="Jones">Steven Jm Jones</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korbel, Jan O" sort="Korbel, Jan O" uniqKey="Korbel J" first="Jan O" last="Korbel">Jan O. Korbel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfister, Stefan M" sort="Pfister, Stefan M" uniqKey="Pfister S" first="Stefan M" last="Pfister">Stefan M. Pfister</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marra, Marco A" sort="Marra, Marco A" uniqKey="Marra M" first="Marco A" last="Marra">Marco A. Marra</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A97">Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Michael D" sort="Taylor, Michael D" uniqKey="Taylor M" first="Michael D" last="Taylor">Michael D. Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A25">Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><p id="P3">Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumour, is currently treated with non-specific cytotoxic therapies including surgery, whole brain radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy. As medulloblastoma exhibits marked intertumoural heterogeneity, with at least four distinct molecular variants, prior attempts to identify targets for therapy have been underpowered due to small samples sizes. Here we report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 1087 unique medulloblastomas. SCNAs are common in medulloblastoma, and are predominantly subgroup enriched. The most common region of focal copy number gain is a tandem duplication of the Parkinson’s disease gene <italic>SNCAIP</italic>, which is exquisitely restricted to Group 4α. Recurrent translocations of <italic>PVT1</italic>, including <italic>PVT1-MYC</italic> and <italic>PVT1-NDRG1</italic> that arise through chromothripsis are restricted to Group 3. Numerous targetable SCNAs, including recurrent events targeting TGFβ signaling in Group 3, and NF-κB signaling in Group 4 suggest future avenues for rational, targeted therapy.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0410462</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">6011</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Nature</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Nature</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Nature</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-0836</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1476-4687</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22832581</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3683624</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/nature11327</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS436539</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Northcott</surname><given-names>Paul A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shih</surname><given-names>David JH</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peacock</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garzia</surname><given-names>Livia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Morrissy</surname><given-names>Sorana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zichner</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stütz</surname><given-names>Adrian M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Korshunov</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reimand</surname><given-names>Juri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schumacher</surname><given-names>Steven E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Beroukhim</surname><given-names>Rameen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ellison</surname><given-names>David W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marshall</surname><given-names>Christian R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lionel</surname><given-names>Anath C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mack</surname><given-names>Stephen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dubuc</surname><given-names>Adrian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Yuan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramaswamy</surname><given-names>Vijay</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luu</surname><given-names>Betty</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rolider</surname><given-names>Adi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cavalli</surname><given-names>Florence</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Xin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Remke</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Xiaochong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chiu</surname><given-names>Readman YB</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>Andy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chuah</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corbett</surname><given-names>Richard D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoad</surname><given-names>Gemma R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jackman</surname><given-names>Shaun D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yisu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>Allan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mungall</surname><given-names>Karen L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nip</surname><given-names>Ka Ming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Qian</surname><given-names>Jenny Q</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raymond</surname><given-names>Anthony GJ</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thiessen</surname><given-names>Nina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Varhol</surname><given-names>Richard J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Birol</surname><given-names>Inanc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moore</surname><given-names>Richard A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mungall</surname><given-names>Andrew J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Holt</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kawauchi</surname><given-names>Daisuke</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roussel</surname><given-names>Martine F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kool</surname><given-names>Marcel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>David TW</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Witt</surname><given-names>Hendrick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fernandez-L</surname><given-names>Africa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kenney</surname><given-names>Anna M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wechsler-Reya</surname><given-names>Robert J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dirks</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aviv</surname><given-names>Tzvi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A26">26</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Grajkowska</surname><given-names>Wieslawa A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A27">27</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perek-Polnik</surname><given-names>Marta</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A28">28</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Haberler</surname><given-names>Christine C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A29">29</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Delattre</surname><given-names>Olivier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A30">30</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reynaud</surname><given-names>Stéphanie S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A31">31</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Doz</surname><given-names>François F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A32">32</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pernet-Fattet</surname><given-names>Sarah S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A33">33</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>Byung-Kyu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Seung-Ki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Kyu-Chang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A34">34</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scheurlen</surname><given-names>Wolfram</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A35">35</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eberhart</surname><given-names>Charles G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A36">36</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fèvre-Montange</surname><given-names>Michelle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A37">37</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jouvet</surname><given-names>Anne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A38">38</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pollack</surname><given-names>Ian F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A39">39</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Xing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A40">40</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muraszko</surname><given-names>Karin M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A41">41</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gillespie</surname><given-names>G. Yancey</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A42">42</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Di Rocco</surname><given-names>Concezio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Massimi</surname><given-names>Luca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A43">43</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Michiels</surname><given-names>Erna MC</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kloosterhof</surname><given-names>Nanne K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A44">44</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>French</surname><given-names>Pim J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A45">45</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kros</surname><given-names>Johan M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A46">46</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>James M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A47">47</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A48">48</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ellenbogen</surname><given-names>Richard G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A49">49</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zitterbart</surname><given-names>Karel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A50">50</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A51">51</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kren</surname><given-names>Leos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A52">52</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thompson</surname><given-names>Reid C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cooper</surname><given-names>Michael K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A53">53</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lach</surname><given-names>Boleslaw</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A54">54</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A55">55</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>McLendon</surname><given-names>Roger E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A56">56</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bigner</surname><given-names>Darell D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A56">56</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fontebasso</surname><given-names>Adam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albrecht</surname><given-names>Steffen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A58">58</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A59">59</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jabado</surname><given-names>Nada</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A57">57</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A60">60</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lindsey</surname><given-names>Janet C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bailey</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>Nalin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A62">62</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weiss</surname><given-names>William A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A63">63</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bognár</surname><given-names>László</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A64">64</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klekner</surname><given-names>Almos</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A64">64</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Meter</surname><given-names>Timothy E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A65">65</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumabe</surname><given-names>Toshihiro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A66">66</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tominaga</surname><given-names>Teiji</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A66">66</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Elbabaa</surname><given-names>Samer K</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A67">67</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leonard</surname><given-names>Jeffrey R</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A68">68</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rubin</surname><given-names>Joshua B</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A69">69</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liau</surname><given-names>Linda M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A70">70</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Meir</surname><given-names>Erwin G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A71">71</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fouladi</surname><given-names>Maryam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A72">72</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nakamura</surname><given-names>Hideo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A73">73</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cinalli</surname><given-names>Giuseppe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A74">74</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garami</surname><given-names>Miklós</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hauser</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A75">75</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Saad</surname><given-names>Ali G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A76">76</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iolascon</surname><given-names>Achille</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A78">78</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>Shin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A79">79</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carlotti</surname><given-names>Carlos G</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A80">80</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vibhakar</surname><given-names>Rajeev</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A81">81</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ra</surname><given-names>Young Shin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A82">82</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Robinson</surname><given-names>Shenandoah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A83">83</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A84">84</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zollo</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A77">77</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A78">78</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faria</surname><given-names>Claudia C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A85">85</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A86">86</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Jennifer A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A87">87</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levy</surname><given-names>Michael L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A88">88</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sorensen</surname><given-names>Poul HB</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A89">89</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyerson</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pomeroy</surname><given-names>Scott L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A90">90</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cho</surname><given-names>Yoon-Jae</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A91">91</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bader</surname><given-names>Gary D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A92">92</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A93">93</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tabori</surname><given-names>Uri</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hawkins</surname><given-names>Cynthia E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A95">95</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bouffet</surname><given-names>Eric</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Scherer</surname><given-names>Stephen W</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rutka</surname><given-names>James T</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malkin</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A94">94</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A96">96</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clifford</surname><given-names>Steven C</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A61">61</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jones</surname><given-names>Steven JM</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Korbel</surname><given-names>Jan O</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pfister</surname><given-names>Stefan M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marra</surname><given-names>Marco A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A97">97</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">#</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>Michael D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A25">25</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">#</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Buildings, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstr. 1, Heidelberg, Germany, 69117</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 220-221, Department of Neuropathology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Room 602, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E1</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>Cancer Program, Broad Institute, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Maine, United States, 02142</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Center for Cancer Genome Discovery, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02215</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-14-701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 4S6</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Tumour Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Departments of Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany, 69120</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>Pediatric Clinical Trials Office, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 405 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, United States, 10174</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, T-4224 MCN, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-2380</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States, 92037</aff><aff id="A25"><label>25</label>Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Hill 1503, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</aff><aff id="A26"><label>26</label>Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-13-601, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</aff><aff id="A27"><label>27</label>Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</aff><aff id="A28"><label>28</label>Department of Oncology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich20, Warsaw, Poland, 04-730</aff><aff id="A29"><label>29</label>Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH 4J, Waehringer Gürtel 18-20, A-1097, Vienna, Austria</aff><aff id="A30"><label>30</label>INSERM U 830, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</aff><aff id="A31"><label>31</label>Unit of Somatic Genetics, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75238</aff><aff id="A32"><label>32</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue D'Ulm, Paris Cedex 5, France, 75248</aff><aff id="A33"><label>33</label>Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, CHUV University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A34"><label>34</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea, 110-744</aff><aff id="A35"><label>35</label>Head of Pediatrics, Cnopf´sche Kinderklinik, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Nuremberg, Germany</aff><aff id="A36"><label>36</label>Departments of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Building 558, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205</aff><aff id="A37"><label>37</label>INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France</aff><aff id="A38"><label>38</label>Centre de Pathologie EST, Groupement Hospitalier EST, Université de Lyon, Bron, France</aff><aff id="A39"><label>39</label>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224</aff><aff id="A40"><label>40</label>Departments of Neurosurgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 5018 BSRB, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</aff><aff id="A41"><label>41</label>Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Taubman Center, Room 3552, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109</aff><aff id="A42"><label>42</label>Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Boulevard, THT 1052, Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294-0006</aff><aff id="A43"><label>43</label>Pediatric Neurosurgery, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy</aff><aff id="A44"><label>44</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A45"><label>45</label>Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A46"><label>46</label>Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, Netherlands</aff><aff id="A47"><label>47</label>Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, D4-100, Seattle, Washington, United States</aff><aff id="A48"><label>48</label>Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States</aff><aff id="A49"><label>49</label>Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104</aff><aff id="A50"><label>50</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Cernopolni 9, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A51"><label>51</label>Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A52"><label>52</label>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic</aff><aff id="A53"><label>53</label>Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, MRB III 6160, Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-8550</aff><aff id="A54"><label>54</label>Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Division of Anatomical Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A55"><label>55</label>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8L 2X2</aff><aff id="A56"><label>56</label>Department of Pathology, Duke University, DUMC 3712, Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710</aff><aff id="A57"><label>57</label>Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, 4060 Ste Catherine West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3Z 2Z3</aff><aff id="A58"><label>58</label>Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</aff><aff id="A59"><label>59</label>Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3H 1P3</aff><aff id="A60"><label>60</label>Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hemato-Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</aff><aff id="A61"><label>61</label>Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4LP</aff><aff id="A62"><label>62</label>Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M779, San Francisco, California, United States, 94143-0112</aff><aff id="A63"><label>63</label>Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, The Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building 1450 3rd Street, Room HD-220, MC 0520, San Francisco, California, United States, 94158</aff><aff id="A64"><label>64</label>Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Centre, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22., Debrecen, Hungary, 4032</aff><aff id="A65"><label>65</label>Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealthy University, School of Medicine, Box 980646, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0646</aff><aff id="A66"><label>66</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan, 980-8574</aff><aff id="A67"><label>67</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1465 South Grand Boulevard, Suite 3707, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63104</aff><aff id="A68"><label>68</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8057, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</aff><aff id="A69"><label>69</label>Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110</aff><aff id="A70"><label>70</label>Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Campus 690118, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095</aff><aff id="A71"><label>71</label>Departments of Neurosurgery and Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road NE, 57 Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322</aff><aff id="A72"><label>72</label>Division of Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States</aff><aff id="A73"><label>73</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan, 860-8556</aff><aff id="A74"><label>74</label>Paediatric Neurosurgery, Ospedale Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="A75"><label>75</label>2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</aff><aff id="A76"><label>76</label>Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way, lot # 820, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72202</aff><aff id="A77"><label>77</label>Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="A78"><label>78</label>CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy</aff><aff id="A79"><label>79</label>Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-eup, Hwasun-gun, Chonnam, South Korea, 519-763</aff><aff id="A80"><label>80</label>Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Rebeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="A81"><label>81</label>Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045</aff><aff id="A82"><label>82</label>Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea</aff><aff id="A83"><label>83</label>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</aff><aff id="A84"><label>84</label>Rainbow Babies & Children's, Cleveland, Ohio, United States</aff><aff id="A85"><label>85</label>Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte EPE, Lisbon, Portugal</aff><aff id="A86"><label>86</label>Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 101 College Street, TMDT-401-J, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1L7</aff><aff id="A87"><label>87</label>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 2A25A, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N1</aff><aff id="A88"><label>88</label>UCSD Division of Neurosurgery, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, 8010 Frost Street, Suite 502, San Diego, California, United States</aff><aff id="A89"><label>89</label>Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</aff><aff id="A90"><label>90</label>Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Children's Hospital Boston, Fegan 11, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Maine, United States, 02115</aff><aff id="A91"><label>91</label>Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, MSLS Building, Rm P213, Stanford, California, United States, 94305</aff><aff id="A92"><label>92</label>Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A93"><label>93</label>Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A94"><label>94</label>Department of Haematology & Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</aff><aff id="A95"><label>95</label>Department of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8</aff><aff id="A96"><label>96</label>Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="A97"><label>97</label>Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V5Z 1L3</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to MAM (<email>mmarra@bcgsc.ca</email>) and MDT (<email>mdtaylor@sickkids.ca</email>)</corresp><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p id="P1">These authors contributed equally</p></fn><fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>#</label><p id="P2">These authors contributed equally</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>2</day><month>8</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>17</day><month>6</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>488</volume><issue>7409</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><abstract><title>Summary</title><p id="P3">Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumour, is currently treated with non-specific cytotoxic therapies including surgery, whole brain radiation, and aggressive chemotherapy. As medulloblastoma exhibits marked intertumoural heterogeneity, with at least four distinct molecular variants, prior attempts to identify targets for therapy have been underpowered due to small samples sizes. Here we report somatic copy number aberrations (SCNAs) in 1087 unique medulloblastomas. SCNAs are common in medulloblastoma, and are predominantly subgroup enriched. The most common region of focal copy number gain is a tandem duplication of the Parkinson’s disease gene <italic>SNCAIP</italic>, which is exquisitely restricted to Group 4α. Recurrent translocations of <italic>PVT1</italic>, including <italic>PVT1-MYC</italic> and <italic>PVT1-NDRG1</italic> that arise through chromothripsis are restricted to Group 3. Numerous targetable SCNAs, including recurrent events targeting TGFβ signaling in Group 3, and NF-κB signaling in Group 4 suggest future avenues for rational, targeted therapy.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA163737 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA159859 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA155360 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA148621 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA116804 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA114567 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA109467 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>R01 CA086335 || CA</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Child Health & Human Development : NICHD</funding-source><award-id>P30 HD018655 || HD</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source><award-id>P30 CA138292 || CA</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Canada/explor/ParkinsonCanadaV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000727 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000727 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Canada
|area= ParkinsonCanadaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3683624
|texte= Subgroup specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:22832581" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonCanadaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |  |